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ThesisItem Open Access Livelihood security of small and marginal farm families in Hisar division of Haryana State(CCSHAU, 2018) Preeti; Kaushik, SushmaThe present study was conducted in Hisar division of Haryana state. Two districts i.e. Bhiwani and Hisar were selected randomly. One block from each district and two villages from each block were selected randomly. Seventy five small and marginal farm families from each selected village were drawn randomly for making a total of 300 respondents. Data regarding dependent and independent variables were collected with the help of pre tested interview schedule. The inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency; percentage weighted mean score and Pearson‟s coefficient of correlation. Results revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to 35-50 years of age, were educated upto secondary, belonged to OBC caste, having nuclear families with medium family size and had farming as their main occupation. Majority of them had no social participation, used high localite sources, medium cosmopolite sources and high mass media exposure for obtaining information. Majority of farmers followed double cropping pattern with medium cropping intensity. All were grown grain crops and cash crops. Human capital, social capital and financial capital were found to be of medium level. Physical capital was found high while natural capital was found medium in Bhiwani district and it was found low in Hisar district. Food security index in both the districts was found to be quite high (76.00 and 73.2%). Shelter/water and sanitation security, access to institutions, economic security and health security were found to be of moderate level, but the nutritional security index was found to be less than 50 per cent. Farm families faced small land size, lack of capital, no timely procurement, doesn‟t have good quality of seeds and fertilizers are main livelihood problems. A video film was developed on „Poshan Suraksha‟ by using standard procedure. Effectiveness of VCD was assessed in terms of audio, visual quality, content importance and presentation of message and it was perceived high on all the parameters by all the judges. Family size, family education status, occupation and annual income was positively and significantly correlated with all livelihood capital expect natural capital. Family education status, occupation and annual income were positively and significantly correlated with all the livelihood securities.ThesisItem Open Access Livelihood security of small and marginal farm families of Ambala division of Haryana state(CCSHAU, 2018) Arya, Saurabh; Batra, AshaThe present investigation entitled “Livelihood security of small and marginal farm families of Ambala division of Haryana state” was conducted in Ambala division of Haryana state. Two districts viz. Ambala and Yamunanagar were selected randomly from Ambala division. One block from each district viz. Sadhora block from Ambala and Nareingarh block from Yamunanagar district were selected randomly. Two villeges from each block viz. Rajpur and Nashera from Sadhora block, Sain Majra and Badi Ujjal from Nareingarh were selected randomly. Seventy five small and marginal farmers were selected randomly from each village and thus 300 farm families constitute the sample size for present study. Statistical tools like frequency, percentages, weighted mean score, ranking and co-relation coefficient were applied for data analysis. Sixteen independent variables and two dependent variables were selected for study purpose. The overall mean score of Human capital was found to be low in both the selected districts with WMS 1.52 and 1.59 in Ambala and Yamunanagar districts. The overall mean score of social, natural, physical and financial capital was found medium in both selected districts with mean score range from 1.67-2.33. Livelihood security index was medium level for almost all the security but the score for nutritional security was low among all of them. Major problems faced by the farm families of Ambala district related to government followed by climate change, agriculture, household and market respectively. Whereas major problems related to Yamunanagar district was related to market, climate change, government, agriculture and household respectively. Major opportunities perceived by farm families of both districts was same i.e related to household followed by community resources, farm practices and provided by government respectively. Human, social, natural, physical and financial capital were found to be positively and significantly co-related with age, family size, family education status, size of house, occupation, annual income, size of land, social participation and information source utilization. Same trends were observed in all types of security chosen for study purpose viz. food, nutritional, economic, shelter/water and sanitation, health, education security and access to institution. The effectiveness of developed VCD entitled” prakritik kheti dwara khaya suraksha” was assessed through 30 judges on selected parameters viz. audio and visual quality, presentation of message, content and text. The developed VCD was perceived high by the judges.ThesisItem Open Access Livelihood security of small and marginal farm families in gurgaon division of Haryana state(CCSHAU, 2018) Raman Jodha; Dahiya, ManjuThe study was conducted in Gurgaon division of Haryana state .Two districts from Gurgaon division i.e Rewari and Mahendragarh were selected randomly. One block from each district viz., Jatusana block from Rewari district and Kanina block from Mahendergarh district, were selected randomly. From selected two blocks Jatusana and Kanina, four villages (two from each block) Dahina and Maseet from Jatusana and Kakrala and Rambas from Kanina were selected randomly. From the selected villages a sample of 75 small and marginal farm families from was drawn randomly. Thus a total of 300 respondents were selected randomly. Statistical tools frequency, percentages, weighted mean scores and ranking, correlation coefficient were applied for data analysis. In the present study livelihood capabilities and security with problems and opportunities was assessed by developing media on identified aspect of livelihood security. The overall level of Human capital, social capital, physical capital and financial capital was found medium in both the districts (Rewari and Mahendargarh) with the mean score range in between 1.67 to 2.33 whereas natural capital was found low in both the districts (Rewari and Mahendargarh) with the mean score of 1.64 and 1.23 respectively. Livelihood security index was of medium level for almost all the parameters but the score for nutritional security was low amongst all of them. Major problems faced by the farm families were related to climate followed by related to government, related to household and related to climate. Main opportunity was ‘Related to household’ as livestock husbandry, educated family members and skill enhancement. Human capital was found to be positively and significantly correlated with family size(r= 0.479*), family education status(r=0.589*), occupation (r=0.683*), annual income(r=0.602*), size of land (r=0.691*) and information source utilization(r= 0.487*). Relationship between respondent’s independent variables with livelihood security of farm families indicate that variables viz; family size(r=0.392*), family education status(r=0.789*), occupation (r=0.739*), annual income(r=0.741*) and size of land(r=0.375*) were found to be significantly and positively correlated with food security. Effectiveness of CD entitled “Santulit bhojan dwara poshan surksha” was assessed through judges on selected parameters like audio quality, visual quality, and presentation of message, content and text. Audio and visual quality of messages related to ‘Santulit bhojan dwara poshan surksha’ presented in CD was perceived to be high. The audio and visual status of the prepared CD had been rated to be good quality.ThesisItem Open Access Smart agricultural practices: Problems and prospects(CCSHAU, 2018) Rohila, Anil Kumar; Shehrawat, P.S.The study was conducted in Haryana state. Two districts viz. Hisar from South-West Zone and Kaithal from North-East Zone were selected, purposively. Further, three villages from each district were selected, randomly. Further, thirty farmers were selected, randomly from each selected village. Thus, a total number of 180 respondents were interviewed for the present study. Majority of respondents (78.34%) belonged to productive age group and acquired education (88.33%) up to post graduate. Majority of the farmers had land holding up to 5 acres with had livestock along with ricewheat (70%) cropping system and 46.11 per cent farmers used tractor as farm power. Majority of the respondents had low to medium level of mass media exposure and extension contact. While, economic motivation of the maximum number of farmers was middle to high, whereas, majority of the respondents (99.44%) had low to medium innovation proneness. It was observed that farmer’ were well aware about nearest soil and water testing laboratory, SHC helps to studies the soil health, good quality of seed increase yield, high yielding varieties (HYVs), zero tillage reduce the field preparatory, labor and fuel cost, timely irrigation enhance crop yield, INM increase the crop yield, excess pesticides use hazards, weed competes for light, water and nutrients etc., IFS helps to reduce the cost of production, SMS services provided by CCSHAU, Hisar, crop diversification helps to reduce risk of crop failures, harvested water can be used for irrigation and drinking, compost and vermin compost is alternative of chemical fertilizers, agro forestry provide healthy environment and extra income, ICTs services provide information accurately, frequently and timely, burning of crop residue degrade the environment, emarketing promote the cashless transaction, agro-processing helps to get good price, protected cultivation helps to provide off season products, crop insurance minimize the risk of crop failure, CSAP helps to increase productivity, and organic farming reduces input cost. Whereas, adoption level was high about conjunctive use of water, certified seed for crop production, seed cum fertilizer drill machine, integrated nutrient management (INM), recommended nozzle for spray, crop stable burning is abandoned, cropping system having high productivity, visit the kissan mela (Kharif and Rabi), store your produce for future sale, allow the animal to mate within 3 months after parturition, mineral mixture, protect the animals from harsh weather conditions, disinfect the udder before milking, and proper ventilated house for animals. However, lack of seeds of new high yielding varieties (HYVs), lack of knowledge for seed treatment, not familiar with improved practices, lack of farm equipments, inadequate information, knowledge and skills, scarcity of canal water, not aware about the procedure of registration for weather forecasting, conservation agriculture is more labor intensive, lack of minimum support price, wide fluctuation in prices, lack of training to access e-information, climate change effects the seasonal temperature and rainfall, slow results of eco- friendly practices, lack of climate related information, high initial cost of establishment of protected structure, all crops not covered under crop insurance, lack of proper training of agro-processing/value addition, and non-availability of good animal breed were major constraints in adoption of smart agricultural practices (SAPs).ThesisItem Open Access Job preferences of adolescent girls and parents in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2018) Shalini; Goel, RitaPresent study was conducted in Haryana state, purposively. Two districts, Hisar and Bhiwani were selected randomly from Haryana state. One block was selected randomly from each selected district comprising of total 2 blocks for the study. A list of villages in both the districts outside the municipal limits having senior secondary schools and a list of senior secondary schools situated in Hisar and Bhiwani city was prepared. From the prepared lists, two villages with senior secondary schools from each block and 2 senior secondary schools from Hisar and Bhiwani cities were selected randomly. Hence, 8 senior secondary schools (i.e. 4 from selected villages and 4 from Hisar & Bhiwani city) were taken. Total 200 adolescent girls from class XI & XII both (25 from each selected school) and their parents were selected. Thus, a sample of 200 adolescent girls and 200 parents (200 mothers & 200 fathers) were selected for the study making a total sample of 600 respondents. Two separate well structured pre-tested interview schedules were developed for each category of respondents. A set of 27 independent variables and 2 dependent variables were used in study. The collected data was quantified and interpreted by using suitable statistical tools. Personal profile of respondents revealed that majority of parents were educated upto high level of family educational status in both the districts, agricultural labourers with medium family size in rural area and service (govt./private) with small size family in urban area in both the districts and majority of respondents had allied occupation. Majority of respondents preferred and control over the media. Cent percent adolescent girls wanted to go for job in both the districts and they discussed about choosing their career with fathers. Communication and transportation means possessed by parents were of medium level. The findings also revealed that majority of respondents had functional family environment in both the districts and parents had secure relationship in the family with their children. Majority of adolescent girls perceived top and mediocre level self managing school environment. Opinion about parents-child-relationship was supportive. In both the districts, crystallization of age of adolescent girls revealed that majority of respondents started to think about career at 16-18 years of age. Knowledge of respondents on various parameters was perceived about job opportunities. Maximum knowledge was seen in terms of art stream. Regarding preference about job opportunities, most preference was seen in science stream (2.28) followed by art stream (2.27) and commerce stream (2.24) in urban area of Hisar district and in rural area, maximum preference about job opportunities was seen in art stream (2.18) followed by science stream (2.11) and commerce stream (2.10). Regarding preference about job opportunities in Bhiwani district, maximum preference was observed in terms of art stream (2.27) followed by commerce (2.22) and science (2.04) in urban area while in rural area, , maximum preference was observed in terms of commerce stream (2.18) followed by art (2.09) and science (2.03). Majority of adolescent girls faced major problems in job preferences i.e. ‘poor examination results’ and ‘lack of confidence’ etc. The major challenges faced by respondents were ‘household chores’, ‘caring for elderly’ and ‘double burden of work’ in home based environment in both the districts. Regarding pre and post knowledge about job opportunities observed that post knowledge was increased after using the booklet. All the situational variables were positive associated with knowledge and preferences about jobs.