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Theses

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2017 - 20185
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Subject: Biotechnology and Molecular Biology × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2016 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Phenotyping and molecular marker analysis in backcross and F4 generations of wheat for salt tolerance
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Varsha; Shikha Yashveer
    Wheat is a major staple food of world population and occupies about 21.8% of total cultivated area accounting for 35.5 percent of total food grain production at global level. In India, approximately 8.5 million hectare of land area is affected by high salinity (EC ≥ 5 dS m-1). In Haryana alone, 2Mha of soil is affected by salinity which contributes to 20% of the total yield loss. Development of salinity tolerant varieties through marker assisted breeding is most efficient and effective strategy for management of soil salinity. In Haryana, HD 2967 and WH 1105 are widely cultivated wheat varieties with many agronomically superior qualities but are affected by soil salinity. In the present study, two genes (Nax1 and Nax2) for salinity tolerance were introgressed from Kharchia 65 into the genetic background of wheat varieties, HD 2967 and WH 1105 through marker assisted backcross breeding and BC1F3, BC2F2 and F4 generations of the two crosses i.e. HD 2967 x Kharchia 65 and WH 1105 x Kharchia 65, were evaluated for various morphological traits under initial salt stress condition. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic variations 68 and 44 plants of the cross HD 2967 x Kharchia 65 and WH 1105 x Kharchia 65, respectively, high yielding plants were selected. A total of 178 parental polymorphic markers were used for background selection of the foreground selected plants. Out of total 178 SSR markers screened, 31 markers were found polymorphic for the parents HD 2967 and Kharchia 65 and 30 markers were polymorphic for WH 1105 and Kharchia 65. These polymorphic SSR markers were used to produce molecular diversity among selected plants. Cluster tree analysis of parents and all the three generations of both the crosses, showed that all the selected plants were inclined toward recurrent parent HD 2967 or WH1105 indicating higher similarity with the recurrent parent. Six and four best plants were selected from the respective crosses as high grain yielding and salt tolerant plants. These plants could be further backcrossed with the recurrent parent to develop salt tolerant wheat lines.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Identification of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] hybrids and their parents using SSR markers
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Sanjay Kumar; Shikha Yashveer
    Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] (2n=14) is a short life span, highly crosspollinated, diploid, photo-synthetically efficient C4 monocot belonging to family Poaceae. It is primarily grown as a rain fed crop in the low rainfall zones of Sub-Saharan Africa and Indian subcontinent. Since 1986, 67 cultivars based on ICRISAT-bred germplasm (14 OPVs and 53 hybrids) have been released and notified in India. The improved cultivars are grown on more than 4.5 million ha (of about 9 million ha), of which the OPVs cover only 0.6 to 0.8 million ha, with the remaining area cultivated with hybrids. Determining the genetic purity of hybrid seed is an essential requirement for its commercial use. The SSR markers are preferred molecular markers for genetic purity identification due to their high efficiency, co-dominance, reproducibility, simplicity and accessibility to laboratories. Total six pearl millet hybrids along with their parents were used in this study. Genomic DNA of pearl millet hybrids and their parents (HHB67-Improved ,ICMA 843-22, ICMB 843-22, H 77/833-2- 202,HHB146,ICMA 95222, ICMB 95222, HTP 94/54, HHB94,ICMA 89111, ICMB 89111, G 73-107, HB256,ICMA 94222, ICMB 94222, H 1305, HHB216,HMS 37A, HMS 37B, HTP 03/13, HHB117, HMS 7A HMS 7B 77/29-2) was isolated using CTAB method. Out of 84 SSR primer pairs used, 7 SSR primers could distinguish the different hybrids and their parents. The SSR data was also used to determine genetic relationship among these genotypes. This study would a great help for testing purity of these hybrids.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic variability in BC1F2 and F3 wheat genotypes derived from WH 1105 x Kharchia 65 for salinity tolerance
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Sharma, Kritika; Shikaha Yashveer
    Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stress having multifarious adverse effects on all growth stages. In present study, WH1105 x Kharchia 65 derived BC1F2 and F3 and BC2F1 generations were evaluated for various morpho-physiological traits under salt stress and field conditions. Marker assisted selection confirmed the presence of Nax1 and Nax2 markers in 98 and 49 plants respectively for salinity tolerance. Twenty nine plants comprising of 16 BC1F2, 6 F3 and 7 BC2F1 were found to have both Nax1 and Nax2 loci. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic variations fifty-four high yielding plants were selected for genotyping using polymorphic SSR markers. Out of total 149 SSR markers screened, 24 polymorphic SSR markers were used to produce molecular diversity among 54 selected plants. Cluster tree analysis of parents and BC1F2, F3, and BC2F1 plants showed that all the selected plants were inclined toward recurrent parent WH1105 representing higher similarity with WH1105. Six best plants were selected as high grain yielding and salt tolerant plants i.e. plant number 53C from BC1F2, 140B from F3 and 13af, 13bf, 14bf, 15af from BC2F1 and these plants could be further backcrossed with the parent WH1105 to develop salt tolerant wheat lines.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular diversity and micronutrient content analysis in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Chanchal, Divya; Kharb, Pushpa
    Pearl millet is a highly cross pollinated C4 monocot plant belonging to family, Poaceae. In this study, seventy five pearl millet inbred lines were evaluated for six morphological traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, ear length, ear diameter, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant along with grain Fe, Zn and crude protein content in randomized block design (RBD) with two replications during kharif 2016. Eighteen polymorphic SSR primer pairs, selected after initial screening of 40 SSR primers were used for molecular diversity analysis among these inbred lines. The analysis of variance for all the traits revealed significant differences indicating the presence of substantial genetic variation among the inbred lines. There was a close resemblance between the corresponding estimates of PCV and GCV indicating the influence of environment on the expression of these traits. The PCV and GCV were maximum for grain yield per plant. There was a positive correlation between Fe and Zn content but no correlation with grain yield suggesting that these traits may be improved simultaneously without any penalty on grain yield. Molecular marker analysis revealed that the 18 SSR primers amplified a total of 43 alleles, ranging between 2-4, with an average of 2.38 alleles per locus and average PIC of 0.30. The size of PCR amplified products ranged from 140 bp to 1200 bp. UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the 75 inbred lines into two major clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.42. Inbred lines namely; EBL12/237, TPBL-11-105, CPBL-11-103, HBL1113 and HFI-10-140 exhibited higher grain Fe and Zn content as compared to HBL-11, male progenitor of many elite pearl millet hybrids, giving a scope for developing superior hybrids. Based on the mean performance, HBL 1107 and HPT-1-12-189-2 were found to be micronutrient and protein and with high grain yield. The line HMS 18B shared 89% similarity with HBL 11 at genetic level suggesting that HMS 18B may be used as male parent in hybrid development programmes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Simple sequence repeat analysis and micronutrient content in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Chaudhary, Rinku; Kharb, Pushpa
    Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is highly cross-pollinated, diploid, photo-synthetically efficient C4 monocot plant belonging to family Poaceae. In present investigation, seventy three pearl millet inbred lines were evaluated for genetic variability in yield and its contributing traits, micronutrients (Fe and Zn) and crude protein content. Molecular diversity analysis was assessed using SSR primers. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among all inbred lines for all the traits. A narrow difference was observed between PCV and GCV for all the traits suggesting the little role of environment in the expression of all these traits. A highly significant and positive correlation between grain Fe and Zn content was observed. Grain yield per plant showed no significant correlation with Fe, Zn and protein content suggesting improvement in nutrient value can be attempted without compromising on yield. Three inbred lines, H2302, HMP 808 and HBL 1121 were found to have high Fe, Zn and protein content as well as high yield. Inbred lines HMS 53B, HPT-2-12-59, H12/009, HMS 14B and H72-2-2 contained higher Fe and Zn than HBL 11, male progenitor of elite hybrids HHB 197, HHB 223, HHB 226, and thus may be used in developing superior hybrids. Out of 40 SSR primers used for screening, 19 were found to be polymorphic and used for molecular diversity assessment. A total of 46 alleles were amplified with 2.42 average allele per locus and 0.38 average PIC. At a similarity coefficient of 45%, seventy three inbred lines were grouped into two major clusters. HBL 0551 shared a very high genetic similarity with HBL 11 thus may be used as male parent in hybrid development programmes.