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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of brassinolide on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters under drought stress in Indian mustard(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-02) Naveen; Kumari, NishaThe present experiment was conducted in Oilseed Research Area during Rabi 2018-19 with two Indian mustard varieties viz. drought-tolerant (RH-725) and drought-sensitive (RH-749) to find the efficiency of brassinolide in two concentrations of 10 ppm and 20 ppm sprayed at 42 and 52 days after sowing. The experiment was laid out in RBD design with three replications. Results revealed that: The activities of antioxidative enzyme (SOD, CAT and POX) increase in both the varieties but this increase was more pronounced in RH-725 with 20 ppm concentration of brassinolide spray. The concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidants (carotenoid, ascorbic acid and proline) also increase significantly in RH-725 as compared to RH-749 at 20 ppm spray of brassinolide. The oxidative stress indicators (hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage) decrease to a significant level under brassinolide spray in tolerant variety at 50 % flowering. The exogenous application of brassinolide improved the physiological framework in the leaves of RH-725 at 50 % flowering. The yield and yield attributing characters such as plant height (cm), number of primary branches/plant, main shoot length (cm), number of siliquae on main shoot, number of seeds/siliqua, siliqua length (cm), seed yield/plant (g) were significantly increased among the treatments as well as varieties. Due to spraying of brassinolide the percentage of increase in seed yield ranged from 11.84 % in RH-725 and 5.77 % in RH-749 at 10 ppm concentration over control. In view of the present findings, the higher concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidants, higher activity of antioxidative enzymes and improved physiological parameters and maximum yield was found in RH-725 i.e. drought-tolerant at 20 ppm concentration of brassinolide spray.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical studies on fatty acid esterase isolated from pearl millet and wheat flours(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020) Nisha; Chugh, L. KThe present investigation was conducted on pearl millet cv. HC 20 and wheat cv. WH 1105. Pearl millet fatty acid esterase (PM-FAE) and wheat fatty acid esterase (WH-FAE) were partially purified from by ammonium sulphate fractionation (30-60 % saturation) followed by dialysis by 3.03 and 7.75 folds with specific activity of 15.35 and 22.5 units/mg protein and recovery of 57and 56 % of the activity, respectively. PM-FAE and WH-FAE, both exhibited optimum pH of 8.0. Optimum temperature for PM-FAE (40oC) was lower than WH-FAE (45oC). WH-FAE was comparatively more stable at high temperature (70OC). Km value of PM-FAE (0.129 μM p-NPB) was lower than that of WH-FAE (0.28 μM p-NPB). Km values of PM-FAE for p-NPB and NPO were about 50 % lower compared to that of WH-FAE. Affinity of PM-FAE and WH-FAE for NPD was approximately equal. Ascorbic acid and palmitoyl ascorbate inhibited both FAEs in a concentration dependent manner. After 5 days of storage, reduction of 73 % in total buildup of fat acidity (FA), 84% reduction in rate of increase in FA, 55 % inhibition of in vitro activity of FAE, 52 % inhibition in situ activity of FAE and 50 % inhibition of activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) in 0.58 % ascorbic acid-fortified flour compared to unfortified flour were observed. Inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid fortification on in vitro activity of FAE, in situ activity of FAE and LOX increased with fortified concentration of ascorbic acid whereas rate of increase in FA was almost unaffected. Inhibition of LOX (62-69 %) in 0.84 % ascorbic acid-fortified flour was comparable to that (68-74 %) of blanched grain flour (BGF) throughout storage period. It was concluded that comparatively higher activity of PM-FAE in flour, lower Km value for its substrates and lower optimum temperature might be responsible for faster in situ hydrolysis of lipids and hence poor shelf life of pearl millet flour than wheat flour. Indirect fortification of flour by ascorbic acid treatment of pearl millet grains was effective in negatively modulating activities of FAE and LOX in flour for arresting not only in situ hydrolysis but also enzymatic oxidation of lipids.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of phosphorus and potassium application on quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)(CCSHAU, 2019) Seema; Singal, H.R.Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) locally known as Jawar or Chari is an important kharif season crop which is grown for both fodder and grains. Fertilizers constitute an integral part of improved crop production technology. Application of optimum quantity of phosphorus and potassium is important in improving quality and yield of forage sorghum. The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of phosphorus and potassium application on quality parameters. Sorghum variety HJ 541 was grown in field and different doses of phosphorus (15, 30. 45, 60 and 90 kg P2O5/ha) and potassium (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg K2O/ha) were given. Plant/leaf samples were collected at 30 DAS, 50 DAS and 90 DAS. Biochemical parameters namely HCN, IVDMD, crude protein, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content, iron content, NDF, ADF, total soluble solids, total soluble sugars, reducing and non- reducing sugars, morpho- physiological parameters namely fresh weight, dry weight, stem girth, internode length and number of leaves and cell wall components namely cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and pectin were studied. It was observed that HCN content was less than permissible value (200 μg/g at fresh weight) with the application of phosphorus and potassium. IVDMD, crude protein, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content, iron content, total soluble solids, total soluble sugars, reducing and non- reducing sugars increased with the application of phosphorus and potassium. Maximum fresh and dry weight, stem girth internode length and number of leaves increased with the application of phosphorus and potassium. NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and pectin decreased with the application of phosphorus and potassium. The results obtained revealed that the quality of forage sorghum improved with the application of phosphorus and potassium.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on biochemical basis for cotton leaf curl disease tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum L.(CCSHAU, 2018) Taranjeet Kaur; Mandhania, ShiwaniViruses have profound effect on the growth and productivity of plants. With reference to the cotton crop, CLCuD caused by CLCuBuV has been recognized as a serious threat to cotton production in Indian subcontinent. Information on cotton and CLCuV interaction is still not convincingly explained. In the present study, the constituents like RWC, electrolyte leakage, total chlorophyll content, MDA content, total soluble protein, total sugar content, total phenolics, H2O2, gossypol content and the activities of defense related proteins viz. POX, PPO, CAT and PAL were scrutinized at different stages of infestation in GCH 3, HS 6 genotypes of cotton and in additional genotype (HD 432) to look over the biochemical basis for CLCuD tolerance mechanism. It was found that the maximum RWC, total chlorophyll content and total soluble protein was present in highly tolerant and resistant genotype respectively at 0 DAI. Decline in the amount of these constituents reported in all genotypes but maximum loss took place in HS 6. Least amount of electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and MDA content was present in HD 432 at all stages of infestation. Significant increase in these parameters observed in HS 6 post incursion of virus. Maximum total sugar content was present in HS 6 at 0 DAI, ebb was more in GCH 3 due to infestation. As a consequence of viral infection, the level of total phenolic compounds and gossypol content increased significantly in all genotypes while maximum increase was in GCH 3. With the progression of infestation period significant increase was reported in the activities of PAL, PPO, POX and CAT in all genotypes. Thus, the increase in the level of total phenolic compounds, gossypol with increase in the activities of all studied enzymes can be correlated with the potency of the plant to strive against CLCuD.ThesisItem Open Access Extraction and evaluation of antioxidant capacity of total phenolics from lychee (Litchi chinensis L.) seeds(CCSHAU, 2018) Nagesh C.R.; Ajay PalLychee seed, being a biowaste, is an inexpensive source of a variety of polyphenols. However, extraction yield/efficiency of total phenolics from lychee seed powder (LSP) depends on extraction conditions. Hence, in present study, optimum conditions for extraction of phenolics from LSP were deduced using one-factor-at-a-time approach followed by response surface methodology (RSM). The factorial, axial and center point experiments of central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of RSM were carried out to investigate the linear, quadratic and interactive effects of three independent variables namely volume of extractant (ml/g), agitation rate (rpm) and extraction time (min) on the yield of phenolics. Regression analysis showed that ~92% of the variation could be explained by the model. Software mediated numerical optimization was done with the constraint of minimum volume of extractant and extraction time separately for maximum yield of TPC. The experimental values were in accordance with the predicted values, indicating the adequacy of model and success of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions. Lychee seed extract (LSE) was analyzed for profiling of phenols and fatty acids using H-UPLC and GC, respectively. Despite reported phenolic compounds, we found new phenolics namely apigenin, catechol, catechin, chlorogenic acid, diadzein, salicyclic acid, trans-ferulic acid, trans-sinapic acid and vanillin in LSE. Among six different fatty acids identified, oleic acid and linoleic acid were abundant. Further, LSE was assayed for its antioxidant activities using an array of tests including free radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity (NOSA), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, metal chelation activity, total antioxidant activity (TAA), total reducing power (TRP), lipid peroxidation inhibition activity (LPIA) and protein oxidation inhibition activity. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA damage protective efficacy of LSE was also observed using pBR322 plasmid and human lymphocytes, respectively. Results of various experiments showed substantial antioxidant activity of LSE and advocate its exploitation as a source of natural antioxidants to counter ROS-induced pathologies or diseases.ThesisItem Open Access A Study of Personality varables of Wale young Adults (15-21 Years) In Three Different Social Climates(I.C College Of Home Science Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1983) Sharma, Ritambhara; Kaur, PraveenThesisItem Open Access Studies on Biochemical Effects of Dimethoate in Albino Rats(Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1984) Vandana; Wagle, D. SThesisItem Open Access A Study of Psycho Social Factors Affecting The behaviour and Attitude of Papents Towards Birth and Uperinging of male and Famale Child(Department of Sociology College of Basic Sciences and Humanities College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1980) Dhawan, Veena Rani; Kaur, PraveenThesisItem Open Access Studies of Biochemical Effects of Phorate in Rats(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1984) Aggarwal, Rajeev Anand Kumar; Wagle, D. S
