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ThesisItem Open Access Sucrose mobilization and nitrogen metabolism in aerobic and lowland indica rice (Oryza sativa L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020) Jhandai, Sonia; Ajay PalWater dearth is the most critical issues in modern agriculture. Therefore, aerobic cultivation condition is sustainable concept to grow rice (Oryza sativaL.) which favors huge water impetus and labor. A better understanding of sucrose mobilization in shoots at vegetative and reproductive stages and developing grains at 7th–14th DAA may help in selection of rice genotypes to grow under aerobic condition. Herein, we have studied the effect of aerobic and conventional conditions on the activities of sucrose mobilization enzymes in four rice varieties viz. PAU201, HBC19 (lowland) and MAS26, MAS25 (aerobic) under pot condition. Aerobic condition significantly increased activities of sucrose synthesizing enzyme viz. sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose phosphate phosphatase (SPP) and sucrose synthase (synthesis) (SSs). Activities of starch synthesizing enzymes viz.sucrose synthase (cleavage) (SSc), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and soluble starch synthase (SSS) were reduced in concord with starch content under aerobic condition. Sucrose, soluble sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars increased under aerobic condition in contrast with starch, UDP-glucose and ADP-glucose. UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) activity increased in shoot under aerobic condition to contribute sucrose synthesis while decreased in developing grains resulting in decreased starch content. Nitrogen, an essential component of all proteins, is one of the essential macronutrients required for better yield and therefore, nitrogen metabolism pathway was also studied under aerobic condition with respect to conventional condition and observed decreased activities under aerobic condition in both shoots and roots. Similar to enzymes, diminished metabolites viz. nitrite and alanine were observed under aerobic condition Crop sustainability under aerobic condition in all varieties could be attributed to osmoprotective role of sucrose and total soluble sugars. Our findings by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis also revealed up-regulation of SPS with down-regulation of AGPase and SUS transcript under aerobic condition is responsible for significant decrease in starch with increase in sucrose. Our results reveal decreased yield attributes under aerobic condition. Biochemical analysis, gene expression and yield attributes highlight the role of various enzymes prioritized for assimilate translocation under aerobic condition, and provide evidence of differentiation of metabolic pathway under two growing condition as well as aerobic and lowland rice varieties.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical studies on chromium toxicity and its amelioration in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-10-31) Praveen Kumar; Singal, H.R.The main aim of the present research work was to determine the effects of Cr (VI) toxicity (2 ppm & 4 ppm) and its amelioration by glycine betaine (GB) and AMF at two growth stages viz. vegetative stage (35 DAS) and grain filling stage (95 DAS) in three varieties of sorghum viz. HJ 541 (single-cut), HJ 513 and SSG 59-3(multi-cut). The effect of exogenous application of GB (spiked in soil & foliar spray) and AMF (10 g) either individually or in combination was investigated for their ameliorative capability. The ameliorative effects were studied in terms of biochemical parameters (viz. structural and non-structural carbohydrates, crude protein, chlorophyll, chromium, hydrocyanic acid, IVDMD, pectin, PME, PG and cellulase), morphophysiological parameters (viz. root length, shoot length, number of leaves/tillers, grain yield, plant height and plant biomass), antioxidative defense system parameters (viz. enzymes – SOD, APX, CAT, GR, POX and metabolites – proline, glutathione, ascorbate, β-carotene) and indices of oxidative stress parameters (viz. PPO, H2O2 and MDA). The results revealed that the biochemical and morphophysiological parameters (except hydrocyanic acid, chromium, non-structural carbohydrates and pectin) decreased with increasing concentration of Cr (VI) in all the varieties at both the growth stages, and maximum decrease was observed in HJ 541 variety at 4 ppm concentration of Cr (VI) as compared to HJ 513 and SSG 59-3 variety at both growth stages. The antioxidative defense system parameters (enzymes & metabolites) and indices of oxidative stress parameters increased with increasing concentration of Cr (VI) at both the growth stages, in all the varieties. Further increase in antioxidative defense system parameters on exogenous GB (spiked in soil & foliar spray) and AMF application, either individually or in combination ameliorated the toxicity and decreased indices of oxidative stress parameters and increased IVDMD, total sugars, crude protein, β-carotene and nutritionally quality of sorghum in all the varieties at both the growth stages. The variety SSG 59-3 had lower hydrocyanic acid, non-structural carbohydrates, chromium, indices of oxidative stress parameters and more IVDMD and nutritional quality parameters as compared to HJ 513 and HJ 541 variety, at both the growth stages. Thus, among the three varieties (viz. HJ 541, HJ 513 and SSG 59-3), SSG 59-3 variety was found more tolerant as compared to HJ 541 and HJ 513 variety.ThesisItem Open Access Phosphoenol pyruvate metabolism of developing seeds of Brassica campestris L.(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1995) Singh, Dev Karam; Singh, RandhirThesisItem Open Access Effect of Cr (VI) on carbon metabolism of germinating pea seeds(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1992) Dua, Anita Rani; Sawhney, S. KThesisItem Open Access Use of immobilized tyrosinase for production of L-DOPA(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1999) Manjal, Neeru; Sawhney, S.KThesisItem Open Access Use of immobilized tyrosinase for production of L-DOPA(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1999) Manjal, Neeru; Sawhney, S.KThesisItem Open Access Effect of cadmium on carbon and Nitrogen metabolism of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1991) Chugh, Lakshaman Kuamr; Sawhney, S. KThesisItem Open Access Studies on the nutritive value of rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris (L. )(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1995) Singh, Jai; Sood, D. RThesisItem Open Access Viscosity and Density Behaviour of Tetraalkylammonium Iodides in Mixed Solvent(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1993) Dimple; Girdhar, K. K
