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Theses

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2010 - 201923
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Subject: Agricultural Meteorology × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 23
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on microclimate of wheat crop and validation of DSSAT under different sowing environments
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-09) Premdeep; Khichar, M.L
    Field experiment entitled “Study on microclimate of wheat crop and validation of DSSAT under different sowing environments” was conducted during Rabi season (2015-16 and 2016-17) at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (29° 10 N, 75° 46 E and altitude 215.2 m). The experiment was comprised of three sowing dates main plot treatments namely D1 (2nd fortnight of November), D2 (1st fortnight of December) and D3 (2nd fortnight of December); three varieties V1 (WH 1105), V2 (DPW 621-50) and V3 (HD 2967) sub plot treatments comprising. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Different agrometeorological indices viz. GDD, HTU, PTU and PTI accumulation was significantly higher under D1 (2nd fortnight of November) sowing date at all the phenophases in comparison to the other dates of sowing. The requirement of growing degree days were more in D1 (2nd fortnight of November). Highest PAR and RUE values obtained in D1 (2nd fortnight of November) date of sowing with V1 (WH 1105) variety as compared to other treatments.The highest plant height, dry matter accumulation and LAI was recorded under D1 and V1 with maximum CCI at anthesis stage. Chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance was highest recorded under D1 during anthesis stage as compared to other date of sowing. The yield and yield attributes viz. ear per plant, length of spike, test weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield significantly higher under early sowing (D1) as compared to late sown. Weather variables showed a positive and negative correlation with yield and yield attributes. Simulation performance of model showed an overestimation with days to emergence, anthesis, physiological maturity while grain yield, straw yield and harvest index showed a over-underestimation of results.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    In-season temperature variations in Indian mustard: An agrometeorological analysis
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-09) Mohammad Ahatsham; Surender Singh
    A field experiment entitled “In-season temperature variations in Indian mustard: An agrometeorological analysis” was conducted during rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at Research Farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar. The D1 (25th Oct. and 07th Oct.) sown crop perform better in respect of agrometeorological, growth indices and yield parameters as compared to D2 (05th Nov. and 20th Oct.) and D3 (15th Nov. and 03rd Nov) date of sowings. The delay sowing of mustard crop led to shortening of vegetative and reproductive phase duration. Among the varieties; RH 0749 performed better in respect of agrometeorological, growth, stress indices, yield and yield attributes as compared to Laxmi, RH 406, RH 30 and Kranti in both the seasons. Higher temperature during reproductive phase caused stress which resulted in forced maturity and reduced the reproductive phase duration significantly under the late sown crop. Increased mean maximum temperature during the seed development phase decreased the seed yield and produced poor quality seed. The crop growth rate was initially low then increased till seed development (P5) and attained maximum value at seed development stage and then declined consistently till the maturity stage. The cultivar RH 0749 took more days (150 in 2015-16 and 138 in 2014-15 season) to attain physiological maturity. Under stress and non-stress conditions RH 0749 were found low drought susceptibility and high yield stability. The regression model developed for predicting growth and development of mustard crop using various meteorological parameters explained the variability to the extent of 62, 69, 87, 87 and 71 per cent for leaf area index, drymatter, biological yield, seed yield and number of siliquae, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Spatio-temporal Progression of Yellow Wheat Rust in relation to Weather in NW India
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-12) Madho Singh; Niwas, Ram
    Field experiment entitled “Spatio-temporal progression of yellow wheat rust in relation to weather in NW India” was conducted during rabi seasons of 2015-16 and 2016- 17 at different locations of NW India, at HAU, Hisar. The first appearance of yellow rust on 9th Jan. (2nd SMW) in Yamuna Nagar during 2015-16 and during 2016-17 the yellow rust was observed on 29th Dec. (52 SMW) in Gurdaspur station.. Disease severity was higher (70%) during rabi 2015-16 as compared to 2016-17 (60%). The maximum temperature, minimum temperature and Vapour pressure deficit were positive significant correlated whereas morning and evening relative humidity were negatively correlated with disease severity of yellow rust and rainfall had non significant correlation with disease severity. The variability in disease severity can be explained from 72 to 96 percent by minimum temperature and maximum relative humidity. The spectral indices viz., NDVI, VI, NRI and NPCI were negatively correlated with disease severity and DWSI and PSRI were positively correlated with disease severity of yellow rust at all the locations.The best fit model based on spectral indices explained the variability in disease severity of yellow rust up to 98 percent by NDVI and DWSI at Jammu, 74 percent at Gurdaspur, 94 percent at Yamuna Nagar, 95 percent at Dhaula Kuan, 97 percent at Ambala, and 92 percent at Karnal, and 99 percent at Hisar, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on drought frequency and its effects on kharif crop production in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Rahul; Dagar, C.S.
    The present study entitled ―Study on drought frequency and its effects on kharif crop production in Haryana‘‘, was conducted in 21 districts of Haryana. The primary objective of the study was to calculate the occurrence of drought frequency and its effects on crop production in Haryana during 1987 to 2016. For identification of drought year‘s two drought indices i.e. SPI and rainfall deviation from normal as given by IMD were used and the extent of deficit of annual rainfall, the annual rainfall departure analysis has been carried out. Rainfall variability analysis during kharif season showed a decreasing trend of rainfall in eastern and western zones of Haryanaexcept Faridabad in eastern zone and Hisar in western zone which showed slightly increasing trend.On the basis of SPI values the Ambala and Mewat in eastern zone and Fatehabad and Rewari in western zone are more prone to moderate drought, whereas Sonipat and Hisar has more chances to experience severe drought based on their past experience. Kurukshetra and Kaithal seems to be safer in terms of their proneness to sever drought as they never experienced SPI based severe drought condition during the study period. Another criteria i.e. IMD‘s rainfall deviation criteria of drought frequency reflected that the districts of Sonipat, Bhiwani and Rewari have more tendency of getting moderate drought as compared to other districts and Kurukshetra and Kaithal in case of severe drought. In eastern zone of Haryana majority of area was under no drought conditions on the basis of both indices.As drought category is concerned the IMD criterion for drought is more sensitive to ‗Moderate‘ and ‗Severe‘ droughts and the SPI found more sensitive to ‗No drought‘ conditions.It was concluded that more number of drought years was observed in western zone as compare to eastern zone of Haryana. The effect of drought on kharifcrops was analyzed by using correlation and scatter plot. Rice, Bajra, maize and cotton showed negative relationship with rainfall and SPI, whereas moong crop showed positive relationship with rainfall and SPI where these crops were grown. The adverse effects of drought on crop productivity were nullified by the assured irrigation facilities. The increased rainfall decreased the productivity by favouring the high incidence of pest and diseases except moong crop which were grown in summer season and relish the rainfall.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Long term Rainfall Behavior in Western Agro-climatic zone of Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Harshana; Raj Singh
    The present research study entitled „Long term rainfall behaviour of western agro-climatic zone of Haryana‟ was undertaken to study seasonal characteristics, extreme events and trend of rainfall. It also analyzed relationship between rainfall and yield performance of major crops in Western Haryana. In Western Agroclimatic Zone, weekly mean maximum rainfall in 28th SMW was observed at Bhiwani (29.7 mm), Jhajjar (38.4 mm), Mahendragarh (34 mm), Rewari (42.4 mm), Jind (36.3 mm) and Rohtak (32.2 mm), respectively whereas in 31st SMW at Fatehabad (23.3 mm), 29th SMW at Hisar (29.0 mm) and in 27th SMW at Sirsa (25.6 mm). Monthly mean maximum rainfall in July was observed at Bhiwani (109.3 mm), Hisar (109.3 mm) and Jind (126.9 mm) while in August at Fatehabad (78 mm), Jhajjar (152.6 mm), Mahendragarh (115.7 mm), Rewari ( 146.3 mm), Rohtak (134.3 mm) and Sirsa ( 86.2 mm) respectively. In overall western agro-climatic zone, 332.9 mm, 14.2 mm, 23.1 mm and 22.3 mm rainfall was received by SW, NE ,Winter and Summer season respectively during the entire period of study. Annual mean rainfall was highest at Jhajjar (524.4 mm) and lowest in Sirsa (313.2 mm) while CV (%) value was highest at Rohtak (51.4 %) and lowest in Hisar (27.9 %) respectively. All stations of western Haryana exhibited decreasing annual rainfall trend where annual rainfall was decreasing significantly in four stations viz. Fatehabad, Jhajjar, Rohtak and Sirsa @ -3.08 mm, -7.54 mm, -12.25 mm and -4.78 mm per annum respectively. Post Monsoon rainfall exhibited significant decreasing rainfall trend @ -0.33 mm per annum in Rohtak. Monsoon season exhibited significant decreasing rainfall trend @ -3.42, -5.58, -9.12 and – 3.23 mm per annum in Hisar, Jhajjar, Rohtak and Sirsa, respectively. Winter Season exhibited significant decreasing trend @ -0.68 mm and -0.40 mm per annum at Rohtak and Sirsa. Pre monsoon season showed increased trend in most of the stations. Value of standard deviation and coefficient of variation was high on temporal and spatial scale which indicated highly variable rainfall in the western agro-climatic zone during study period. Extreme rainfall events mostly occurred during monsoon season which received highest rainfall. Crop seasonal rainfall and mustard and chickpea productivity was negatively correlated in all stations may be due to outbreaks of insects and pests in high temperature and humidity conditions caused by high rainfall. Crop seasonal rainfall and wheat productivity was positively correlated in four stations (Bhiwani, Jind, Mahendragarh and Rewari) and negatively correlated in rest of the 5 stations (Fatehabad, Hisar, Jhajjar, Sirsa and Rohtak).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of microclimate on growth and yield of strawberry intercropping with chilli under open and controlled environments
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Suresh; Ram Niwas
    The field investigations on “Study on Effect of microclimate on growth and yield of strawberry intercropping with chilli under open and controlled environments” was carried out under greenhouse and open field during winter of 2018-19 at Precision farming development centre, Department of Horticulture, Gate no. 3, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during Rabi season 2018-19. The treatments consisted of five treatments sole strawberry (SS), sole chilli (SC), 1 chilli one strawberry row (1C1S), 1 chilli 2 strawberry rows (1C2S), and 1 chilli 3 strawberry rows (1C3S). The twenty combinations were evaluated in randomized block design under open field conditions and twenty combinations were evaluated in completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions. The highest thermal and radiation indices in 1 chilli 3 strawberry rows (1C3S) treatment as compared to other treatments under both conditions. But HUE and RUE were higher in chilli crop in 1 chilli 3 strawberry rows (1C3S) treatment as compared to other treatments under both conditions. When growing parameters were compared, it was found that crop planted inside the greenhouse was superior in all aspects including yield parameters. Among strawberry, chilli and their intercropping treatments 1chill three strawberry rows (1C3S) consumed highest heat units, heliothermal units and photothermal units as compared to other treatments under open and greenhouse field conditions. HUE, RUE and yield parameters were highest in chilli crop in 1C3S treatment in greenhouse conditions. LAI was maximum at 90 DAP and dry matter at maturity under both conditions. Also, 1chilli 3 row strawberry (1C3S) treatment was proved to be superior in both open and greenhouse field conditions. The correlation and regression analysis were carried out to study the relationship between yields attributes and microclimate of strawberry, chilli and their intercrops in all treatments. Most of the yield parameters were positively correlated with maximum temperature and non-significant negative correlation with morning relative humidity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on microclimate and its effect on growth and yield of strawberry under open and controlled conditions
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Amanpreet; Ram Niwas
    The field investigation on “Study on microclimate and its effect on growth and yield of strawberry under open and controlled conditions” was carried out under polyhouse and open field at PFDC, Department of Horticulture, Gate no. 3, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during Rabi season 2018-19. The main plot treatments consisted of four dates of planting (15th September, 25th September, 5th October and 15th October) and sub plot treatments consisted of three varieties (Chandler, Winter Dawn and Winter Star). The thirty-six combinations were evaluated in split plot design with three replications under open field and thirty-six combinations were evaluated in completely randomized design with three replications in polyhouse. Temperature and relative humidity were higher inside polyhouse by 2-5o C and 6-13 % respectively. Maximum radiation absorption was in strawberry crop planted on 15th September and in variety Chandler. HUE and RUE were higher in the early planted crop i.e. 15th September under both conditions. All growth parameters were found maximum in crop planted on 15th September. When growth parameters were compared, it was found that crop planted inside the polyhouse was superior in all aspects including yield parameters. Among different strawberry varieties, Winter Star consumed highest heat units, heliothermal units and photothermal units as compared to Chandler and Winter Dawn under both conditions. HUE, RUE and yield parameters were highest in Chandler variety. LAI was maximum at 90 DAP and dry matter at maturity under both conditions. Also, Chandler proved to be superior in both parameters. Radiation interception was maximum in open field conditions and at the top of the crop canopy. The correlation and regression analysis were carried out to study the relationship between yield attributes and microclimate of strawberry varieties. Most of the yield parameters were positively correlated with temperature and relative humidity. In variety Chandler, 96 per cent variability in fruit yield/plant was explained by mean temperature and mean relative humidity under open field conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Simulation of potato cultivars response to planting dates in a sub-tropical environment using SUBSTOR-Potato model
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Yogesh Kumar; Raj Singh
    Field experiment entitled “Simulation of potato cultivars response to planting dates in a sub-tropical environment using SUBSTOR-Potato model” was conducted during Rabi season (2016- 17 and 2017-18) at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (Lat. - 29° 10 N, Long. - 75° 46 E and altitude 215.2 amsl). The experiment was comprised of four planting dates main plot treatments namely (D1) -8th October, (D2) - 22th October, (D3) – 5th November (D4) – 15th November; sub plot treatments comprising three different cultivars viz. (V1)- Kufri Bahar, (V2)- Kufri Pushkar and (V3)- Kufri Surya. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with four replications. Different agrometeorological indices viz. AGDD, AHTU, APTU, RUE and TUE accumulation was significantly higher under second planting dates at various phenophases in comparison to the other planting dates. Among varying planting dates for evaluation of effect of planting time on growth, development and yield parameters of potato, second planting date (D2- 22th October) resulted in better overall growth and produced higher tuber and haulm yield as compared to first planting dates (D1), third (D3) and fourth planting dates (D4) in both the crop seasons. While, among varieties, Kufri Pushkar produced highest tuber yield with better yield attributes as compared to Kufri Bahar and Kufri Surya, in both the crop seasons. In respect of phenological observations, agrometeorological indices and growth parameters shows better in 22th October sown crop with variety Kufri Pushkar, among different planting dates and varieties. The micrometeorological parameters were performed better in 22th October sown crop under different planting dates. Temperature profiles were inverse throughout the day with in the crop canopy. Over the top of the crop canopy the temperature profiles was lapse. The relative humidity profiles were lapse inside the crop canopy throughout the day except at 9:00 AM hours, iso-humic at different phenophases during both crop seasons. SUBSTOR-Potato model was calibrated for the 2016-17 and derived their genetic coefficients and further outputs were validated for second season 2017-18. The results revealed that comparison of observed and simulated days to tuber initiation and physiological maturity were in good agreement in Sub-tropical environment. The simulated tuber yield under D1 and D3 planting, model simulation under estimated and the rest of planting dates it showed over estimation results. Simulation performance of the model was found satisfactory and over estimated by the model with reasonable agreement (±10 %). The model has proved to a suitable tool for optimization in potato management, prediction of phenology and estimates potential yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Agrometeorological Analysis of Okra Cultivation in Spring-Summer Season
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Ashish Kumar; Surender Singh
    A field study was conducted in Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University in the research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology entitled “Agrometeorological Analysis of Okra Cultivation in Spring-Summer Season” with the objectives to quantify various agrometeorological indices for different phenophases and to examine the relationship between weather variables and yield attributes of Okra. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with four dates sowing (2, 12 and 22 March and 2 April) and three varieties (Hisar Unnat, Hisar Naveen and Varsha Uphar) in 3.0 x 3.0 m plot with 30 cm x 10 cm spacing. The results showed that Hisar Naveen resulted into significantly higher growth parameters like plant height (122.20 cm at 90 DAS), LAI (2.22 at 90 DAS), leaf dry matter (25.97 g/plant at 90 DAS), number of branches per plant (2.1), yield attributes like fruit length (8.21 cm); fruit weight (7.30 g), fruit diameter (1.40 cm) and yield (120.3 q/ha) and 22 March of sowing of okra found to be the most suitable date. The different weather indices like GDD (301.040 C day at germination to 763.52 0C day at first picking), Heliothermal units (567.470 C day hours at germination to 55576.460 C day hours first picking), Photothermal units (927.110 C day hours at germination to 9593.170 C at first picking), Hydrothermal units (6094.200 C days hours at germination to 47685.460 C days hours) ; heat use efficiency (0.4140 C at first picking to 1.1520 C day hour at physiological maturity); heliothermal use efficiency (0.590 C day hour at first picking to 0.190 C day hour at physiological maturity); photo thermal use efficiency (0.320 C day hour at first picking to 0.780 C day hour at physiological maturity); hydrothermal use efficiency (0.199 kg/ha 0C day at first picking to 0.512 kg/ha 0C day at physiological maturity) and photothermal index (16.24 kg/ha 0C day at germination to 17.60 kg/ha 0C day at first picking) were found better in okra crop sown on 22 March while Hisar Naveen variety was superior in using the agrometeorological parameters like maximum and minimum temperature, actual vapour pressure during morning and evening; relative humidity during morning and evening; wind speed; sunshine hours; evaporation and rainfall. The regression equation (R2) ranged from 0.51; 0.56; 0.52; 0.71 for GDD; Heliothermal units; photothermal units; hydrothermal; units and hydrothermal use efficiency, respectively. Overall; Hisar Naveen (120.3 q/ha) variety found suitable for maximum growth and yield while third week of March month provides highest yield (122.3 q/ha) with better utilization of all agrometeorological resources.