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ThesisItem Open Access An economic analysis of spring maize cultivation in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Mandeep Kumar; Pannu, R.S.The present study was conducted in Karnal and Kurukshetra districts of Haryana during 2019- 20 with a view to study the cost and returns of spring maize in relation to its competing crops, to work out the resource use efficiency of spring maize vis-à-vis competing crops and to identify the constraints in the production of spring maize cultivation. 80 farmers were selected using multi-stage purposive sampling technique from the identified districts. The outcome of the study revealed that the total cost of cultivation was highest for marigold i.e. ₹ 183411 ha-1, followed by spring maize (₹ 83350 ha-1), sunflower (₹ 76297 ha-1) and least for summer mungbean i.e. ₹ 59721 ha-1. Further, the per hectare gross returns obtained from marigold, spring maize, sunflower and summer mungbean were ₹ 462250, ₹ 108029, ₹ 91526 and ₹ 85744, respectively. Furthermore, the net returns realized from marigold (₹ 278838 ha-1) was highest followed by summer mungbean (₹ 26023 ha-1), spring maize (₹ 24679 ha-1) and sunflower (₹ 15229 ha-1). Moreover, it was worth to mention that B:C ratio was found highest for marigold (2.52) tracked by summer mungbean (1.40), spring maize (1.30) and least for sunflower (1.20) in the study area. In case of spring maize, chemical fertilizers and seed were the most efficiently utilized resources in Karnal and Kurukshetra districts, respectively whereas irrigation was found to be least efficiently utilized resource in both the districts. Further, in case of summer mungbean, seed and machine labour exhibited highest resource use efficiency in Karnal and Kurukshetra districts, respectively whereas chemical fertilizers was found to be least efficient resource in selected districts. Furthermore, in case of marigold and sunflower, seed was used to the maximum extent of its efficiency whereas machine labour came out to be least efficiently utilized resource in both the districts. In addition to this, the decreasing returns to scale have been observed for spring maize in specified districts. However, summer mungbean, marigold and sunflower cultivation in both the districts exhibited increasing returns to scale. High wage rate of labour, damage to the standing crop by wild animals, higher cost of seed, incidence of insect-pests and diseases, non-procurement of maize produce by government agencies, low market price realization due to high moisture content etc., are the some of the major constraints faced by spring maize growers.
