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Theses

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2016 - 20173
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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2015 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ROMIFIDINE, ROMIFIDINE-KETAMINE AND ITS REVERSAL WITH ATIPAMEZOLE IN BOVINE
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2017-01) SARMA, BIRAJ KUMAR; Sarma, Bhupen
    Twenty four clinically affected bovine calves of either sex, weighing 100-150kgs were divided into four groups, containing of 6 calves in each group, where group-I received romifidine @ 20 µg/kg i.m., group-II received romifidine @ 40 µg/kg i.m., group-III received romifidine-ketamine (40µg/kg+2mg/kg) i.m., group-IV received atipamezole @ 40 µg/kg, i.V at 30 minutes following romifidine sedation. The induction time, duration and recovery time were 9.20±0.27, 78.50±4.47 and 101.67±2.58 minutes respectively in group-I, 7.83±0.34, 91.00±1.96 and 116.33±3.37 minutes respectively in group-II and 4.98±0.29, 101.50±1.58 and 126.17±3.21 minutes respectively in group-III. In group-IV, atipamezole reversed romifidine sedation in 1.07±0.38 minutes. Induction and recovery were smooth. Muscle relaxation and analgesia were good. Animals of all group exhibited signs of sedation with lowering of head, occasional bellowing, heavy upper eyelid (drowsiness), onset of salivation, reduced tail movement and signs of staggering. Polyurea was observed at recovery. Heart rate decreased significantly (P<0.05) in group-I, II and III. Respiration decreased significantly (P<0.05) and rectal temperature decreased non-significantly (P>0.05) in all the three groups. Respiratory tidal volume and Respiratory minute volume decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the group-I, II and III. MAP also decreased significantly (P<0.05) and SpO2 decreased non-significantly (P>0.05) in the group-I, II and III. Hb, PCV, TEC and ESR also decreased non-significantly (P>0.05) in group-I, II and III. Highly significant (P<0.01) increased of GGT in group-I, II and III and glucose, BUN and creatinine increased significantly (P<0.05) in all these three groups. Total protein decreased non-significantly (P>0.05) in group-I and II and decreased significantly (P<0.05) in group-III. Cortisol increased significantly (P<0.05) in all the four groups. Atipamezole effectively reversed the effects of romifidine and the values returned towards the pre-administration level within 15 minutes. Based on the findings of the study, romifidine –ketamine anaesthesia and its reversal by atipamezole can be suggested for use in clinically affected bovine calves.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY, ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ABDOMINAL AFFECTIONS IN CANINE
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2017-07) KONWAR, BEDANGA; KALITA, DWIJEN
    The study was conducted on 66 dogs of either sex, belonging to all age groups, brought to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram with the history and clinical symptoms of abdominal disorders. The study was undertaken to correlate the findings of clinico-physiological, haemato-biochemical, radiographic and ultrasonographic studies for confirmatory diagnosis of disorders of gastro-intestinal, hepatobiliary, hematopoietic (spleen), urinary, female and male genital systems and abdominal wall defects in canine. All the animals were divided into seven groups as per the symptoms related to the systems: Group I (Gastrointestinal system), Group II (Hepatobiliary system), Group III (Hematopoietic (Spleen) system), Group IV (Urinary system), Group V (Female genital system), Group VI (Male genital system) and Group VII (Miscellaneous conditions). Animals were subjected for thorough linicophysiological and haemato-biochemical examinations. Two abdominal radiographs (Lateral and ventro-dorsal views) and whole abdomen ultrasonography were carried out for all the dogs. Out of the 66 cases, group distribution for the abdominal disorders were recorded highest with gastrointestinal system (33.33%), followed by female genital system (18.18%), hepatobiliary system (13.64%), urinary system (12.12%), haematopoietic (spleen) system (10.61%), male genital system (9.09%) and the lowest with abdominal wall defects (3.03%). Breed distributions were recorded highest in Mixed breed dogs (40.91%), followed by Pomeranian (25.76%), Mongrel (22.73%), German shepherd (6.06%), Cocker Spaniel (1.51%) and Pug (1.51%) respectively. Females (54.55%) were recorded highest incidence than male (45.45%). Age wise distribution were recorded highest in 2-3 and 3-4 years of age (18.18 %), followed by 4-5 years (15.15%), 5-6 years (13.64%), 0-1 years (9.10%), 1-2 years (7.57%), 6-7 and 7-8 years with 4.55% and lowest in 8-9, 9-10 and 10 years and above with 3.03% respectively. There were inconsistent and misleading clinico-physiological findings in disorders of gastro intestinal system, hepatobiliary system and splenic abnormality. In urinary system disorders, canine pyometra, abdominal wall rupture and diaphragmatic hernia, the clinico- physiological findings were useful. But, in male genital system disorders, the clinico-physiological symptoms often coincide with those of urinary system disorders. Haemato-biochemical examinations were recorded with significantly decreased Hb, PCV and TEC with leucocytosis and neutrophilia in all the cases of abdominal disorders. There was significantly decreased Na, K, TP and ALB with elevated ALP, BUN and SC for GIT disorders. In hepatobiliary disorders there were significantly decreased TP, ALB and GLU with significantly increased AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and total bilirubin. Significantly decreased TP, GLU and significantly increased AST, ALP, BUN, GGT and SC were recorded for splenic disorders. Urinary system disorders were recorded as significantly decreased Na with elevated BUN, SC and Ca level. Female genital system disorders were recorded as significantly decreased TP, ALB, with severe leucocytosis, neutrophilia and significantly increased AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, GGT and SC level. Prostatic hyperplasia and cysts were recorded as significantly decreased TP, ALB with significantly increased ALP, BUN and SC. Both radiography and ultrasonography was helpful for diagnosis of gastro intestinal disorders. The ultrasonography was a sensitive imaging technique for diagnosing hepatic affections; however, the sonographic diagnosis should be complimented with radiography and clinico-haematobiochemical studies. Radiography was useful for gross assessment of spleenic enlargement but it did not give the final diagnosis, while ultrasonography could be best exploited in spleenic disorders. For diagnosing urinary system disorders clinico-physiological symptoms, haematobiochemical profiles, radiography and ultrasonography were proved to be helpful. Pyometra was best diagnosed with ultrasonography and radiography. Radiography gave only a basic idea about prostatomegaly, while ultrasonography was more precise diagnostic tool, especially in examination of architecture of the prostate gland. For diagnosis of abdominal wall rupture and diaphragmatic hernia radiography was confirmative, but ultrasonography was felt appropriate to differentiate the hernial contents.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TOTAL INTRAVENOUS ANAESTHESIA WITH PROPOFOL AND KETAMINE IN ATROPINE AND XYLAZINE PREMEDICATED DOGS
    (AAU, 2016) SAIKIA, BASANTA; Sarma, K.K.
    The study was conducted in eighteen clinical cases of dogs of either sex. The animals were randomly divided into three groups with six animals in each group. Atropine sulphate @ 0.04mg/kg b.wt. i.m. and xylazine HCl @ 0.5mg/kg b.wt. i.m. route were administered as premedicants in all the three groups. In group-I, propofol @ 5mg/kg body weight, in group-II, ketamine @ 5mg/kg body weight and in group-III, ketofol @ 4mg/kg body weight was administered intravenously for induction after 15 minutes of preanaesthetic administration. Surgical anaesthesia was maintained for 90 minutes in all three groups viz. group-I, group-II and group-III with propofol @ 2.5mg/kg. b.w., ketamine @ 2.5mg/kg b.wt. and ketofol @ 2mg/kg b.wt. respectively by intermittent bolus injection ( IBI) technique. Clinical studies like induction time, quality of induction, duration of analgesia, degree of analgesia, duration of recumbency and quality of recovery showed better results in ketofol group than propofol and ketamine group. Physiological parameters like rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and spO2 were evaluated before administration of anaesthetic agent (0 minute) then at 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes during and after administration of anaesthetic agents. The heart rate initially increased and then decreased gradually towards pre-anaesthetic level in all the three groups. The respiratory rate initially decreased and then increased towards pre-anaesthetic level in all the three groups. Both diastolic pressure and systolic pressure remained in a comfortable zone in group-III animals whereas, high blood pressure was recorded in group-II animals and low blood pressure was recorded in group-I animals. Haemato-biochemical and hormonal changes were evaluated before administration of anaesthetic agent (0 minute) then at 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes during and after administration of anaesthetic agents. The all thee anaesthetic protocols did not bring about any drastic change in the haematological parameters. In all the three groups, group-I, group –II and group-III, initial significant declination was observed in Hb, PCV, TEC which steadily returned to the pre- anaesthetic level at the end of the observation. The values of TLC, neutrophils, lymphocyte, monocyte and eosinophil count did not register any significant change throughout the experiment in all three groups. In biochemical parameters significant increased glucose, BUN, creatinine ALT, AST and GGT values were recorded in all the groups in early phase of observation then showed a declining trend towards the pre- anaesthetic level at the end of the experiment. The magnitude of increasing trend of glucose was higher whereas increasing trend of creatinine, BUN, ALT, AST and GGT was lesser in group-III than group-I and group-II animals. In all the groups, the LDH, sodium and chloride values insignificantly increased but values were found to be within the physiological limits. A decrease in serum potassium level was observed in all the groups but these values were within normal physiological limit. In hormonal parameters significant increased cortisol values were recorded in all the groups The cortisol values in group-III animals also increased with time but the magnitude of these changes were least compared to group-I and group-II animals. In the present study, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) values showed a non-significant fluctuation trend within their physiological limits at different time interval of TIVA in all three groups. The cost of the anaesthesia was least only Rs. 4.68/kg in group-II followed by Rs. 8.30/kg in group-III animals. The cost of the anaesthesia was Rs. 20.02/kg in group-I animals which was found to be highest among the all three groups. Key words: Dog, Propofol, Ketamine, Ketofol, Xylazine, Atropine, TIVA