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Subject: Veterinary Public Health × Author: RALTE, LALLAWMZUALI × Start date: 2019 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF FOOD-BORNE BACTERIAL PATHOGENS IN SAUM, AN ETHNIC FOOD OF MIZORAM
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2020-01) RALTE, LALLAWMZUALI; Hussain, Poznur
    Saum (a fermented pork fat) is one of the most favourite ethnic foods of the Mizo society. Due to lack of documentation and scanty literature as well as the limited scientific knowledge on Saum, the present study was carried out for a period of two year from November 2017 to October, 2019 to collect baseline data on the usage of Saum, to study the bacteriological quality and to isolate, identify and detect important food-borne bacterial pathogens viz., Escherichia. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. and to study the antimicrobial resistance as well as to detect the virulence gene of the isolates in Saum by PCR. The study area was divided into three agro-climatic zones, viz., Humid Mild Tropical Hill Zone (Western zone); Humid Subtropical Hill Zone (Central zone) and Humid Temperate Sub-alpine Zone (Eastern zone). A total of 120 Saum samples collected and 120 questionnaires prepared comprising of 40 each (Saum samples and questionnaires) for each zones were sub-divided into 20 (household) and 20 (market) within each zones. The baseline data revealed that out of 120 respondents, the male and female ratio were 1:1 and majority were 40-59 years old (57.50%), educated up to matriculation (27.50%) with 45.00% Government servant. The families reared poultry (34.2%), pig (29.2%), cattle (2.5%) and goat (0.8%) and out of them 33.3% families reared livestock for business purposes. The homemade Saum was used by 57.5% families. Saum (once procured) were used more than 2 months (31.7%), 1 month (25.0%), 2 weeks (21.7%) and 1 week (21.7%) interval of time. Most of the families (74.17%) never mix old and new Saum. Mizo families used plastic sachets (38.3%), glass bottle (34.7%), bottle guard (23.3%) and steel container (3.3 %) for Saum. The families stored Saum at refrigerator (75.83%), near the fire (22.5 %) and under the sun (1.7%). The families took Saum directly (52.5% ) while 90.83 % families used Saum as seasoning for food and 70.8% families took same preparation of Saum more than once. Stomach pain was not recorded in 97.5% and absence of diarrhoea in 100% families due to Saum. Positive samples for coliform organisms and faecal streptococcal organisms were 65.00% and 72.5%, respectively. The overall acceptable Saum samples (m = 102 in 2 class plan) were 44.2% and 33.3%, in Coliform Count (CC) and Faecal Streptococcal Count (FSC), respectively. From all the three zones (n=20), the highest contaminated household and market were the Eastern zone household with mean value 1.82 ± 0.30 and 2.45 ± 0.18 log 10 cfu/g in CC and FSC and the Western zone Market with 2.16 ± 0.19 and 2.80 ± 0.09 log 10 cfu/g in CC and FSC, respectively. Overall (n=40) in three zones; the Central zone Saum samples was the lowest contaminated with 18% and 52.5% positive sample with mean value of 1.07 ± 0.18 and 1.09 ± 0.18 log 10 cfu/g in CC and FSC, respectively and the Western zone Saum sample was the highest contaminated zones with 35% positive each with mean value of 1.19 ± 0.15 and 2.23 ± 0.16 log 10 cfu/g for CC and FSC, respectively. Out of 120 Saum samples, 28, 34, 6 and 4 numbers of E. coli, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were isolated and detected with overall prevalence rate of 23.33%, 28.33%, 5 % and 3.33 % and the 95% Confidence Interval rate were 16%-31%, 20 % 20 %- 37 %, 0.9% 37 %, 0.9%37 %, 0.9% 37 %, 0.9% -8.3% 8.3% and 1.5and 1.5 and 1.5 - 10.6% , respectively. The highest resistance against ceftrioxone was showed by E. coli (42.86%) and S. aureus (82.35%) and 100% resistance was showed by Listeria monocytogenes against amikacin, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, kanamycin and nalidixic acid, and Salmonella spp. recovered showed 100% resistance against imipenem, nalidixic acid and tetracycline. The virulence genes of 5 est gene of E. coli, 21 sea genes of Staphylococcus aureus, 2 invA genes of Salmonella were detected in Saum sample.