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20161
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Subject: Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology × Author: KAFLE, ARJUN × Start date: 2000 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TOXIC POTENTIAL OF PROFENOFOS IN BROILER CHICKEN
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2016-07) KAFLE, ARJUN; Roy, D. C.
    The present investigation was undertaken to study the acute and subchronic toxicity of Profenofos in broiler chicken. A total of 30 numbers of broiler chickens were included in the experiment which were divided into 3 groups (Group A, B and C), each comprising 10 chickens. Group A birds served as acute toxicity group and were administered a single LD50 dose of Profenofos i.e., 16 mg/kg body weight orally while group B served as subchronic toxicity group and were administered dose of 1.6 mg/kg body eight orally daily for a period of 60 days. Group C served as control. For acute toxicity study, blood was collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours whereas blood was collected at weekly interval for subchronic toxicity study. In case of acute toxicity group, within 3 hours of Profenofos administration birds exhibited clinical signs which included depression, anorexia, diarrhea, gasping, excessive salivation, drooling, curved position and rigid stance with drooping of wings. Progressively the birds were unable to stand and sat on their hocks with curled toes followed by tremor, incordination, convulsions and death. However the signs observed in Group B were less pronounced except the birds exhibited sitting on hock posture, staggering gait, leg weakness, limb paresis and diarrhea were noticed in the latter part of the experiment. Curled toes were seen in some of the birds. The haematological parameters (Haemoglobin, Total Erythrocyte Count, Total Leucocyte Count and Heterophil) were significantly increased in both the treated groups compared to the control. However the level of lymphocyte was found to be decreased in both acute and subchronic toxicity group compared to the control group. Significant increase in serum enzyme activities (Alanine Amino Transferase, Aspartate Amino Transferase, Alkaline Phosphatase, Total Cholesterol and Uric acid) were observed in both the treated groups. However the level of Serum Cholinesterase was found to be significantly reduced in treated groups as compared to the control. On postmortem, gross changes on liver, kidney, lung, and brain were recorded and mostly included congestion, haemorrhage in lung, kidney and brain while distention of gall bladder was observed in the liver in both the groups. Histopathological study of liver showed congestion and infiltration of inflammatory cells, kidney revealed coagulative necrosis, hydropic degeneration and distention of the tubules. Mild congestion and haemorrhage were observed in the lung while the brain revealed congestion, neuronophagia and satellosis. The level of residue was assessed by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography technique in which the level of Profenofos was found to be maximum in brain in acute toxicity study while in subchronic toxicity, the liver was detected with the maximum residue. The level of residue was found to be least in muscle in both acute and subchronic toxicity studies. In acute toxicity study the concentration of Profenofos in brain showed MRL level (0.05μg/g) while in subchronic toxicity study the concentration detected were below the MRL in all the samples tested.