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Subject: Veterinary Anatomy and Histology × Start date: 2016 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    POST-NATAL DEVELOPMENT OF TONGUE, OESOPHAGUS AND PROVENTRICULUS OF PATI DUCK (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) OF ASSAM AT DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2021-12) DOGRA, TANU; Talukdar, Manmath
    North-East India is famous for rearing different breeds of ducks under traditional systems of management. Desi duck rearing plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the rural poor people of Assam. The study of the tongue, oesophagus and proventriculus of Pati duck of Assam is of great value in regard to the normal academic and biochemical research aspects. Since, there is scanty of literature on the Post-natal development of tongue, oesophagus and proventriculus of Pati duck, the present study is designed to establish anatomical norms on tongue, oesophagus and proventriculus with age. Twenty four healthy Pati ducks at 1st week, 8th week, 16th week and 24th week, irrespective of sex with each group having six birds were utilized to study the gross morphology, morphometry, histomorphology, histomorphometry and histochemical characteristics of tongue, oesophagus and proventriculus. Different hematological, biochemical and hormonal profiles of Pati duck of Assam were estimated accordingly. In the present study, gross morphology of tongue consisted of an apex, body with lingual prominence and a root. Rows of papillae were presented on the lateral borders of the body of tongue. Oesophagus was a tubular organ presented between pharynx and proventriculus. A fusiform expansion in the middle of oesophagus was observed in all the age groups. Proventriculus was tubular organ presented between oesophagus and gizzard. Morphometrical parameters like length, weight, width, thickness and diameter of the organ increased with the increase of age of Pati duck. Relative percentage length of organs with respect to body weight decreased with the increase of age. Relative percentage weight of the organs in terms of body weight was observed maximum in 8th week and decreased subsequently to 24th week of age of Pati duck. Histologically, tongue of the Pati duck consisted of stratified squamous epithelium. Intraepithelial taste buds were observed. Conical and filiform papillae were observed in all age groups of tongue. Histological sections of oesophagus and proventriculus revealed the presence of four layers. Lining epithelium of oesophagus was stratified squamous epithelium. Oesophageal glands were observed in the lamina propria of the tunica mucosa. Lining epithelium of proventriculus consisted of simple columnar epithelium. Tunica submucosa occupied major portion of proventricular wall and consisted of proventricular glands. Thickness of different layers of oesophagus and proventriculus increased with the increase of age. The width and depth of the proventricular glands also increased with the increase of age of Pati duck of Assam. Histochemical study revealed the presence of neutral, acid and sulphated mucopolysaccharides by Periodic Acid Schiff–Alcian blue in oesophageal glands, lining epithelium of proventriculus and in the papilla of the of proventricular glands. The epithelium of the tongue showed affinity towards Periodic Acid Schiff. Underlying connective tissue and entoglossum showed reaction towards Alcian blue. Neuroendocrine cells were observed in the proventriculus at 16th and 24th weeks of age of Pati duck of Assam. Biochemically, serum glucose, total protein and cholesterol level increased significantly with the increase of age. Haemological parameters like WBCs, PCV and Hb were significantly different at different age groups of Pati duck. However, no significant difference was observed in RBCs count at different age groups. Hormonal profiles of Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) decreased with the increase of age of Pati duck. Serum Cortisol level was observed to follow an irregular pattern with the increase of age which could be due to stress inducing external factors.