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Subject: Horticulture × Author: Gogoi, Bornali × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2013 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Morpho-biochemical characterization of Garcinia species of Assam
    (AAU, Jorhat, 2015) Gogoi, Bornali; Dr. R. P. Das
    An investigation was conducted during the period of 2012-14 to study the morpho-biochemical characterization of Garcinia species of Assam viz., Garcinia pedunculata Roxb, Garcinia cowa Roxb, Garcinia lanceaefolia Roxb and Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f. The morphological parameters of plant, floral biology and biochemical composition of fruits were studied in healthy, bearing trees of uniform age from five locations of Jorhat district viz., Bahek gaon (L1), Charaibahi (L2), Atila gaon (L3), Chotai (L4) and Borbheta (L5). The five districts of Assam i.e. Dibrugarh, Sivsagar, Jorhat, Golaghat and Nagaon were selected purposively for ethno-botanical survey of the selected species. The ethno-botanical study revealed that majority of people uses the fruits of all the four species for different purposes than the seed, leaf and bark. However, most of the people from the five districts used these Garcinia plant as a source of medicine and for some social customs. Non significant difference was found in plant height of each species. However, plant height of G. pedunculata is highest (22.40 m) among the four species in which flowering occurs twice in a year i.e. once at last week of October to first week of November and another at last week of April to first week of May. Whereas in other species flowering occurred only once in a year. Duration of flowering was almost same in all the species and the maximum (52 days) was observed in G. xanthochymus and the minimum (42 days) was recorded in G. lanceaefolia. Anthesis took place early in the morning in all the species and the time period was from 1.00 A.M. to 6.00 A.M. Wide variations were observed in fruit weight and volume. The G. pedunculata exhibited highest (620.80 g) fruit weight whereas G. lanceaefolia exhibited lowest (22.51 g) fruit weight. In respect of number of seeds per fruit G. pedunculata had 9.35 numbers of seed whereas G. xanthochymus showed 2.50 numbers of seed. The moisture content was found to be highest (92.91%) in G. cowa and ascorbic acid content ranges from 35.37mg/100 g to 88.92 mg/100g and the highest was found in G. pedunculata and the lowest in G. lanceaefolia respectively. The total phenol content was highest (3.68%) in G.xanthochymus the lowest (1.89%) was recorded in G.cowa whereas total ash content was found highest (2.18%) in G. lanceaefolia. Reducing sugar content of all the four species were found to be in a lower range and no significant difference was observed among the locations of each species in terms of total carbohydrate and energy value. Total carbohydrate ranges from 50.75 per cent to 57.90 per cent and energy value ranges from 224.57Kcal/100 g to 245.49 Kcal/100 g, respectively. On the other hand total antioxidant activity was recorded to be highest in G. xanthochymus (9.45%) and the lowest (5.22%) was recorded in G. lanceaefolia. However, HCA content was highest in G. cowa (1.48%). Karyotype study revealed that chromosome number of G. pedunculata, G. cowa and G. lanceaefolia was found to be 2n=48 whereas G. xanthochymus had 2n=72 numbers of chromosome. The biochemical analysis of the present study will help to enrich diet formulations and nutraceuticals. The karyotype analysis and morphological study gives a scope for genetic assessment and breeding due to the presence of variability in different characters.