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Open Access
KNOWLEDGE OF TEACHERS OF JORHAT DISTRICT OF ASSAM REGARDING DIABETES MELLITUS
(2017) Tatak, Lalak; Sarmah, Juliana
The present research study entitled ‘Knowledge of teachers of Jorhat district of Assam regarding diabetes mellitus’ was conducted in Jorhat district of Assam. The objectives of the study were i) to study the back ground profile of respondents, ii) to assess the knowledge of respondents regarding some facts of diabetes and iii) to gather information on indigenous remedial measures for diabetes. All the provincialised colleges of Jorhat sub-division were considered for the study. Fifty per cent of the total teachers of each college were the respondents of the present study, thus, totalling 204 teachers. Nearly 34 per cent of respondents belonged to age group 47-57 years. Majority of respondents (58.80 per cent) were female. Large majority of respondents (78.43 per cent) were married. Majority of respondents (58.80 per cent) belonged to arts discipline. Large majority (74.00 per cent) of respondents belonged to nuclear family. Large majority (71.60 per cent) of respondents belonged to small family. Nearly 42 per cent respondents had working experience of 1-10 years. Nearly 95 per cent respondents did not suffer from diabetes mellitus. Nearly 77 per cent of respondents checked their blood sugar level. Majority (66.18 per cent) of respondents did not have family member suffering from diabetes mellitus. Majority of respondents did not have doctor (63.20 per cent), nutritionist and dietician (91.20 per cent) in their family, friends and relatives. The study also reveals that 71.60 per cent of respondents did not attend any talk or discussion on diabetes mellitus and 83.30 per cent did not have membership in any organization. Majority of the respondents that is 64 per cent had medium level of mass media exposure. More than 69 per cent of respondents had medium level of knowledge on each aspect namely basic of diabetes, its causative factors and symptoms, diet and habits to be maintained in diabetes mellitus with higher percentage in high level on diet in diabetes mellitus. On college wise distribution of knowledge, more than 70 per cent of respondents from all the colleges had medium level of knowledge on diabetes mellitus. More than 65 per cent of respondents from all the colleges had medium level of knowledge on basic of diabetes mellitus. More than 55 per cent of respondents from all the colleges had medium level of knowledge on causative factors and symptom of diabetes mellitus. More than 55 per cent of respondents from all the colleges had medium level of knowledge on diet in diabetes mellitus. More than 50 per cent of respondents from all the colleges had medium level of knowledge on habits to be maintained in diabetes mellitus. Both male and female respondents had nearly equal percentage in all the level that is low, medium and high level of knowledge on diabetes mellitus. According to discipline (that is Science, Arts and Commerce) more than 70 per cent of respondents had medium level of knowledge on diabetes mellitus. Respondents from science discipline had higher percentage of knowledge on diabetes mellitus. Highest percentage of respondents had medium level of knowledge on diabetes as a whole. It was also evident from the findings that there were significant association between knowledge of the respondents with age, checking of blood sugar level and presence of nutritionist/dietician in their family, friends and relatives. There was also highly significant association between knowledge of respondents with their mass media exposure. The respondents under study suggested some plants sources as remedial measures for diabetes mellitus. Higher percentage of respondents suggested neem, methi, nayantara and chirata as remedial measures for diabetes mellitus. Respondents also suggested some healthy lifestyle to be followed as remedial measures of diabetes mellitus. Higher percentage of respondents suggested ‘cutting down of sugar intake’, ‘physical exercise’, ‘checking of blood sugar level’ and walking as remedial measures for diabetes mellitus.
Open Access
INVOLVEMENT OF RURAL WOMEN IN SELECTED FARM AND NON FARM ACTIVITIES FOR THEIR HOUSEHOLD LIVELIHOOD SECURITY
(2017) CHETIA, QUEEN; Dutta Das, Manju
The present study entitled “Involvement of rural women in selected farm and non farm activities for their household livelihood security” was conducted in the Jorhat district of Assam. Eight (8) villages were selected from Jorhat and Titabor sub division using purposive sampling method. A total of 120 rural women were selected randomly using simple random sampling method. Personal interview method was applied for the collection of primary data. Data were analysed by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of correlation. It has been observed that rural women were found to be performed in both the farm and non farm activities as well as domestic activities. Cent per cent of the rural women involved in the farm activities such as transplanting, harvesting, winnowing and non farm activities like traditional snacks preparations (94.16%), in weaving (60.00%), pickle making (55.00%). The study also showed that very less number of rural women in the sampled villages took decision independently in different farm and non farm activities. The rural women spent most of their time in family food preparation and farm related activities. When they performed various farm and non farm activities they faced some problems such as lack of scientific knowledge, attack crops by pests/ insects, high cost of inputs. The role of women extends way to beyond home and bringing up children. Women have to perform the dual role of housewife and wage earner. Both roles made heavy demands on women’s time and energy. Economic pressure is forcing them to break away their traditional roles of housewives into farm and non-farm labourers. In this present study women contributions in selected farm and non farm activities is more prominent. The findings of the study suggested that there is a need to impart training to these women in order to strengthen the knowledge about farm and non farm activities. In order to improve women’s work efficiency, Govt. and Extension worker should plan and execute need based training programmes. Rural women have increased their participation in economic activities. Through involvement in farm and non farm activities rural women have been able to increase their consciousness and economic levels, and thereby making a significant contribution to the well-being of the family. Ultimately, they have been able to break the cycle of poverty. Therefore, involvement of rural women in farm and non farm activities has been a key factor for poverty reduction in rural areas of India.
Open Access
ATTRIBUTES DEVELOPED AMONG STUDENTS THROUGH HOME SCIENCE EDUCATION AND THEIR EXPECTATIONS FOR GAINFUL EMPLOYMENT
(AAU, Jorhat, 2017) Sangma, Nikrachi Ch.; Hazarika, Daisy
The present investigation was conducted to study the “Attributes developed among students through Home Science education and their expectations for gainful employment” was undertaken during the period 2016-2017. The study was undertaken with the following objectives: (1) To study the background profile of the respondents, (2) To explore acquired attributes perceived by the respondents, (3) To identify the expectations of the respondents for gainful employment. The study was conducted in College of Home Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. College of Home Science was purposively selected for the present study. The respondents were selected from both under graduate and post graduate classes. Barring the first year and second year students a total 135 students were found, from which fifteen students were excluded for pre-testing. Thus a total of 120 students were the population of the present study. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire prepared by the researcher. Collected data were analyzed by applying frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and chi square test. The findings of the study revealed that a large percentage (51.66%) of the respondents belonged to age group of 23-26 years and 87.50 per cent of the respondents were female. Majority (96.66%) of the respondents were from North East region and large percentage (43.33%) of the respondents was from B.Sc. degree programme. Large percentage (45.00%) of the respondents was secured marks between 55-68 per cent in 10th standard and large percentage (72.50%) of the respondents secured marks between 62-75 per cent in 12th standard whereas large percentage (47.05%) of the respondents secured marks between 78-87 per cent in B.Sc and large percentage (40.90%) of the respondents secured marks between 79-87 per cent in M.Sc. Entire respondents belonged to nuclear family and large percentage (63.33%) of the respondents were from small family. Large percentage (50.00%) of the respondents’ father was graduated whereas large percentage (50.83%) of the respondents’ mother was HSLC/HS passed. Large percentage (77.50%) of the respondents’ father occupation was government service whereas large percentage (55.00%) of the respondents’ mother was mainly engaged in household activity. A large percentage (45.00%) of the respondents’ family income was Rs 36001 – 50000. Majority (95.00%) of the respondents were unmarried and small percentage (5.00%) of the respondents was married. Majority (40.83%) of the respondents belonged to general caste and large percentage (70.00%) of the respondents belonged to Hindu religion. Large percentage (48.33%) of the respondents was brought up in urban areas and majority (56.66%) of the respondents went to English medium school. Large percentage (54.16%) of the respondents had leadership position in various capacities during their school days of which huge percentage (47.69%) had were member of union body. It is envy to know that large percentage (80.83%) of the respondents is aware of job prospectus in Home Science discipline. Majority (92.50%) of the respondents were access to internet and library facilities. Entire respondents of Home Science College seek help when they need for any circumstances and also entire respondents had some or other kind of involvement in group activities whether it’s a small or big issue. It is encouraging that large percentage (62.50%) of the respondents would like to become an entrepreneur after their graduation in Home Science education whereas entire respondents had perceived several qualities through their course of study in Home Science education like psychological, knowledge and skills, management, social, abilities and some special skills. It is observed from the ranking of findings of the present study that the attributes perceived by the respondents were responsible for the work, deep thinking on the subjects, thorough awareness of the subjects in Home Science, skill of writing report after a field visit, emphasizing concept learning before memorising, planning and organising work systematically, behaving properly with teachers, seniors, friends and strangers, respecting and valuing different cultures, customs of various region, motivation skill, listening skill, ability to manage own work, ability to work in team, ability to obtain and process data in computer. It is very encouraging to see that overall acquired attributes perceived by the respondents was medium (65.00%). After attaining multiple of qualities, skills, knowledge and abilities respondents had rank their expectation for gainful employment were more number of job opportunities in Home Science education like other field of professional courses and graduating students should be exposed to world class lecture series to develop their soft skills, Home Science subjects should be eligible in every competitive examination, college authority should link with successful company to take up their students for internship programme, college authority should act as strong motivational force to inspire students for various enterprises. A significant association was found between personal qualities with sex, percentage secured in 10th standard, percentage secured in 12th standard, place of brought up. Association was also found between special skills with sex, percentage secured in 10th standard, percentage secured in 12th standard, place of brought up.
Open Access
WOMEN’S ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION IN JAPI (TRADITIONAL HEADGEAR) MAKING INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF NALBARI DISTRICT, ASSAM
(AAU, Jorhat, 2017-07) Kalita, Kangkana; Borah, Ruplekha
Women play an important role in different home based cottage industry and other traditional art and crafts. In Assam, Japi making is a traditional household industry (The telegraph, April 21, 2006). The rural people of Assam also had a long tradition of doing various economic and productive activities out of which “Japi making cluster” is noteworthy. Women are involved in Japi making industry for income generation. The Japi making industry is one of the most important among the cottage industries in Assam which has a glorious past from the time immemorial. The present study was carried out to study the Women’s economic contribution in Japi (Traditional Headgear) making industry: A case study of Nalbari District, Assam. The main objectives of the study were: a) To study the demographic profile of the selected households. b) To find out the extent of family members’ participation in household Japi making industry. c) To determine the economic contribution of women in the selected handicraft industry. d) To document case studies of successful entrepreneurs.A purposive cum proportionate sampling design was adopted to carry out the study. Based on highest concentration of Japi making households the Pub Nalbari Block was considered for the study from which two villages viz., Mugkushi and Sutarkushi were selected purposively. Total number of Japi making households in the selected villages was found to be 400. By following proportionate random sampling technique a total of 120 households were selected for the study. For the purpose of collection of primary data and other relevant information, a schedule was designed for the study and primary data were collected from the respondents by interviewing them personally. The findings of the study depicts that women give a considerable contribution in Japi making industry. Rural women participate in a broad range of activities in Japi making industry such as preparation of required materials, decoration, stitching and pasting. The participation of women in Japi making industry is higher as compared to male members. For large size Japi, the female labour recorded the higher share (66.24%) of total man days as compared to medium size Japi (43.47%). It is interesting to note that benefit cost ratio in Japi making was found to be 1.23 on an average Japi making farm. It is worth mentioning that in the sample households over all women’s economic contribution in Japi making was found to be 24.04 per cent. It is envisaged that if the workstation is improved and training on new design can be imparted among the women folk, Japi making can emerge as the most important industry for increasing the contribution of women of annual income .Further it will help Japi making industry to be more popular and flourished all over India. Skill development training on Japi making with improved modern technologies/tools may be popularized among youth across the state with could be taken up as a vocation to earn a respectable livelihood or may be opted for setting up an enterprise.
Open Access
WOMEN’S ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION IN JAPI (TRADITIONAL HEADGEAR) MAKING INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF NALBARI DISTRICT, ASSAM
(AAU, Jorhat, 2017-07) Kalita, Kangkana; Borah, Ruplekha
Women play an important role in different home based cottage industry and other traditional art and crafts. In Assam, Japi making is a traditional household industry (The telegraph, April 21, 2006). The rural people of Assam also had a long tradition of doing various economic and productive activities out of which “Japi making cluster” is noteworthy. Women are involved in Japi making industry for income generation. The Japi making industry is one of the most important among the cottage industries in Assam which has a glorious past from the time immemorial. The present study was carried out to study the Women’s economic contribution in Japi (Traditional Headgear) making industry: A case study of Nalbari District, Assam. The main objectives of the study were: a) To study the demographic profile of the selected households. b) To find out the extent of family members’ participation in household Japi making industry. c) To determine the economic contribution of women in the selected handicraft industry. d) To document case studies of successful entrepreneurs.A purposive cum proportionate sampling design was adopted to carry out the study. Based on highest concentration of Japi making households the Pub Nalbari Block was considered for the study from which two villages viz., Mugkushi and Sutarkushi were selected purposively. Total number of Japi making households in the selected villages was found to be 400. By following proportionate random sampling technique a total of 120 households were selected for the study. For the purpose of collection of primary data and other relevant information, a schedule was designed for the study and primary data were collected from the respondents by interviewing them personally. The findings of the study depicts that women give a considerable contribution in Japi making industry. Rural women participate in a broad range of activities in Japi making industry such as preparation of required materials, decoration, stitching and pasting. The participation of women in Japi making industry is higher as compared to male members. For large size Japi, the female labour recorded the higher share (66.24%) of total man days as compared to medium size Japi (43.47%). It is interesting to note that benefit cost ratio in Japi making was found to be 1.23 on an average Japi making farm. It is worth mentioning that in the sample households over all women’s economic contribution in Japi making was found to be 24.04 per cent. It is envisaged that if the workstation is improved and training on new design can be imparted among the women folk, Japi making can emerge as the most important industry for increasing the contribution of women of annual income .Further it will help Japi making industry to be more popular and flourished all over India. Skill development training on Japi making with improved modern technologies/tools may be popularized among youth across the state with could be taken up as a vocation to earn a respectable livelihood or may be opted for setting up an enterprise.
Open Access
CAPACITY BUILDING OF RURAL WOMEN IN HOMESTEAD GARDEN FOR SUSTAINABLE HORTICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
(AAU, Jorhat, 2017-07) Gogoi, Pritimoni; Dutta Das, Manju
The present investigation on capacity building of rural women in homestead garden for sustainable horticultural development was carried out in two agro-climatic zones of Assam. A multi stage purposive cum simple random sampling design was followed for selection of sample. One district from each zone namely Sivasagar district of Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone and Kamrup (R) district of Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone were selected randomly. Total 300 rural women from 12 villages of the selected zones and who were mostly engaged in fruits and vegetable cultivation were selected as respondents for the present study. Data collection was done by using structured interview schedules. The study revealed that majority of the rural women (54.00 %) were of middle aged group, married (87.67%), educated upto middle school level(54.32%), had farming as their main occupation (67.25%), had less than 1 hectares of cultivable land (70.33 %), had more membership in group organizations (65.81 %), had poor contact with extension personnel (87.33%) , took agricultural advice from friends and neighbours (58.10%), had not attended any intervention programme (57.62%). Among the rural women who had attended intervention programme earlier, majority 85.03 percent attended on the aspect piggery. Majority of the rural women had independent participation in selected farm and non-farm activities such as transplanting and weeding (79.02%), weeding (66.00%), cooking (65.66%) and weaving (69.67%). Majority (74.67 %) of rural women took independent decision on amount of food to be kept for consumption, preservation of fruits and vegetables (41.00 %) and weaving (73.64%). Majority of rural women had low level of knowledge in aspects like nursery raising (76.30%), land preparation (67.00%), production practices (80.00%) and plant protection (52.70%). The problems faced by rural women in participating in different horticultural activities which got first ranks in their respective categories of problem were lack of irrigation facility, growth retardation of plants due to higher weed growth, high cost of labour, lack of proper training, household workload and natural calamities. The outcome of the intervention programmes indicated that there were changes in knowledge gain and retention in rural women and technology adoption behavior. The knowledge retention by rural women in three aspects of production technologies of fruit and vegetable crops namely plant protection, nutritional management and land preparation were given first, second and third ranks after analysis. In case technology adoption, aspects plant protection measures, nutrient management and nursery raising practices got the first, second and third ranks respectively.
Open Access
AN ANALYSIS OF WORK EDUCATION PROGRAMME UNDER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM OF ASSAM
(AAU, Jorhat, 2016-07) Saikia, Bisnupriya; Hazarika, Daisy
Work Education is the pedagogic medium which integrates different need based productive cum economic activities and community service programmes in school curriculum from preschool to senior secondary stage. The goal of education is to bring all-round development of human being which is best possible by inclusion of work education programme in school curriculum. But work education is considered as extracurricular and being neglected in majority of the schools in Assam. Hence the present study was undertaken to explore systematically the existing status of implementation of work education curriculum and various factors affecting proper functioning of work education programme in elementary schools of Assam and also planned to develop a model for effective implementation of work education programme in elementary schools. The present study was carried out in three district of Assam namely: Dibrugarh, Jorhat and Marigaon. Three blocks from each district were selected randomly and from three educational block of each district, fifty (50) upper primary schools were selected. Two respondents (the head master and the teacher concerned) from each fifty selected schools from each district comprised of 100 respondents and finally the total of 300 respondents from the three districts of Assam constitute the sampled respondents of the study. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the schools (99.30%) were fulfilled the minimum norms of ‘Right to children for free and compulsory education Act’ 2009 (RTE, 2009) in terms of numbers of teachers (one teacher for each class i.e. 3) and teacher pupil ratio (1:35) for upper primary school (96.00%).The percentage of professionally trained teachers in the sampled schools were only 36.78 percent . The study highlighted that the highest percentage (44.15%) of students were from the family having daily wage earning as a means of livelihood and 54.97 per cent students in the sampled schools were girls. About 83.30 per cent schools have pucca building, and on the other hand, permanent boundary wall was found in 26.00 percent only. It is revealed from the study that the schools did not posses any equipment necessary for productive activities other than cleaning equipment (jharu, barhoni kor, Pasi) and cooking utensils for mid day meal. It is noted that a large majority of the teachers (73.30%) used to collect different products at the time of examination for work education which violets the principles of work education. A large majority of the schools (86.00%) had separate periods for work education in their class routine and the rest (14.00%) did not have the provision of work education period in their class routine. Another important aspects observed in the responses of the teachers that all the activities (Total=73) under different areas of work education covered by the study were found to be important for the student of upper primary classes with programme important score (PIS ≥1). But the percentage of implementation was found very low. Lack of fund, lack of proper guide book on work education, lack of necessary equipment, lack of boundary wall, lack of laboratory, lack of awareness among parents were the major problems as expressed by the teacher for which the work education was not being implemented in the schools. While considering the knowledge and attitude of teachers it was found that high level of knowledge was found only in 9.70 per cent and a large percentage (59.00%) of the teachers were found to have unfavourable attitude towards work education programme. The study revealed that the training of teacher and level of importance showed highly significant relationship (r=0.202), which indicate that the teachers with professional training found to have high level of importance in comparison to untrained teachers. Teaching experience and problems of teachers was found to have a negative and highly significant correlation with (r= ─0.142), which means that teachers with longer period of teaching experience have faced less problems in implementing work education programme in their school. Again, teachers’ knowledge and implementation of work education programme have shown positive and highly significant correlation (r=0.206). This relationship indicates that teachers’ knowledge has a pronounced influence on implementation of work education programme. The model of Work Education showed effective and proved that special training and exposure is essential for developing knowledge, skill and attitude of teachers which builds confidence to carry out any innovative programme in schools.
Open Access
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION IN ASSAM- AN ANALYSIS FOR RURAL HEALTH UPLIFTMENT
(AAU, Jorhat, 2017-07) Borgohain, Shyamalima; Sarmah, Juliana
The study entitled “Environmental Sanitation in Assam- An Analysis for rural health upliftment” was undertaken with the objectives: i) To explore the institutional arrangement of government on environmental sanitation, ii) To assess existing knowledge and practices of rural women regarding environmental sanitation, iii) To identify the problems faced by the rural women in adopting different governmental measures for environmental sanitation, iv) To explore the problems faced by the field functionaries in proper implementation of the governmental measures for environmental sanitation and v) To find out suggestions from the field functionaries for proper functioning and improvement of the environmental sanitation programme. The present study was conducted in Jorhat and Sivasagar district of Assam. Purposive cum simple random sampling method was adopted for selecting the sample of 360 rural women as respondents. Field functionaries of Public Health Engineering Dept. (PHED) and also contractual functionaries of Swachh Bharat Mission- Gramin (SBM-G) of both Jorhat and Sivasagar district were selected as another set of respondents for the present study to explore theproblems faced by the field functionaries in proper implementation of the governmental measures for environmental sanitation. Both primary and secondary data were collected for the present study. Secondary data was collected to explore the institutional arrangement of government on environmental sanitation. Primary data was collected through scale developed by the researcher, interview schedule and questionnaire. The study revealed that the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS) is the nodal ministry for the overall policy, planning, funding and coordination of programs of environmental sanitation in the country. The key programs of the Ministry providing thrust to the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS) sector are the National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) and the Swachh Bharat Mission- Gramin (SBM-G) which were implemented in Assam by the nodal department Public Health and Engineering Department (PHED). Both National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) and Swach Bharat Mission –G has a 5-tier structure at the National, State level, District level, Block level and Gram Panchayat (GP) level with definite roles and responsibilities at each level. The study also revealed that majority of the rural women (48.10%) belonged to the middle age group, 88.90 per cent were married and majority of the respondents (65.80%) had marginal land holding. Majority of the respondents had education up to high school level (34.16%). Only 2.5% rural women had pucca house and cent per cent of rural women had low cost latrine at their houses. Source of drinking water of majority of the respondents (41.11%) was piped water supply from a public source. Farming was the main occupation of head of the family for 47.50 per cent of rural women. Majority of the rural women (75.3%) were from nuclear family and 33.61 per cent rural women had no membership in any organization. The findings also highlighted that majority of the rural women belonged to medium socio-economic status (65.84%). Data also revealed that the majority of the rural women (70.00%) had medium level of knowledge and also majority of the rural women (64.44%) had moderate level of practice regarding environmental sanitation. Lack of systematic approach to the family was ranked as I problem by the rural women in adopting low cost latrine as a governmental measure for environmental sanitation. Field functionaries under environmental sanitation programme namely Assistant Engineer, Junior Engineer of PHED and District consultants, Block resource coordinators, cluster resource coordinators faced different problems while implementing the programme for the beneficiaries among which the problems related to finance were found as moderate and severe by both permanent and contractual functionaries respectively. ‘Less involvement of PRI members’ was expressed as moderate problem by both permanent and contractual functionaries under problems related to management. ‘Lack of proper vehicle’ under Infrastructure Problems was also expressed as moderate problem by both permanent and contractual functionaries. ‘Awareness generation and demand creation at community level for access to safe drinking water and sanitary toilet through use of mass media’ and ‘Behavioural change among community through motivational programme should get first priority than mere construction of toilet’ was suggested by all the functionaries for proper functioning and improvement of the environmental sanitation programme.
Open Access
Economic Empowerment of Rural Women of Assam through Agro-based Enterprises
(AAU, 2016) Bharali, Rulima; Dr Manju Dutta Das
The present investigation on economic empowerment of rural women of Assam through agro-based enterprises was carried out in three agro climatic zones. A multi stage purposive cum simple random sampling design was followed for sample selection. Two districts from each zone, namely Jorhat and Dibrugarh of Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone, Udalguri and Darrang from North Bank Plain Zone and Kamrup (M) and Kamrup (R) of Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone were selected randomly. All total 240 rural women from 24 villages of selected zones and who were mostly engaged in both vegetable cultivation and livestock rearing were included as respondents for the present study. Data collection was done by using structured interview schedule. The study revealed that majority of the rural women (52.92%) were of middle aged group, married (70.83%) and belonged to middle socio economic status (54.17%) group. Most of the rural women were involved independently in post harvest activities like cleaning and grading of harvested crop (88.33%), collection of seed from harvested crop (83.33%), transplanting, planting and sowing of seeds (74.76%) and application of manure (64.16%). Further they participated independently in different livestock activities such as providing daily feed (82.08%), cleaning of shed (79.16%), care of sick animal (74.58%) and taking care in vaccination of livestock (70.83%). Majority of the rural women had low level of knowledge in vegetable cultivation (44.32%) whereas 40.45% and 15.23% had medium and high level of knowledge respectively. In rearing of livestock majority of the rural women (42.77%) had medium level of knowledge followed by 39.49% and 17.74% had low and high level of knowledge. The major inhibiting factors which hampered in carrying out the agrobased enterprises were lack of technical person for immediate help and solution(2.56), weak marketing linkage(2.55) and sudden outbreak of diseases(2.53). Study also revealed that the agricultural projects planned and working on PPP mode for benefit of rural women increased their economic standard gradually. The five strategic options were drawn by introducing SWOC matrix analysis, namely i) provide specific training on the demand of the entrepreneurs on selected enterprises. ii) continuous assistance from extension personnel about production process and production management iii) develop linkages with input suppliers and markets iv) access to current and reliable market information and v) ensuring easy availability of low cost high yielding breed/variety.

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