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20191
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Subject: Animal Genetics and Breeding × Author: PANIGRAHI, SUBHASHREE × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF GHUMUSARI AND RAIGHAR GOATS OF ODISHA
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2019-07) PANIGRAHI, SUBHASHREE; DAS, BULA
    The present study was conducted to characterize two indigenous goat population of Odisha viz. the Ghumusari and the Raighar. Data were collected through field survey from the breeding tracts of these two varieties. Objectives of the investigation were to study some of the important morphometric traits, certain important traits of growth and reproduction and polymorphism of IGF1 gene. Records were obtained from 859 animals for coat colour, 216 animals for ear length and horn measurements, 375 animals for body measurements and growth traits and 272 animals for reproductive traits in Ghumusari goat. For Raighar goat, the corresponding number of animals for these traits were 667, 314, 394 and 338. Polymorphism of IGF1 gene was investigated on 50 animals from each of these two goat populations of Odisha. Coat colour was found to be predominantly black (66.13 per cent) in Ghumusari and deep brown (74.52 per cent) in Raighar. The overall least-squares means for ear length, horn length, horn circumference at base, space between two horns at base and the space between two horns at tip were 12.570±0.06, 5.111±0.03, 6.584±0.03, 4.598±0.03 and 9.778±0.03 cm respectively in Ghumusari. In Raighar goat, the respective values for these traits were 13.004±0.02, 5.243±0.02, 6.337±0.02, 2.986±0.02 and 10.440±0.03 cm. The LSM for body length at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were 27.069±0.10, 40.755±0.09, 46.282±0.11, 51.084±0.13 and 54.842±0.15 cm respectively in Ghumusari. The corresponding values for these traits were found to be 26.027±0.10, 45.545±0.13, 50.066±0.12, 53.852±0.15 and 55.887±0.14 cm in Raighar. Location had significant effect on body length at 9 months, season of birth at 12 months, and parity at 6 months of age in Raighar goat. Body length was significantly higher in males than in females at birth, 3 and 6 months of age in Ghumusari, and at 3 and 9 months of age in Raighar. Among the birth types, singlets had significantly higher body length at 3 months in Ghumusari, and at 6, 9 and 12 months of age in Raighar. The overall LSM for height at withers at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were 27.648±0.12, 42.048±0.09, 47.929±0.14, 52.380±0.15 and 54.678± 0.18 cm respectively in Ghumusari; and 27.591±0.13, 46.548±0.12, 52.882±0.15, 53.628±0.14 and 54.858±0.19 cm respectively in Raighar. Significant effect of parity at birth, sex at 3, 6, 9 months and type of birth at all the age groups was observed in both the populations. Raighar goat of Nuapada district showed significantly higher height at withers at birth, 6 and 9 months of age compared to those of Kalahandi and Nabarangpur districts. The overall LSM for heart girth at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were 25.346±0.09, 41.606±0.09, 47.701±0.15, 51.397±0.15 and 54.105±0.17 cm respectively in Ghumusari. The respective values were found to be 26.713±0.12, 46.273±0.17, 51.061±0.15, 54.612±0.15 and 58.540±0.16 cm in Raighar. Location (district) exhibited significant effect on heart girth at 6 and 9 months in Ghumusari and at 6 months of age in Raighar. Significant effect of parity at birth and birth type was found in Raighar goat at 3 months of age. The overall LSM for paunch girth at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were 26.866±0.09, 44.747±0.14, 49.333±0.16, 55.748±0.17 and 57.105±0.17cm respectively in Ghumusari. In Raighar goat, the corresponding values were found to be 28.101±0.09, 52.097±0.16, 53.791±0.16, 58.457±0.17 and 59.938±0.15 cm. The effect of parity and birth type at 3 months and sex at 10 birth, 3, 12 months of age were observed in Ghumusari. Location influenced paunch girth significantly at 3 months, birth type at 12 months and sex at 12 months of age in Raighar goat. The overall LSM for body weight at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were found to be 1.294±0.02, 6.376±0.04, 11.491±0.06, 14.597±0.06 and 16.630±0.09 kg respectively in Ghumusari goat, the respective values being 1.485±0.02, 6.432±0.04, 11.520±0.06, 14.739±0.06 and 16.668±0.09 kg in Raighar goat. In Ghumusari goat, with regard to body weight at all the ages, location and season of kidding showed non-significant effect. Parity at 3 months, sex and birth type at all the ages exerted significant effect on this trait. In Raighar goat, significant effect of location and sex at 3, 6, 9, 12 months of age; parity and birth type at all the ages; and season of kidding at 12 months of age for this trait was noted. The overall LSM for age at sexual maturity, weight at sexual maturity, age at first kidding, weight at first kidding, kid size at birth, kidding interval, gestation period and service period in Ghumusari were found to be 204.52±1.02 days, 11.64±0.05 kg, 375.49±1.18 days, 16.68±0.06 kg, 1.51 ± 0.03, 241.79±1.72 days, 148.09±0.13 days and 93.78±1.71 days respectively. For Raighar goat, these values were respectively 292.32±1.07 days, 14.63±0.05 kg, 456.66±1.22 days, 17.01±0.06 kg, 1.45 ± 0.03, 234.15±1.61 days, 147.67 ± 0.12 days and 86.65±1.60 days. In Ghumusari goat, kid size at birth was significantly affected by season of kidding. Parity had significant influence on age at sexual maturity, weight at sexual maturity, age at first kidding, weight at first kidding and kid size at birth. In Raighar goat, location had significant effect on age at sexual maturity, kidding interval and service period. Season of kidding exerted significant effect on age at sexual maturity, weight at sexual maturity, age at first kidding, weight at first kidding, kid size at birth, gestation period, and parity on weight at sexual maturity, kid size at birth, kidding interval and service period in this goat variety. The PCR-RFLP analysis was used to identify the variants in IGF1 gene based on the variants produced by digestion of 505 bp amplified product with HaeIII restriction enzyme. On restriction digestion, the 505 bp amplicon produced 4 fragments of 333, 234, 172 and 99 bp. The PCR-RFLP studies on IGF1 gene in both Ghumusari and Raighar goats of Odisha using HaeIII restriction enzyme revealed three banding patterns, arbitrarily designated as AA, AB and BB genotypes. Out of these, AA genotype yielded two fragments ( 333, 172 bp ), AB genotype yielded four fragments ( 333, 234, 172, 99 bp ), and BB genotype yielded three fragments ( 234, 172, 99 bp ). In Ghumusari goats, the frequencies of AA, AB and BB genotypes were 0.28, 0.32 and 0.4 respectively, and the frequencies of ‘A’ and ‘B’ alleles were 0.44 and 0.56 respectively. In Raighar goat, the frequencies of AA, AB and BB genotypes were 0.1, 0.5 and 0.4 respectively, and the frequencies of ‘A’ and ‘B’ alleles were 0.35 and 0.65 respectively. In the present study, the results showed polymorphic banding patterns in both the goat populations with respect to IGF1 gene. Chi-Square (χ2) test revealed that the population under study was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. HaeIII restriction site was detected at 171th position of a total 505 bp by partial sequencing. The sequence alignment of the samples detected an SNP at 405th position with nucleotide transversion from G to C. Based on the uniformity in their productive and reproductive performances both the population are potent to be recognized as breed.