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Subject: Agronomy × Author: Begum, Mahima × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of bud chip seedlings under integrated nutrient management in autumn planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
    (2021) Begum, Mahima; Ojha, N. J.
    A field experiment entitled “Performance of bud chip seedlings under different integrated nutrient management practices in autumn planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)” was conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Buralikson, Assam for two consecutive years 2017-18 and 2018-19. The experiment consisted of three crop establishment techniques in main plot viz., M1: Conventional method of planting M2: Planting of bud chip seedling at 90 cm x 60 cm, M3: Planting of bud chip seedling at 120 cm x 60 cm and five integrated nutrient management practices under sub plot viz., F1: 100 % RDF, F2: 100 % RDF + vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 + green manuring (cowpea incorporation) + biofertilizers @ 10 kg ha-1 F3: 100 % RDF + enriched compost @ 1 t ha-1 + green manuring (cowpea incorporation), N4: 75 % RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 + green manuring (cowpea incorporation) + biofertilizers @ 10 kg ha-1 and F5: 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + enriched compost @ 1 t ha-1 + green manuring (cowpea incorporation). The treatments were laid out in split plot design and replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction (pH 5.46 and 5.48) and medium in organic carbon content (0.71 and 0.68%) and available K2O (194.33 and 187.66 kg ha-1), low in available N (231.42 and 226.77 kg ha-1) and P2O5 (19.28 and 18.64 kg ha-1) during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively. Experimental findings revealed that the most of the plant growth parameters were significantly affected by crop establishment techniques. The planting of bud chip seedling at 120 cm x 60 cm (M3) recorded significantly higher values of plant growth parameters viz., total number of shoots ha-1, number of shoots plant-1, plant height, root growth, above ground biomass, LAI, LAD and CGR throughout the crop growing period, but was at par with planting of bud chip seedling at 90 cm x 60 cm (M2) in respect of physiologically active leaves plant-1 and leaf area stalk-1 during both the years. However, in case of few growth parameters such as chlorophyll content, green seeker NDVI, crop canopy temperature and RGR, no significant variation was observed among the crop establishment techniques. The planting of bud chip seedling at 120 cm x 60 cm (M3) also revealed significantly higher values of most of the yield attributing parameters such as length of millable cane, number of millable canes, number of internodes millable cane-1, length of internodes, average cane weight and eventually the cane yield of both individual years 7 as well as in pooled analysis. Results revealed that planting of bud chip seedling at 120 cm x 60 cm (M3) produced significantly higher cane yield for both the individual years (123.20 t ha-1 during 2017-18 and 118.64 t ha-1 during 2018-19) as well as in pooled analysis (120.92 t ha-1). Similarly, significantly higher values of green top, trash as well as total biological yield were also obtained under the planting of bud chip seedling at 120 cm x 60 cm (M3). The same crop establishment technique (M3) also registered significantly higher CCS as well as jaggery yield during both the years, but did not exert any significant effect on juice quality parameters over other crop establishment techniques. Likewise, significantly higher uptake of nutrients by different plant parts as well as the whole plant was obtained under the planting of bud chip seedling at 120 cm x 60 cm (M3). However, no significant differences were observed in case of soil physico-chemical characteristics viz., soil pH and organic carbon during both the years. All the integrated nutrient management treatments produced significantly higher plant growth, root growth and physiological parameters over 100% RDF (F1). Application of 100 % RDF + vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 + green manuring (cowpea incorporation) + biofertilizers @ 10 kg ha-1 (F2) produced significantly higher values in case of all the plant growth such as total number of shoots ha-1, number of shoots plant-1, plant height, leaf area stalk-1, dry weight of above ground biomass, root growth and other physiological parameters like LAI, LAD, CGR, and RGR. But in few parameters such as number of physiologically active leaves plant-1, chlorophyll content, canopy temperature and green seeker NDVI all the treatments were at par with each other except 100% RDF. The integrated supply of 100% RDF + vermicompost @ 1 tha-1 + green manuring (cowpea incorporation) + biofertilizers @ 10 kg ha-1 (F2) also recorded significantly higher results in case of yield attributing characters viz., length of millable cane, number of millable canes, number of internodes millable cane-1, length of internodes, average cane weight and finally resulted in higher cane, green top as well as trash yield. Results revealed that the integrated application of 100% RDF + vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 + green manuring (cowpea incorporation) + biofertilizers @10 kg ha-1 produced the highest cane yield for both individual years (115.46 t ha-1 in 2017-18 and 111.11 t ha-1 in 2018-19) as well as in pooled analysis (113.28 t ha-1) which was at par with all other treatments, but superior over 100% RDF. Similarly, significantly 8 higher green top as well as trash were also obtained under the treatment receiving 100% RDF + vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 + green manuring (cowpea incorporation) + biofertilizers @ 10 kg ha-1 (F2) for both individual years as well as in pooled analysis. The same treatment (F2) also recorded the significantly higher biological yield (142.08 and 136.78 t ha-1), commercial cane sugar (14.62 and 13.95 t ha-1) and jaggery yield (10.67 and 10.13 t ha-1) during both the years. But except CCS%, the integrated nutrient management treatments failed to exert any significant effect on other juice quality parameters like field brix content, juice recovery and purity %. The N in content in all the plant parts viz., cane stalk, green top, trash and K content in cane stalk was significantly influenced by integrated management practices and maximum values were obtained due to application of 100% RDF + vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 + green manuring of cowpea + biofertilizers @10 kg ha-1 (F2). Significantly higher N, P and K uptake by cane stalk, green top, trash as well as whole plant were also obtained under integrated application of 100% RDF + vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 + green manuring of cowpea + biofertilizers @10 kg ha-1 (F2). All the integrated nutrient management practices significantly influenced the soil physico-chemical and biological characteristics over 100% RDF. The application of 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1+ vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 + green manuring (cowpea incorporation) + biofertilizers @ 10 kg ha-1 (F4) produced the highest soil organic carbon (0.85 and 0.84%), fungal (5.44 x 104*cfu g-1 and 5.38 x104*cfu g-1) and bacterial population (6.51x106*cfu g-1 and 6.45 x 106*cfu g-1) as well as available N and P2O5 in soil during both the years. The interaction effect was found to be significant in few growth parameters like total number of shoots, number of shoots plant-1 and leaf area duration. The planting of bud chip seedling at 120 cm x 60 cm along with 100 % RDF + vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 + green manuring (cowpea incorporation) + biofertilizers @10 kg ha-1 (M3F2) recorded the highest values in the above parameters. In case of economics the higher gross return (` 3, 82,906 ha-1 and ` 3,67,546 ha-1), net return (` 2,62,388 ha-1 and ` 2,45,628 ha-1) as well as B-C ratio (3.18 and 3.01) was also recorded under the planting of bud chip seedling at 120 cm x 60 cm along with 100% RDF + vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 + green manuring (cowpea incorporation) + biofertilizers @10 kg ha-1 (M3F2) during both the years.