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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND ITS CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN GRAIN AMARANTH (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) UNDER LATE SOWN CONDITION
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), 2020) Ware, Suraj Kumar; Yadav, R. K.; Nag, Sunil Kumar; Sonboir, H. L.; Saxena, Ravi R.; Shrivastava, Rajeev
    The present study was carried out at “Research cum Institutional Farm, IGKV, Raipur,” Chhattisgarh, India during Rabi 2018-19. The experimental materials comprised of 24 genotypes of grain amaranthus under late sown condition in RBD with three replications. Results of analysis of variability shows the mean sum of square due to genotype was very high significant for all the traits indicated chance of genetic improvement in genotypes. The highly “heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean was” observed for traits viz. “days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, inflorescence length, number of branches per plant and seed yield per plant.” Correlation coefficient studied indicated that significant and positive association with 10ml vol. seed weight, leaf length, inflorescence “length, plant height, days to maturity and days to 50% flowering at both genotypic and phenotypic levels.” “Path coefficient analysis showed” the “days to 50% flowering,” stem thickness, inflorescence length and plant height had significant and positive direct effect on seed yield per plant, while remaining traits had negative and low direct effect on seed yield per plant. Coheritability studied showed that high and positive value for character pairs like seed yield per plant with lateral spikelet’s length, inflorescence “length, plant height, days to maturity and days to 50% flowering.”
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND QUALITY PARAMETERS IN AROMATIC BREEDING LINES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), 2020) Priyanka; Sao, Abhinav; Gauraha, Deepak; Banerjee, Shubha; Saxena, Ravi R.; Saxena, Ritu R.
    The present experiment entitled “Genetic analysis for yield and quality parameters in aromatic breeding lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was conducted at “Research and Instructional Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Chhatisgargh), during Kharif (wet season) 2019.” In this programme sixty seven aromatic rice breeding lines (including 5 checks via; Badshahbhog, Dubraj, Indira Sugandhit Dhan-1, Chhaitsgarh Devbhog and Chhaitsgarh Sugandhit Bhog) were used. The research was conducted in complete randomized block design with two replications. The major objective of the research programme was 1.To estimate genetic variability parameters for yield and quality traits. 2. To estimate association of yield and quality traits and 3. To estimate genetic diversity among the aromatic breeding lines. The analysis of observation on 27 qualitative and quantitative traits, reported the presence of ample amounts of variability in the experimental material for all the characters. Higher magnitude of coefficient of variations were observed for cooking width, consistency of gel, grain yield per plant, amylose content, alkali spreading value (ASV), per plant of filled spikelet and total number of spikelet per plant. “High variability estimate coupled with high genetic advance as % of mean” was reported for gel consistency followed by amylose content, filled spikelet per plant, test weight, flag leaf length, plant height, grain yield per plant, length of kernel, length of grain and spikelet fertility %. These characters are assumed to be regulated by additive gene action and selection for these traits can be rewarding. “Analysis of correlation coefficient, positive and significant correlation of grain yield per plant with test weight, harvest index, volume expansion, cooking length, cooking width and head rice recovery (%). Hence, these characters are helpful to determine the higher grain yield and can be used as selection criteria.” “Path analysis also gives an insight about the direct and indirect contribution of traits towards yield. The traits like kernel length, filled spikelet per plant, day to maturity, test weight, plant height, total tillers per plant, head rice recovery (%), flag leaf length and alkali spreading value, volume expansion, grain width, and harvest index showed positive significant direct effect on grain yield per plant. Thus, these characters can be used for improvement of grain yield per plant in rice.” Genetic diversity analysis through cluster analysis was also performed for the 67 genotype .The genotypes were distributed in 7 clusters on the basis of their traits. Cluster IV comprises of maximum sixteen genotype followed by cluster I containing fifteen genotypes and cluster III having thirteen genotypes. The Cluster II and VII showed highest inter cluster distance; hence hybridization among the genotype of these clusters will give good heterotic recombination. “The top five genotypes, R1624-61-3-61-1, R1656-2151-1-412-1, Anterved, R1624-61-2-60-1 and Jiradhan” showed high grain yield per plant with aroma and other quality traits, which can be directly used for varietal development programme in aromatic rices.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS AND EXPLOITATION OF HETEROSIS TO DEVELOP RICE HYBRIDS USING TRADITIONAL LOCAL VARIETIES
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), 2020) Badhautiya, Rupali; Sharma, Deepak; Gauraha, Deepak; Banerjee, Shubha; Saxena, R. R.; Saxena, Ritu R.
    The current study titled as, “Combining ability analysis and exploitation of heterosis to develop rice hybrids using traditional local varieties” was done during Kharif2018-2019 in the vicinity of “Research and Instructional Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (IGKV), Raipur, Chhattisgarh” to meet the purpose of combining ability analysis and heterosis estimation and identification of maintainers and restorers” in the given rice genotypes. The genetic material used in the study consists of 38 of the rice genotypes i.e. 3 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines namely “IR58025A, CRS31A and CRMS32A” (Females), 8 tester (Males) as traditional varieties namely “Mai Dubraj, Chinnor, Lazni Super-1, Bhursi, Vishnubhog, Aymore, Gopalbhog and Ramdi” and their respective 24 cross combinations along with 3 check varieties namely CG Sankar Dhan-2, KRH-4 and Rajeshwari. Through "Randomized complete block design (RCBD), crosses were worked out through Line x Tester mating design with 2 replications. The studied traits were “days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, productive tillers per plant, total tillers per plant, number of fertile spikelet per panicle, number of sterile spikelet per panicle, total spikelet per panicle, pollen fertility, 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield per plant, harvest index and spikelet fertility”. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was acted in RCBD for 38 genotypes and revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for all the studied traits. This demonstrates the presence of considerable measure of variability among rice genotypes. The significance of general combining ability (GCA) revealed that line IR58025A and testers Chinnor and Gopalbhog were good general combinations for grain yield per plant and other yield related traits. The significance of specific combining ability (SCA) revealed that the crosses IR58025A/ Chinnor, IR58025A/ Ramdi and CRMS31A/ Aymore were good specific combinations for grain yield per plant and other desirable traits. Crosses IR58025A/ Ramdi, CRMS31A/ Chinnor and CRMS32A/ Chinnor, CRMS32A/Bhursi and IR58025A/Ramdi had good significant positive values for heterosis over mid parent and better parent for grain yield and yield attributing traits. In accordance with the pollen fertility (%) and spikelet fertility (%), testers “Mai Dubraj, Bhursi and Gopalbhog” was suggested as potential restorer for CMS line IR58025A and “Mai Dubraj, Bhursi and Aymore” has been identified as potential restorer for CRMS31A and “Chinnor, Lazni Super-1, Bhursi, Vishnubhog, Aymore, Gopalbhog and Ramdi” were identified as potential restorer for CRMS32A. Neither of the parents could be recognised as maintainer. The results/outcomes obtained through current study will open many avenues for rice breeders in developing high yielding rice hybrids. This study also reports the potentials of traditional rice landraces in developing good hybrids. This will promote the conservation and utilization of traditional rice landraces.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC STUDY IN RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES POPULATION FOR EARLINESS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), 2020) Geetanjali; Nag, S. K.; Yadav, R. K.; Kuruwanshi, V. B.; Saxena, R. R.; Shrivastava, Rajeev
    Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is commonly known as the “Miracle crop”, which is one of the richest sources of oil and protein. It grows well in different regions of the world, especially in the tropical to the mid temperate zones. It contains proteins about 40 to 42% and oil about 18 to 22%. Being legume it also fixes the atmospheric nitrogen and as the good source of protein it truly claims the title “the meat that grows on plant.”” The present study entitled “Genetic study in Recombinant Inbred Lines population for earliness in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)” was accomplished during Kharif 2019 “Research cum Instructional farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh (India).” The purpose of present investigation was to generate information about genetic studies for earliness in soybean genotypes. The objective of the study was also to find out the phenotyping for seed yield and its traits, to estimate the association and genetic divergence among traits. The experiment was conducted in Augmented Design in which 150 soybean genotypes excluding three checks was taken for the appraisal of genetic variability, correlation coefficients and cluster analysis. Observations were recorded for 12 traits namely “days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod bearing length(cm), number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight (gm), oil content (%), protein content (%), seed yield per plant(gm).” “Heritability in Broad sense was calculated for each characters. Number of pods per plant and pod bearing length showed the highest heritability followed by 100 seed weight, number of seeds per pod and oil content, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of seeds per plant, plant height showed moderate heritability while, days to 50% flowering, protein content and seed yield per plant showed lowest heritability.” Correlation study showed that number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight, oil content and protein content showed significant and positive correlation with seed yield at genotypic level whereas, some characters like days to 50% flowering and number of primary branches per plant showed negative and significant correlation with seed yield at genotypic” level. This shows that enhancement in one trait will automatically enhance the others. “In cluster analysis all the 148 genotypes are divided into seven cluster, the cluster II was the largest with 82 genotypes, followed by cluster III (29 genotypes), cluster V (12 genotypes), cluster VII (10 genotypes), cluster IV and cluster VI (7 genotypes) and cluster I (1 genotype). From the clustering pattern, it was found that the soybean genotypes were genetically diverse to each other. Hence, the genotypes studied are reliable enough for hybridization and selection.”” “The maximum inter cluster distance was recorded in between cluster IV and cluster II followed by between cluster VI and cluster III and cluster III and cluster I. This suggested that the hybridization programme involving parents from these clusters is expected to give higher frequency of better segregates or desirable combination for development of useful genetic stocks or varieties. The minimum inter cluster distance was observed in between cluster VII and cluster II while the maximum intra cluster distance was observed in cluster III followed by cluster I, cluster V, cluster II, and cluster III. The selection of divergent genotype from above clusters would produce a broad spectrum of variability for morphological and quality traits studied, which enable further for selection and improvement.”
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT FOR DESCRIBING OF MODEL PLANT TYPE OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), 2020) Bhagat, Pooja; Shrivastava, Rajeev; Nag, S. K.; Lakaple, N.; Saxena, R. R.; Yadav, R. K.
    The present investigation titled “Study of yield and its component for describing of model plant type of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)” It was performedresearch cum instructional farm ofIndira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (IGKV), Raipur,((Chhattisgarh) during the rabii2018-19. The experimental materials included 20 pipeline elite genotypes of safflower obtained from Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research (IIOR), Hyderabad and developed at IGKV, Raipur and two check varieties (A-1 and CG Kusum-1). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) in three replications. Observations of yield and its contributing characters were recorded in 5 randomly selected plants. The analysis of variance showed that since the mean sum of square of genotype is highly-significant for all traits except of biological yield. Rosette period, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches, number of capitulum per plant, number of seeds per capitulum.and seed yield had showed significance at 1% level and plant stand show 5% significant level. This indicated presence of significant variability for these traits among genotypes and changes of genotypic improvement through selection can be possible. Results of genetic variability analysis revealed high Genetic Coefficient of Variance (GCV) for the character number of seeds per capitulum, seed yield per plant, 100 seed weight. The high genetic advance (% mean) remarked in following traits number of ‘capitulum perpplant, seed yield per”plant and biological yield. Heritability in broad sense the characters showed high to low heritability value. The high heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for the traits viz., oil percentage, 100 seed weight, daysoto 50 percent flowering, plant height, number of seeds”per capitulum, seed yield per plant, days to maturity and number of capitulum)per plant.It could also be necessary to enhance these characteristics through selective selection of the experimental materials. In study of correlation analysis denoted that the seed yield”per plant highly correlated with number of capitulum per plant and biological yield. That means this character will be present in which plant they will be capable to produce high seed yield. It is also showed that the high number of capitulum per)plant and seed yield characters will be an model type of plant of Safflower ((Carthamus tinctorius L.). In present study of path analysis indicate the number of capitulum“perrplant, number of seeds“perrplant, 100 seed weight, biological yield, rosette period, plant stand and days to maturity had direct positive effect on seed yield perrplant. In this study once more time showed the number of capitulum per plant and biological yield will be good for producing maximum seed yield. It is concluded that the high number ofccapitulum“perpplant and biological yield this characters contain in which plant those plant is suggested as a model safflower. A model type of safflower plant should have a rosette period (30-35 days) for seed yield,at higher biological production. Increasing number of primary branches ((8-11) and increasing number of capsule perrplant (30-40) includes days to maturity (135-140 days) may give better seed yield. A safflower model type of plant for oil should have delayed050% flowering, delayeddays to maturity; increasing number ofccapitulum per plant may be an model plant of safflower for better oil content.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENETIC ANALYSIS OF TUBER YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), 2020) Bhuarya, Khileshwari; Rangare, N. R.; Johnson, P. L.; Yadav, R. K.; Sharma, Praveen; Saxena, R. R.; Nair, S. K.
    The experiment titled “Studies on genetic analysis of tuber yield and its components in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)” was organized by “All India Coordinated Research Project on Potato at Research and Instructional Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, in Rabi 2018-19. The assessment waslaid on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications and the experimental material consisting of 26 genotypes (24 hybrid and 2 checks) of potato obtained from CPRI, Shimla was planted on 18th November” 2019. “All values obtained by analysis of variability for potato yield and yield attributing attributes revealed, there is sufficient amount of variability for all the characters. Presence of higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters indicating that expression of characters is less influenced by environment. The characters viz., number of shoots plant-1, number of branches plant-1, plant height, number of compound leaves plant-1 showed high heritability. The high heritability coupled with high genetic advance are observed for number of shoots plant-1, number of branches plant-1, plant height and number of compound leaves plant-1 and thus it can be concluded that the selection of these traits may accumulate more additive genes leading to improvement of these characters. Tuber yield showed positive and significant correlation with number of branches plant-1, number of shoots plant-1, number of compound leaves plant-1, number of leaflets plant-1 and fresh weight of tuber plant-1at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Therefore, selection based on these characters can give notable results for tuber yield improvement. Tuber yield showed positive direct effect with harvest index, dry weight shoot of plant-1, number of branches plant-1 and fresh weight of tuber plant-1. These traits can be considered as key trait for advancement of total tuber yield. Clusters analysis distributed 26 genotypes into five clusters and it does indicate that, presence of sufficient amount of genetic diversity in population. The maximum inter-cluster distance found between cluster IV and cluster I indicates that the genotypes present in these cluster may be use as parent for hybridization.” In present investigation genotypes viz.,MS/8-1148, MS/9-2198, PS/7-7, J/7-37, Kufri Bahar, Kufri Garima, HT/7-1105, PS/8-31, Kufri Mohan, kufri Laukar, Kufri Neelkanth, Kufri surya, reported better performance and suggested as high yielding genotypes for tuber yield
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN WINGED BEAN (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.)
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), 2019) Mishra, Ashutosh; Yadav, R. K.; Nag, Sunil Kumar; Samadhiya, Vinay Kumar; Saxena, R. R.; Sarawgi, A. K.
    Present investigation was conducted at Research cum experimental area of Horticulture Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh during 2018. The protein analysis work was done in the quality Laboratories of Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Raipur. The experiment aimed to study the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis. The study material comprised of 17 genotypes. Genetic variability was observed for most of the characters as evidenced by significant mean squares to genotypes suggesting that, it could be helpful in isolation of better liens. The character green pod yield had highest GCV and PCV fallowed by harvest index. Highest heritability estimate was recorded for the character of pod yield per plant. The result highest heritability estimate was recorded for the character of pod yield per plant followed by biological yield per plant, plant height, protein percentage, 100 seed weight, dry pod weight, harvest index, seed yield per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, pod width, days to maturity, pod length and days to 50% flowering. Genetic advance was highest observed for pod yield per plant followed by biological yield per plant, plant height, dry pod weight and seed yield per plant and genetic advance as percentage mean was observed high for pod yield per plant, harvest index, seed yield per plant, dry pod weight, biological yield per plant gave clear cut indication that selection of these traits based on performance would be worthwhile for evolving high yielding varieties. The Correlation for character seed yield per plant exhibited highest significant positive correlation with numbers of seeds per pod, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant and dry pod weight were found significant negative correlation. Days to 50% flowering showed significant positive association with pod length, number of pods per plant and pod yield per plant. Whereas, significant negative correlation with number of secondary branches and biological yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis measures the direct contribution of various independent characters on seed yield per plant, number of secondary branches per plant exhibited maximum positive direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by dry pod weight, protein (%), number of pods per plant and plant height whereas days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, pod length, pod width, number of seeds per plant, biological yield per plant, 100 seed weight, harvest index and pod yield per plant had negative direct effect on seed yield per plant. Hence, direct selection for seed yield per plant may be advantageous for selecting the high yielding genotypes of winged bean from the available material.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN YIELD AND EARLY SEEDLING VIGOUR FOR EARLY DURATION GENOTYPES UNDER DIRECT SEEDED CONDITION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2020) Koshle, Rakesh; Sarawgi, A.K.; Sharma, Bhawna; Prashad, Archana S.; Saxena, R.R.; Parikh, Mangla
    Rice is the most important cereal of the world providing 21% of global human per capita energy and 15% of per capita protein. Oryza sativa is the major food crop for people in Asia and nearly 90% of the world's rice is produced and consumed in this region.” Chhattisgarh state is renowned by the name Rice Bowl of India because rice is cultivated in maximal land area. The research study was carried out by using eighty rice germplasm “at Research cum Instructional farm of IGKV, Raipur during Kharif” 2019 under direct seeded condition in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with two replications. Based on grain yield, genotypes namely, R1004-2552-1-1 recorded high grain yield followed by Indira aerobic-1, Asam chidi, Surekha, IR 08 L 152, Pokali and Aditya. The traits showed significant variation. Highest values of PCV and GCV was recorded for number of unfilled spikelet, vigor indexII, seedling dry weight on 30 DAS, seedling dry weight on 20 DAS, number of filled spikelet, grain yield per meter square. Highest heritability were found for seedling length on 20 days, seedling dry weight on 20 days, seedling length on 30 days, seedling dry weight on 30 days, germination%, vigor indexI, vigor indexII, days to 50% flowering,“panicle length, plant height, panicle per meter square, 1000 grain weight,”filled spikelet, unfilled spikelet, spikelet fertility %, “paddy length, paddy breadth, paddy L/B ratio and grain yield. The magnitude of genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded high for” maximum traits except some trait showed moderate genetic advance that was seedling length on 10 days, germination%, “days to 50% flowering, panicle length and flag leaf” width, and also these traits showed low genetic advance viz number of leaves on 10 days, number of leaves on 20 days and number of leaves on 30 days after sowing. “Grain yield per meter square showed positive and significant genotypic correlation with days to 50% flowering, panicle length and number of filled spikelet, likewise days to 50% flowering and number of filled spikelet showed positive phenotypic correlation coefficient for grain yield per meter square. The very high direct and positive effect on yield per meter square” were observed for vigor indexII followed by seedling length on 30 DAS, germination per cent, seedling dry weight on 10 DAS, number of filled spikelet, panicle per meter square, flag leaf width, seedling length on 10 DAS, paddy L/B ratio, paddy width, panicle length, flag leaf length, seedling dry weight on 20 DAS. The highest negative direct effect showed by seedling dry weight on 30 DAS, followed by spikelet fertility per cent, number of unfilled spikelet, number of leaves on 10 DAS, paddy length, “days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of leaf” on 30 DAS. The “PC with higher Eigen values and variables which had high factor loading were considered as best representative of system attributes.”“The PC1 showed 24.51% while, PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5 and PC6 exhibited” 9.68%, 9.32%, 7.51%, 6.79% and 6.24% “variability respectively among the accessions for the traits under study.” Highest 10 principle component scores in each PC revealed that Pokali is the best genotype for early seedling vigor, yield and its contribution characters followed by R1182-31-2-151, Bangoli-3, CG zinc rice-2, Aditya, Gulta 2614, Aganni, Asha, Lal mati and Gurmetta 2697. Spark method of clustering grouped the accessions into seven clusters. “The pattern of constellation proved the existence of significant amount of variability. Cluster IV and VII constituted of 15 accessions, forming the largest cluster. In this cluster have much variability. Cluster VI having a largest number of traits, Birsa gova, Gulta 2614 and Pokali falls under cluster VI. The marker trait associations based on mixed linear model indicated that 18 markers were found to be associated with 23 traits. For grain yield RM 26 (C#6), RM 13 (C#5), RM 225 (C#5), RM 263 (C#2), RM218 (C#3), RM 6091 (C#11), RM 87 (C#5), RM 341 (C#2) and RM 3428 (C#11) exhibited tight association. For number of leaves on 30 DAS were such marker showed tightly linked with RM 26, RM 19 and RM 22. Seedling length on 30 DAS was tightly linked with RM 252, RM 13, RM 21, and RM 225. Seedling dry weight on 30 DAS was tightly linked with RM 252, for germination per cent RM 341 and RM 1339 marker were showed tightly linked. All these traits are related to early seedling vigor. The research provided imperative information for further extraction of these elite genes within rice germplasm and using them for rice breeding. The results have revealed that structures association in one of the sufficient options to recognize major effect quantitie trait loci for early seedling vigor and yield traits in rice.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic variability and divergence studies for grain yield and its components in grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp)
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2020) Chaukse, Chandrapal; Yadav, R.K.
    The present investigation entitled “Genetic variability and divergence studies for grain yield and its components in grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp)” was managed at “Research cum Instructional Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Chhattisgarh)” during Rabi 2017-18. The material was used in the research work comprises 26 genotypes of grain amaranth including 3 standard checks (CG Rajgira 1, RMA 7 and Suvarna). Analysis of variance disclosed that significant differences exist for all the traits taken under study from grain amaranth genotypes. It indicates that there is presence of sufficent amount of variation among the grain amaranth for grain yield and its contributing traits. The “highest magnitude of the genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for harvest index, stem girth, grain yield per plant, dry weight of panicles, dry weight of leaves, biological yield/plant and dry weight of stem”. The heritability came out to be significant for the chracters like days to maturity, harvest index, dry weight of panicles, biological yield/plant, panicle length, grain yield per plant, dry weight of stem, plant height, days to 50 % flowering and 1000 grain weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found for characters viz., “harvest index, grain yield per plant, dry weight of panicles, panicle length, days to maturity, biological yield/plant, plant height and dry weight of stem”. This shows that certain chracters are influenced by additive gene action and selection will be rewarded for improving such traits. Association analysis showed that significant and positive correlation of grain yield per plant with panicle length, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of panicles, biological yield/plant and plant height which showed selection indirect manner for those characters may be rewarded for selection of high yielding genotypes in grain amaranth. Path coefficient analysis showed that “panicles dry weight disclosed maximum direct effect on grain yield per plant, dry weight of stem, dry weight of leaves, days to maturity, days to 50 % flowering, plant height and panicle length, whereas, biological yield/plant, stem girth, panicle width, 1000 grain weight and harvest index showed negative but significant direct effect on grain yield per plant”. Based on the results of divergence analysis 26 genotypes were grouped in clusters of five. A higher number of the genotypes were there in cluster III which have 11 genotypes. The maximum intracluster distance was observed in clusters IV inter-cluster distance came out to be highest in between II and V which shows the prevalence of high variability and high heterotic effect between them. A significant amount of percent contribution of characters towards genetic divergence was given by biological yield/plant, plant height, dry weight of stem, days to maturity, dry weight of stem, panicle length and days to 50 % flowering. Considering significance of genetic distance and relative contribution of traits towards total divergence, parental lines should be selected from cluster II and from V to achieve desired segregants.