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Open Access
Impact of sewage water irrigation on soil microbial diversity and Cauliflower productivity in Rajnandgaon District (C.G.)
(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), 2020) Sahu, Nageshwar; Soni, Ravindra; Ramteke, Lalit Kumar; Chowdhary, Tapas; Ramole, Sweta; Singh, H.K.
A field experiment-based study was conducted entitled “Impact of sewage water irrigation on soil microbial diversity and Cauliflower productivity in Rajnandgaon District (C.G.)” and all observation analyzed at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Pt. Shiv Kumar Shastry College of Agriculture and Research Station, Rajnandgaon and Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur during the year 2019-20. The sewage and groundwater quality was tested and the result revealed that the groundwater is contaminated through leaching of sewage water irrigation. The soil samples were taken before and after sewage water irrigation from the cauliflower field. The impact of sewage water irrigation on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil was compared between the before and after sewage water irrigation. The pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Organic Carbon, available Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Manganese and microbial activity i.e. soil microbial biomass carbon, basal soil respiration, total viable count of bacteria, E. coli population, Pseudomonas species, and Azotobacter is significantly increased after sewage water irrigation when compared with the before sewage water irrigation. However, the bulk density and Rhizobium sp. of the soil flooded with sewage water was decreased as compared to the bulk density and Rhizobium sp. of the soil before sewage water irrigation. The cauliflower yield was significantly increased when sewage water flooded field compared with the tube well water flooded field. The E coli. Contamination was higher in sewage water and groundwater that can cause health risk for the nearby communities, farmers and consumer of the farm products. Therefore, it may be concluded that in the scarcity of irrigation water, sewage and municipal wastewater can be used for irrigation after periodic monitoring of soil fertility and quality parameters of sewage and municipal wastewater or sewage water mixed with groundwater or alternate way of irrigation.
Open Access
SCREENING OF SOYBEANVARIETIES FOR EFFECTIVE SYMBIOSIS WITH INDIGENOU SRHIZOBIUM SPP
(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), 2020) Shanti; Dash, Diptimayee; Soni, Ravindra; Nag, Sunil Kumar; Gayatri, Chandrakar; Deole, Sonali
The present study was conducted in the year 2019-20 with the objective of screening of soybean varieties for effective symbiosis with indigenous Rhizobium spp. This study involved isolation and characterization of soybean rhizobia from nodules of eighteen different soybean varieties grown in research field of “Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur (C.G.)”and screening of those varieties for effective symbiosis with indigenous Rhizobium spp. The laboratory work involving isolation, morphological and biochemical characterization was carried out in Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Raipur. Isolation of Rhizobium, morphological and cultural characterization, gram staining, symbiotic performance, biomass accumulation, nodulation study and nodule-leghaemoglobin content was performed as primary screening. The top ten isolates showing good colony growth, high nodulation, high biomass accumulation and high leghaemoglobin content were selected for the biochemical characterization (Amylase test, Catalase test and TSI test) as secondary screening. All the Rhizobium isolates produced colonies like semi-translucent to opaque, regular, convex, raised, circular, mucilaginous, whitish colony in appearance and were found negative in gram-reaction. In symbiotic performance the plant height was observed positively correlated with nodule number (r=0.58) and nodule dry weight (r=0.56). The nodule number was also observed highly correlated with nodule dry weight (r=0.96). The highest leghaemoglobin content was recorded in the soybean variety NRCSL 1 (1.77 mg/g fresh weight of nodules). The top ten soybean varieties obtained after primary screening were NRCSL 1, RSC 11-03, RKS 18, NRC 137, NRC 136, NRC 147, NRC 131, DS 3108, PS 1611 and NRC 130. All the top ten Rhizobium isolates were found positive for the starch hydrolysis test, catalase test and TSI test. Screening of indigenous strains as per local Chhattisgarh agro-climatic condition is being significant and can be used as bio-inoculants in soybean crop cultivation for enhancing the productivity. From biochemical studies of indigenous soybean rhizobia isolates, nodulation parameters, growth performances of soybean crops and microbial activities in soybean rhizosphere soils, it is seen that top five promising indigenous isolates were SRh-1, SRh-03, SRh-18, SRh-137 and SRh-136. Accordingly, the top promising soybean varieties screened were NRCSL 1 and RSC 11-03 followed by RKS 18 and NRC 137 which showed effective symbiosis with indigenous rhizobia.
Open Access
APPLICATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA IN COMBINATION WITH BIOPESTICIDES IN CONTROLLING MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF COMMON VEGETABLES
(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2020) Sanjulata; Dash, Deeptimayee; Chowdhury, Tapas; Panigrahi, Hement Kumar; Chandrakar, Gayatri; Ganguli, J.L.
The present investigation was conducted in 2019-20 Agricultural Microbiology Department, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur with the objective of evaluation of the effect of PGPR and Biopesticide on cabbage (variety-Ezangad), cauliflower (Coral White+) and broccoli (Green Magic). The experiment was done in complete randomized design with 07 treatments and 04 replications. Treatments were T1 (Absolute control), T2 (Application of chemical pesticides), T3 (Inoculation of PGPR), T4 (Application of Trichoderma), T5(Inoculation of PGPR + Neem cake), T6 (Application of Trichoderma +Neem cake) and T7 (Inoculation of PGPR + Trichoderma +Neem cake). The study involved inoculation of PGPR i.e., mixed culture of Azotobactor, Azospirillum and PSB cultures. Azotobactor isolate in Jensen’s medium showed colonies of Gummy, round and convex, these were entire margin, whitish in colour, while Azospirillum isolated on okan’s medium produce Flat round, entire margin colonies and PSB in pikovaskaya’s agar media showed Smooth, round, entire margin, Yellowish in colour showing somewhat clear zone surrounding the growth of PSB colonies. Starch hydrolysis and catalase test was positive for Azotobactor, Azospirillum and PSB. Fermentation of glucose occurred with Azotobactor, Azospirillum and PSB. The influences of PGPR and biopesticide on growth, and yield of cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli plants were studied in pot culture under nursery conditions. The results obtained stated that the single application of PGPR (Azotobactor, Azospirillum and PSB) significantly increased no. of clean leaves per plant, the biomass yield, curd/head yield over uninoculated control plants. Whereas, PGPR+ Trichoderma + Neem Cake significantly increased plant height, above ground dry weight, root dry weight, fruit weight and yield. The results showed that the inoculation of PGPR+ Trichoderma + Neem Cake produced significantly highest growth attributes viz. plant height in cabbage (22.97cm), cauliflower (25.83cm) and broccoli (25.33cm) at harvest, number of leaves per plant. There was no incidence aphid per plant, reduced number of damage leaves per plant was observed under PGPR inoculated plants as compared to other treatments. Application of T7, PGPR + Trichoderma + Neem Cake showed significantly highest number of fruits per plant as well as fruit weight, in cabbage (1.14kg/ fruit), cauliflower (473.43g/fruit) and broccoli (331.66g/fruit) as compared to other treatments. PGPR along with Trichoderma and Neem Cake treatment showed superior effect on cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli which prove the best treatment combination with respect to yield and biocontrol effect. From the present study, it can be inferred that application of PGPR+ Trichoderma + Neem Cake may be beneficial in improving vegetative growth and yield of cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli.
Open Access
DEVELOPMENT OF INDIGENOUS GLUCONACETOBACTER BIOFERTILIZER FOR FERTILIZER SAVING AND INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE IN CHHATTISGARH
(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), 2020) Verma, Narayan Prasad; Chowdhury, Tapas; Soni, Ravindra; Porte, S. S.; Chandrakar, G.
The investigation comprising (i) Survey of sugarcane growing areas of Kabirdham district of Chhattisgarh and collection of sugarcane set samples (ii) Isolation and characterization and identification of sucrose loving Gluconacetobacter endophytic bacteria (iii) First stage screening Gluconacetobacter isolates (iv) Field experiment conducted at farmers’ field at village Uslapur, District Kabirdha, Chhattisgarh for second stage screening of promising Gluconacetobacter isolates to test their efficiency for improvement of crop growth parameters. The above studies were conducted during 2018-19 in order to develop indigenous Gluconacetobacter biofertilizer for lowering the input cost of production and to get better productivity and profitability in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cultivation in Chhattisgarh. Initially forty six bacterial isolates were isolated from 110 collected sugarcane plant samples belonged to 21 villages of two blocks of Kabirdham District of Chhattisgarh by growing them on LGI media. Out of 46, 39 isolates were found capable to fix considerable amount of nitrogen (3.52 to 24.41 mg N/g of carbon after 15 days of incubation) in culture medium (semisolid N-free semisolid medium). Highest quantity of nitrogen (24.41mg) was fixed by isolate Gaceto-K-74 .On the basis of colony characters and nitrogen fixation behavior the above 39 isolates were considered as Gluconacetobacter. Out of 39 Gluconacetobacter isolates four best isolates and two standard checks were further characterized morphologically by observing their growth on different media, colony colour, gram behaviour ; and physiologically by measuring growth at different temperature, pH, sucrose levels, sensitivity towards antibiotics, IAA production ability and through different biochemical tests for confirmation. Further these promising isolates were evaluated under field conditions to find out their effect on the growth performance of sugarcane crop (Var. Co-085), compared with two national standard checks. All the isolates were applied to field with 75 % recommended dose of nitrogen (250 kg/ha). Two fertilizer N doses (75% RDN and 100% RDN) were also put in trial alone as Control-I & Control-II. Gluconacetobacter isolate Gaceto-K-74 with 75% RDN produced maximum plant height, cane girth, number of tillers and nodes in sugarcane crop, followed by Gaceto-K-40 and 16 with same RDN level. The isolate Gaceto-K-74, 40 and 16 with 75% RDN found significantly superior over Control-I (75% RDN) and II (100%RDN) to increase plant girth, tiller number and nodes. Yield of cane over control-I i.e. 75 % RDN increased significantly from 64.96 t/ha to 73.49 t/ha, 75.65 t/ha, 76.61 t/ha and 81.34 t/ha due to inoculation of local Gluconacetobacter isolates No. Gaceto-K-49, Gaceto-K-16, Gaceto-K-40 and Gaceto-K-74, respectively. The maximum yield of cane (81.34 t/ha) was associated with local isolates No. Gaceto-K-74 which also found significantly higher over control-II i.e. 100% recommended of RDN (70.03 t/ha). The brix percent in cane juice, residual soil and leaf nitrogen content have also shown the similar trend. A cane yield of 16.38 and 11.31 ton/ha additionally harvested due to inoculation of Gluconacetobacter isolate Gaceto-K-74 over 75 and 100% recommended dose of nitrogen, respectively. Maximum population density in soil (7.12 x107 cfu/gm), leaf tissue (4.4 x107 cfu/gm) and cane juice (20.2 x107 cfu/ml) was attributed to sett inoculation of isolate Gaceto-K-74 with application of 75%RDN. It was found significantly superior over 75%RDN. It is concluded from the study that inoculation with Gluconacetobacter isolate Gaceto-K-74 can save more than 25% elemental nitrogen in sugarcane cultivation and could be an ideal biofertilizer for sugarcane in Chhattisgarh state.
Open Access
EFFECT OF BACTERIAL CONSORTIUM ON PERFORMANCE OF CHICKPEA IN AGROCLIMATIC CONDITION OF CHHATTISGARH PLAIN
(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2020) Kushwah, Sonu; Singh, Anup Kumar; Soni, Ravindra; Samadhiya, Vinay; Gupta, S.B.; Chandrakar, Gaytri
The present investigation was conducted in Department of Agricultural Microbiology at Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh during the rabi year 2018-19. It comprised with 10 treatments to assess the performance of chickpea under influence of individual microbes and their consortia. Among the entire experiment consortia C1 (GmR8+Azo137+ASL3&ASL4) significantly increased the plant height, dry weight, root length, nodule respectively at 90 DAS the maximum plant height were recorded in treatment T6+Rhizobium C1 consortia +75%NPK+chickpea Rhizobium) 63.67 cm / plant followed by T5 (75% NPK + chickpea 60.60 cm,T4 (100%NPK+chickpeaRhizobium)60.53cmT10(ASL4+75%NPK+chickpea rhizob um) T3 100 NPK (20:60:20 kg/ha) 60.27 and T8 (AZO137+ 75% NPK + chickpea Rhizobium) 60.20 cm/plant. At harvest the dry weight per plant was recorded highest 8.34 g/plant due to inoculation of T6 consortia (C1 along with Rhizobium and 75% NPK) followed by T3 (100% NPK 20:60:20) 7.17 g/plant and minimum in control 4.18g per plant . Maximum root length was recorded in the treatment T7 (GmR8 + 75% NPK + Chickpea Rhizobium) 14.96 cm followed by T6 (C1+Rhizobium+75% NPK) and minimum in control 12.68cm per plant. At 45 DAS number of nodules per plant was increased from 12.67 to 29.00 due to inoculation of seeds with promising native Rhizobium isolates along with consortium of PGPR There were average 12.67 nodules un-inoculated control plants. Significantly higher nodulation was observed in T6(C1+Rhizobium+75% NPK) i.e. 29.00 nodule plant. Maximum dry weight of nodule was recorded due to inoculation of T6 (C1+Rhizobium+75% NPK) i.e. 240mg/plant followed by T4 (100% NPK + Chickpea Rhizobium) 160 mg/plant. At the time of harvest the N- content of shoot was increased from 0.42% at control to 0.84% percent due to seed inoculation with Rhizobium along with PGPR. Highest N- content was recorded in T6 (C1+Rhizobium+75% NPK) (0.84) followed by T5 (0.82%) and T4 (0.82%) while among inoculated minimum was found at T9 (0.76) respectively. N- content of chickpea seed was increased from 2.10 percent at control to 3.33 percent due to seed inoculation with T6 (C1+Rhizobium+75% NPK). Maximum N content of seed was recorded in T6 (3.33) followed by T3(3.13) and T4 while among inoculated minimum was found at T7, (2.86) respectively. Maximum total N uptake was recorded in T6 (C1+75% NPK + Chickpea Rhizobium) 95.87 kg/ha followed by the T10 (ASL4 +75 % NPK+ Chickpea Rhizobium)84.26, T8 (AZO137+ 75% NPK+ Chickpea Rhizobium) 84.22 and T4(75% NPK + Chickpea Rhizobium) 83.82 kg/ha and minimum N uptake was recorded in control 44.58 kg/ha among the inoculation the only T6 (C1+75% NPK + Chickpea Rhizobium) was shown significant. The maximum number of grain was observed due to inoculation of T6 (C1+75% NPK + Chickpea Rhizobium) 134.31 grain per plant followed by the T7 (GmR8 + 75% NPK + Chickpea Rhizobium)117.33 grain per plant and least was recorded in control 44.67 grain per plant. The highest grain yield was recorded in 2240 kg/ha followed by 2220 and 2200 kg per ha, due to seeds inoculated with T6(C1+Rhizobium+75% NPK), T10 (ASL4 +75 % NPK+ Chickpea Rhizobium) and T8 (AZO137+ 75% NPK+ Chickpea Rhizobium) respectively. The lowest grain yield was 1726.67 kg per ha associated with control. The highest straw yield was noticed in 2533.30 kg/ha followed by 2466.70 kg per ha, by inoculated with T6 (C1+Rhizobium+75% NPK) and T8 respectively, and lowest 1980 kg per ha under control. Keeping in view of above mentioned findings concluded that treatment T6 (C1+Rhizobium+75% NPK) was most effective among all the combination taken under this study.
Open Access
RHIZOBACTERIA FOR DEVELOPING INOCULANTS TO MITIGATE ABIOTIC STRESS IN SOYBEAN
(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2020) Shrivastava, Anisha; Dash, Deeptimayee; Singh, Anup; Patel, S.S.; Porte, S.S.; Ramole, Sweta; Soni, Ravindra
The present study conducted in 2019-2020 was aimed for selection of effective draught tolerant isolates of soybean to mitigate abiotic stress and to enhance the Soybean productivity under drought conditions. This study involves isolation of Bradyrhizobium and pseudomonas fluoresence from root nodules and rhizosphere soil of 16 different soybean germplasms grown in research field of the Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding (GPB), College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Agricultural university, Raipur (C.G.). Laboratory work involving isolation, morphological and biochemical characteristics was carried out in Dept. of Agricultural Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Krishi vishwavidyalaya, Raipur. A total of 15 Bradyrhizobium and 10 pseudomonas fluoresence were isolated and characterized for gram staining, catalase test, urease test, starch hydrolysis test, oxidase test and for abiotic stress tolerance. Further the stress tolerant promising isolates were tested for IAA and PEG tolerance (up to 30%). All Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas fluorescence isolates were found negative in gram-reaction and positive in catalase test and urease test. In Bradyrhizobium , whitish , semi-translucent, raised, circular and mucilaginous colonies appearance on YEMA medium. Isolates of P.fluorescence was observed rod shaped, greenish yellow colony, convex surface, and smooth edges appearance on KING’S B medium. For all isolates of P.fluorescence, fluorescent emission under UV light is observed. Regarding Oxidase test, out of 15 Bradyrhizobium isolates, 3 isolates showed negative result whereas out of 10 isolates Pseudomonas fluorescence all except S-Ps 1, showed the positive results. In Amylase test, 5 Bradyrhyzobium isolates (S-Brh14, S-Brh15, S-Rh 10, S-Brh 7, S-Brh1), 6 Pseudomonas isolates (S-Ps 10, S-Ps 3, S-Ps 4, S-Ps 5, S-Ps9, S-Ps 2) showed positive result. Efficacy of Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas fluorescence isolates against stress was carried out for acidity, temperature and salt tolerance tests. On the basis of stress tolerant efficiencies a total of 9 isolates of Bradyrhizobium (i.e., S-Brh 3, S-Brh 2, S-Brh 8, S-Brh 5, S-Brh 3 and isolates of Pseudomonas (S-Ps-2, S-Ps-3, S-Ps-5, S-Ps-1) were tolerant to pH, temperature and salt. All stress tolerant isolates produced IAA. Isolate, S-Brh 8 and S-Brh 3 produced significantly maximum Indole acetic acid (IAA g/ml) followed by S-Brh 5, S-Brh 2, S-Brh 6, S-Ps 2. Draught tolerance effect of all the 9 isolates were studied using YEM and KING’S B broth supplemented with PEG. Isolates of Pseudomons S-Pse 2, S-Pse 5 and Isolates of Bradyrhizobium, S-Brh 8, S-Brh 3 and S-Brh 5 gave the best result in 20% PEG(6000) at OD 570 nm. The best native stress tolerant isolates of Soybean Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas fluorescence were S-BRh 8, S-Rh 3,S-Pse 5. .
Open Access
INNOVATIVE EXPLORATION OF CROP BENEFICIAL BIO-AGENTS FOR REDUCTION OF INSECTICIDAL RESIDUES IN VEGETABLE GROWN SOILS OF SURGUJA DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH
(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2020) Uma; Chowdhury, Tapas; Gupta, S.B.; Khokhar, D.; Chandrakar, G.
An investigation was carried out to evaluate the crop beneficial bio-agents for reduction of insecticidal residues in vegetable grown soils of Surguja district of Chhattisgarh. One hundred and eighty three soil samples were collected from the fields of vegetable growing farmers of Surguja district where different insecticides were used over years for controlling of insects to reduce the losses due to their infestation. The soil samples were collected during rabiseason 2017. From these soil samples two hundred and six crop beneficial insecticide tolerant microbial isolates were collected.These isolates were further characterized with respect to their cultural characteristics and screened for their potentiality of chlorpyrifos+cypermethrin degradation. Two hundred and six isolates of crop beneficial microorganism which belong to Rhizobium, PSB, Azotobactor and Azospirillum genus were taken in another study for their insecticide degradation potential under in-vitro conditions. All isolates had shown good growth in their respective culture media containing 3000 ppm chlorpyrifos+cypermethrin. With increasing concentration of chlorpyrifos+cypermethrinAzospirillum isolates did not show their survivility. However, five isolates of Azotobacter, 5 isolates of Rhizobium and 2 isolates of PSB shown their growth in presence of 15000, 16000 and 20000 ppm of tested insecticides, respectively.These selected isolates were furthertaken for a green house study to know their potentiality of chlorpyrifos+cypermethrindegradation and yield enhancement. Twenty treatments were taken under this study comprising single and combined inoculation of above Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillumand P-solubilizingmicroorganisms, including control. Among different treatments combined inoculation of Azot-In-1, Rhizo-In-1 and PSB-In-1 was found best for rapid degradation of insecticide chlorpyrifos+cypermethrin, followed by single inoculation of Rhizo-In-1. These native isolates had highest microbialand biochemical activities over control at 50 DAT. The combined application ofAzot-In-1, PSB-In-1 and Rhizo-In-1 also found supreme to increase the tomato yield athighest level followed by Rhizo-In-1 by fixing more nitrogen andmobilizing phosphorus in crop rhizosphere.
Open Access
ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CUMIN
(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2019) Dhanni Devi; Gupta, S.B.; Mishra, B.K.; Soni, Ravindra; Chandrakar, G.; Anurag
The present investigation was conducted at the Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Tabiji, Ajmer, Rajasthan during the year 2017-18 and 2018-19. A total of 153 isolates were isolated from 155 samples (cumin roots and rhizospheric soil) were collected from cumin growing districts of Rajasthan. Those isolates were characterized and evaluated for phosphate solubilization, potassium solubilization and zinc solubilization, antagonistic activity and plant growth promoting traits. In first stage of screening 70 isolates were screened out for P, K and Zn solubilization. The highest,soluble P (326 𝜇g ml−1 ) in pikovskaya’s broth, K (48.56𝜇g ml−1) in aleksandrow broth and (Zn 419𝜇g ml−1) in zn solubilizing medium broth were recorded in bacterial isolate DCU-251(Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain NRCSSDCU251 Accession no. MN192165) , DCU-351(Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain NRCSSDCU351 Accession no. MN192167) and DCU-451 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain NRCSSDCU451 Accession no. MN192168), respectively. The growth inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum sp. cumini in platewas found in the range of 26.2- 61.2% while, that of in broth medium, ranged from 3.3-79.9 %, the maximum growth inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum sp. cumini was 61.2% recorded due to isolate DCU-451. Similarly, the growth inhibition of Alternaria brunsii in platewas found in the range of 24.2-54.2% while that of in broth medium, ranged from 24.1-81.8 % , the maximum growth inhibition of Alternaria brunsii was recorded due to isolate DCU-251. The maximum, IAA (38. µg ml-1) and gibberellic acid (34.5 µg 25ml) production were recorded in isolate DCU-451. The highest, germination percentage (86.66 ), seedling length (7.83 cm plant-1), seedling fresh weight (145.18 mg plant-1 ), seedling dry weight (14.03 mg plant-1), seedling vigour index-I (687.5) and seedling vigour index-II (1211.16) were recorded in seed treatment with isolate DCU-451. Similarly, the highest no. of primary branches, secondary branches, umbels plant-1, umbelletes umbel-1 and Number of seeds umbellete-1 were also recorded in DCU-451. The maximum,plantheight(33.86 cm), seed yield (3.21 g plant-1), straw yield (5.53 g plant-1) N-uptake by seed (87.63 mg plant-1), K-uptake by seed (47.5 mg plant-1), Zn-uptake by seed (219.78 𝜇g plant-1) and Zn-uptake by straw (175.52 𝜇g plant-1) were recorded due to seed treatment with isolate DCU-451. The maximum P-uptake by straw was 15.34 mg plant-1 followed by 10.70 mg plant-1 recorded with isolate DCU-251(Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain NRCSSDCU251 Accession no. MN192165) and DCU-651 (Bacillus pacificus strain NRCSSDCU651 Accession no. MN192170), respectively. The maximum P-uptake by seed was 22.89 mg plant-1 followed by 20.41 mg plant-1 assosciated with isolate DCU-251 and DCU-262 (Kosakonia oryzendophytica strain NRCSSDCU262 Accession no. MN192166), respectively.Keeping in view of experimental findings, it can be concluded that isolate DCU-451(Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain NRCSSDCU451 Accession no. MN192168) can be used as PGPR biofertilizer for cumin crop in order to enhance eco-friendly sustainable production.
Open Access
STUDY OF PADDY STRAW BIODEGRADATION BY SUCCESSIVE INOCUATION OF TRICHODERMA AND YEAST (SACCHAROMYCES)
(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), 2019) Sonwani, Rajendra Kumar; Soni, Ravindra; Gupta, S. B.; Khokher, Dharmendra; Saxena, Ritu R.; Ramole, Sweta
In present investigation paddy straw pre-treated with 1% NaOH solution and further neutralized with 10% Hcl up to pH 7. The effect of pre-treatment was analyzed by FTIR analysis. FTIR revealed the degradation of cellulose and lignin of paddy straw further reducing sugar was also estimated by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method in both treated and untreated paddy straw broth. The pre-treated paddy straw was further degraded by inoculation of Trichoderma reesei with 5 treatments (T1-alkali pre- treated rice straw + T. reesei, T2-without pre-treated rice straw + T. reesei, T3- without pre-treated rice straw, T4- without pre-treated sterilized rice straw + T. reesei, T5-alkali pre-treated sterilized straw + T. reesei). Results revealed that best treatment was T5 (i.e. alkali (NaOH) pre-treated sterilized (S) rice straw+ Trichoderma) followed by T2 (Without treatment rice straw (WT)+ Trichoderma) and T4 (Without treatment sterilized (S) rice straw + Trichoderma). To detect bioethanol production Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inoculated into treatment T4 and T5 after killing fungal spore by exposing at 50 oC. FTIR analysis revealed specific peak of cellulose around 3400 to 3200 and 2900 cm-1 and have been assigned as the O-H stretching of hydrogen bond and C-H bonds, respectively. Results shows that these peaks were reduced in pre-treated as compare to untreated paddy straw and confirm the degradation of cellulose, similarly peaks around 1600 cm-1 is assigned lignin and this peak also reduced in treated straw. The ethanol production was confirmed by GC-MS in treated and untreated straw after yeast inoculation.

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