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ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF DISTRICT CENTRAL CO-OPERATIVE BANKS IN MAHARASHTRA STATE (Accession No. T06310)(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli , Dist : Ratnagiri, 2017-11) RAUT, SURAJKUMAR DNYANESHWAR; Wadkar, S. S.The present study entitled “Performance of District Central Cooperative Banks in Maharashtra State” has been undertaken to examine the performance of DCCBs in Maharashtra by way of studying the trends in performance indicators both periodwise and regionwise. The attempt has been made to examine purposewise lending activities by DCCBs and share of DCCBs in total credit disbursement for agriculture in Maharashtra. The attempt has been made to examine the magnitude and direction of inequality in the flow of credit and the determinants in the short term credit amongst the regions in the state. The problems faced by the DCCBs in disbursing and recovery of agricultural loans have been studied alongwith the remedial measures. The study is based on secondary data obtained from 30 DCCBs in Maharashtra for the period of past 15 years from 2000-01-2014-15. The rates of compound growth were estimated for entire period from 2000-01 to 2014-15. Further the ranking of DCCBs and regions in the state was done by estimating Performance Index (PI). The purposewise lending activities and share of DCCBs in total credit disbursement for agriculture were studied. The credit gap based upon the scale of finance exercised in different regions and the actual requirement for different crop was studied. The regionwise Coefficient of Variance (CV), Theils Entropy Coefficient I (Yi), Gini ratio and Lorenz curve were used for measuring regional inequality in the disbursement of short term and 345 medium term credit in the state. In order to study the determinants in short term credit flow by DCCBs, a multiple linear regression analysis for each of the regions was attempted. The problems faced by DCCBs in Maharashtra were studied with the help of Garrett’s Ranking technique. The total number of branches of the DCCBs in the state had decreased from 3722 to 3718. The performance of DCCBs in respect of branch expansion was non-satisfactory at the state level because of declined in branches in Marathwada and Vidarbha. The total membership of DCCBs in Maharashtra had increased from 107050 to 128417 with 19.96 per cent growth over base year. The growth in total membership in Maharashtra was mainly attributed to positive growth in PACS membership. The total number of employee declined from 27743 to 22887 with 17.50 per cent reduction over the base year. The reduction in employment in Maharashtra was mainly due to the reduction in number of branches and modernization in working of DCCBs in Maharashtra. These were the main reasons of reduction in number of employees in the state. Hence the DCCBs in Maharashtra need to pay more attention for branch expansion, increasing membership and requirement of staff for efficient and profitable working of DCCBs in the state in near future. A significant increase in the total share capital, reserve fund, owned funds, deposits, investment and working capital during the study period indicated the financial soundness of DCCBs in Maharashtra state. Although there was significant trends in borrowings of DCCBs in Maharashtra over the entire period indicated that the increased dependency of DCCBs for financial requirement in the state. The total advances by DCCBs were increased in Maharashtra. The proportion of total agricultural loans (both ST and MT) in the total loans was above 20 per cent in the base year, which increased to about 40 per cent during the terminal year. Whereas, the loan disbursed for non-agricultural purposes declined from 65 per cent to 49 per cent it was good sign in the view of increased agricultural advances in the Maharashtra. The increase in total loan outstanding it was quite clear that indicated poor performance of DCCBs in recovery of loans in the state. The overdues also increased during study period due to increase in share of short-term loan overdues in total overdues was 76.45 per cent in the DCCBs of Maharashtra in the base year, which had increased to 83.66 per cent during the terminal year of the study. The increases in cost of management during study period mainly attributed due to significant increase in salaries and other expenditure of each DCCB in the state. The DCCBs in the Western Maharashtra secured a top position in the state 346 by way of contributing more per cent share in the selected performance indicators, which showed a well-developed cooperative banking system in the region. The higher magnitude of average performance index achieved by the DCCBs in Konkan and Western Maharashtra regions had developed system of DCCBs in the state. The DCCBs in the Marathwada and Vidarbha regions had a poor record in their performance indicated by low average performance index. This call for suitable economic measures for reducing overdues and improving recovery ultimately these DCCBs would improve their performance in near future. During study period the DCCBs in Maharashtra provided short-term credit Viz., Crop loan and medium term credit, included loan disbursed for the purpose of minor irrigation, land development, dairy development, farm mechanization, plantation and horticulture, poultry production, sheep and goat production, fisheries, forest and west land development, storage godowns and market yard, biogas plant, sericulture unit and other purposes (bullocks / other draught animals, bullock carts, Agri-clinics and agribusiness centers) . Out of the total agricultural loans more than 80 per cent loan were disbursed for short term period in the state during study period. The total loan disbursed for agriculture increased in absolute term but share of DDCB’s declined and the share of CB’s increased over the year. This was because of less recovery of short term loan and medium term loan, mounting overdues, less rainfall during terminal years resulted the less amount of credit with DCCBs for recycle. Whereas, the share of CB’s showed increase might be due to government policy of compulsory lending 18 per cent out of their 40 per cent priority sector to agricultural and allied activities and doubling agriculture loan policy introduced by the Government from 2004-05 resulted increase in loan disbursement for agriculture purposes in state. The credit gap was noticed in the Western Maharashtra, Marathwada and Vidarbha regions, while in the case of Konkan region, excess finance was advanced to same important crops indicating the adequacy of funds to advance. The coefficient of variance, Theils entropy coefficient, Gini ratio and Lorenz curve were used for measuring inequality in disbursement of short term and medium term credit flow by DCCBs in Maharashtra. The results showed that there was an inequality in short term and medium term credit flow during study period. The inequality in disbursement of per hectare short term and medium term credit might be due to variation in gross cropped area in Maharashtra. 347 The gross cropped area, area under commercial crops and deposits play important role in determining ST credit flow in Maharashtra. Whereas, the average rainfall had positive association and recovery percentage had negative association with ST credit flow in the state. The R2 suggest that the above determinants have jointly explained 99 per cent of the variation in the disbursement of short term credit flow in Maharashtra. The major problems experienced by DCCBs Maharashtra are no any contribution by state government (87.00), government policies (87.00), less value of farm produce (87.00) thus three problems stood first rank followed by need to improve administration and management (86.55), less productivity (86.55), mentality of the farmers (85.64) and so on .At the end DCCBs in Maharashtra faced problems related to delay in availability of fund (63.00). The DCCBs in Maharashtra need to pay more attention for branch expansion, increasing membership and requirement of staff for efficient and profitable working of DCCBs in the state in near future. The DCCBs are required to be operated more transparently to minimize the level of percentage of NPAs as compared with international standards and disbursement may be strictly based upon repaying capacity of borrowers, technical efficiency and economical soundness of the societies. There is a need to enhance fund investment in Government securities and fixed deposits for transparency in financial management. The more attention is required to be given to increase the coverage of loans through Kisan Credit Cards which would result in easy and timely credit disbursement to the borrowers when we are moving towards cashless economy. The efforts are needed to increase recovery performance by implementing intensive recovery programme and timely supervision of utilization of credit. The problem of overdues is more and requires greater attention for formulating future policy. The co-operative administration and concerned authorities shall pay more attention towards the recovery of agricultural loans so as to increase fund availability for credit disbursement. The more attention is required to be given to minimize the credit gap by supplying required scale of finance for important crops to avoid improper utilization for crop production.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF DISTRICT CENTRAL CO-OPERATIVE BANKS IN MAHARASHTRA STATE(Dr. B. S. KKV., Dapoli, 2017-11) RAUT, SURAJKUMAR DNYANESHWAR; Wadkar, S. S.THESIS ABSTRACT The present study entitled “Performance of District Central Cooperative Banks in Maharashtra State” has been undertaken to examine the performance of DCCBs in Maharashtra by way of studying the trends in performance indicators both periodwise and regionwise. The attempt has been made to examine purposewise lending activities by DCCBs and share of DCCBs in total credit disbursement for agriculture in Maharashtra. The attempt has been made to examine the magnitude and direction of inequality in the flow of credit and the determinants in the short term credit amongst the regions in the state. The problems faced by the DCCBs in disbursing and recovery of agricultural loans have been studied alongwith the remedial measures. The study is based on secondary data obtained from 30 DCCBs in Maharashtra for the period of past 15 years from 2000-01-2014-15. The rates of compound growth were estimated for entire period from 2000-01 to 2014-15. Further the ranking of DCCBs and regions in the state was done by estimating Performance Index (PI). The purposewise lending activities and share of DCCBs in total credit disbursement for agriculture were studied. The credit gap based upon the scale of finance exercised in different regions and the actual requirement for different crop was studied. The regionwise Coefficient of Variance (CV), Theils Entropy Coefficient I (Yi), Gini ratio and Lorenz curve were used for measuring regional inequality in the disbursement of short term and medium term 24 credit in the state. In order to study the determinants in short term credit flow by DCCBs, a multiple linear regression analysis for each of the regions was attempted. The problems faced by DCCBs in Maharashtra were studied with the help of Garrett’s Ranking technique. The total number of branches of the DCCBs in the state had decreased from 3722 to 3718. The performance of DCCBs in respect of branch expansion was non-satisfactory at the state level because of declined in branches in Marathwada and Vidarbha. The total membership of DCCBs in Maharashtra had increased from 107050 to 128417 with 19.96 per cent growth over base year. The growth in total membership in Maharashtra was mainly attributed to positive growth in PACS membership. The total number of employee declined from 27743 to 22887 with 17.50 per cent reduction over the base year. The reduction in employment in Maharashtra was mainly due to the reduction in number of branches and modernization in working of DCCBs in Maharashtra. These were the main reasons of reduction in number of employees in the state. Hence the DCCBs in Maharashtra need to pay more attention for branch expansion, increasing membership and requirement of staff for efficient and profitable working of DCCBs in the state in near future. A significant increase in the total share capital, reserve fund, owned funds, deposits, investment and working capital during the study period indicated the financial soundness of DCCBs in Maharashtra state. Although there was significant trends in borrowings of DCCBs in Maharashtra over the entire period indicated that the increased dependency of DCCBs for financial requirement in the state. The total advances by DCCBs were increased in Maharashtra. The proportion of total agricultural loans (both ST and MT) in the total loans was above 20 per cent in the base year, which increased to about 40 per cent during the terminal year. Whereas, the loan disbursed for non-agricultural purposes declined from 65 per cent to 49 per cent it was good sign in the view of increased agricultural advances in the Maharashtra. The increase in total loan outstanding it was quite clear that indicated poor performance of DCCBs in recovery of loans in the state. The overdues also increased during study period due to increase in share of short-term loan overdues in total overdues was 76.45 per cent in the DCCBs of Maharashtra in the base year, which had increased to 83.66 per cent during the terminal year of the study. The increases in cost of management during study period mainly attributed due to significant increase in salaries and other expenditure of each DCCB in the state. The DCCBs in the Western Maharashtra secured a top position in the state by way of contributing more per cent share in the selected performance indicators, which showed a well-developed cooperative banking system in the region. 25 The higher magnitude of average performance index achieved by the DCCBs in Konkan and Western Maharashtra regions had developed system of DCCBs in the state. The DCCBs in the Marathwada and Vidarbha regions had a poor record in their performance indicated by low average performance index. This call for suitable economic measures for reducing overdues and improving recovery ultimately these DCCBs would improve their performance in near future. During study period the DCCBs in Maharashtra provided short-term credit Viz., Crop loan and medium term credit, included loan disbursed for the purpose of minor irrigation, land development, dairy development, farm mechanization, plantation and horticulture, poultry production, sheep and goat production, fisheries, forest and west land development, storage godowns and market yard, biogas plant, sericulture unit and other purposes (bullocks / other draught animals, bullock carts, Agri-clinics and agribusiness centers) . Out of the total agricultural loans more than 80 per cent loan were disbursed for short term period in the state during study period. The total loan disbursed for agriculture increased in absolute term but share of DDCB’s declined and the share of CB’s increased over the year. This was because of less recovery of short term loan and medium term loan, mounting overdues, less rainfall during terminal years resulted the less amount of credit with DCCBs for recycle. Whereas, the share of CB’s showed increase might be due to government policy of compulsory lending 18 per cent out of their 40 per cent priority sector to agricultural and allied activities and doubling agriculture loan policy introduced by the Government from 2004-05 resulted increase in loan disbursement for agriculture purposes in state. The credit gap was noticed in the Western Maharashtra, Marathwada and Vidarbha regions, while in the case of Konkan region, excess finance was advanced to same important crops indicating the adequacy of funds to advance. The coefficient of variance, Theils entropy coefficient, Gini ratio and Lorenz curve were used for measuring inequality in disbursement of short term and medium term credit flow by DCCBs in Maharashtra. The results showed that there was an inequality in short term and medium term credit flow during study period. The inequality in disbursement of per hectare short term and medium term credit might be due to variation in gross cropped area in Maharashtra. The gross cropped area, area under commercial crops and deposits play important role in determining ST credit flow in Maharashtra. Whereas, the average rainfall had positive association and recovery percentage had negative association with ST credit flow in the state. 26 The R2 suggest that the above determinants have jointly explained 99 per cent of the variation in the disbursement of short term credit flow in Maharashtra. The major problems experienced by DCCBs Maharashtra are no any contribution by state government (87.00), government policies (87.00), less value of farm produce (87.00) thus three problems stood first rank followed by need to improve administration and management (86.55), less productivity (86.55), mentality of the farmers (85.64) and so on .At the end DCCBs in Maharashtra faced problems related to delay in availability of fund (63.00). The DCCBs in Maharashtra need to pay more attention for branch expansion, increasing membership and requirement of staff for efficient and profitable working of DCCBs in the state in near future. The DCCBs are required to be operated more transparently to minimize the level of percentage of NPAs as compared with international standards and disbursement may be strictly based upon repaying capacity of borrowers, technical efficiency and economical soundness of the societies. There is a need to enhance fund investment in Government securities and fixed deposits for transparency in financial management. The more attention is required to be given to increase the coverage of loans through Kisan Credit Cards which would result in easy and timely credit disbursement to the borrowers when we are moving towards cashless economy. The efforts are needed to increase recovery performance by implementing intensive recovery programme and timely supervision of utilization of credit. The problem of overdues is more and requires greater attention for formulating future policy. The co-operative administration and concerned authorities shall pay more attention towards the recovery of agricultural loans so as to increase fund availability for credit disbursement. The more attention is required to be given to minimize the credit gap by supplying required scale of finance for important crops to avoid improper utilization for crop production.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF DISTRICT CENTRAL CO-OPERATIVE BANKS IN MAHARASHTRA STATE(DBSKKV DAPOLI, 2017-11) RAUT, SURAJKUMAR DNYANESHWAR; WADKAR, S.S.The present study entitled “Performance of District Central Cooperative Banks in Maharashtra State” has been undertaken to examine the performance of DCCBs in Maharashtra by way of studying the trends in performance indicators both periodwise and regionwise. The attempt has been made to examine purposewise lending activities by DCCBs and share of DCCBs in total credit disbursement for agriculture in Maharashtra. The attempt has been made to examine the magnitude and direction of inequality in the flow of credit and the determinants in the short term credit amongst the regions in the state. The problems faced by the DCCBs in disbursing and recovery of agricultural loans have been studied alongwith the remedial measures. The study is based on secondary data obtained from 30 DCCBs in Maharashtra for the period of past 15 years from 2000-01-2014-15. The rates of compound growth were estimated for entire period from 2000-01 to 2014-15. Further the ranking of DCCBs and regions in the state was done by estimating Performance Index (PI). The purposewise lending activities and share of DCCBs in total credit disbursement for agriculture were studied. The credit gap based upon the scale of finance exercised in different regions and the actual requirement for different crop was studied. The regionwise Coefficient of Variance (CV), Theils Entropy Coefficient I (Yi), Gini ratio and Lorenz 324 curve were used for measuring regional inequality in the disbursement of short term and medium term credit in the state. In order to study the determinants in short term credit flow by DCCBs, a multiple linear regression analysis for each of the regions was attempted. The problems faced by DCCBs in Maharashtra were studied with the help of Garrett’s Ranking technique. The total number of branches of the DCCBs in the state had decreased from 3722 to 3718. The performance of DCCBs in respect of branch expansion was non-satisfactory at the state level because of declined in branches in Marathwada and Vidarbha. The total membership of DCCBs in Maharashtra had increased from 107050 to 128417 with 19.96 per cent growth over base year. The growth in total membership in Maharashtra was mainly attributed to positive growth in PACS membership. The total number of employee declined from 27743 to 22887 with 17.50 per cent reduction over the base year. The reduction in employment in Maharashtra was mainly due to the reduction in number of branches and modernization in working of DCCBs in Maharashtra. These were the main reasons of reduction in number of employees in the state. Hence the DCCBs in Maharashtra need to pay more attention for branch expansion, increasing membership and requirement of staff for efficient and profitable working of DCCBs in the state in near future. A significant increase in the total share capital, reserve fund, owned funds, deposits, investment and working capital during the study period indicated the financial soundness of DCCBs in Maharashtra state. Although there was significant trends in borrowings of DCCBs in Maharashtra over the entire period indicated that the increased dependency of DCCBs for financial requirement in the state. The total advances by DCCBs were increased in Maharashtra. The proportion of total agricultural loans (both ST and MT) in the total loans was above 20 per cent in the base year, which increased to about 40 per cent during the terminal year. Whereas, the loan disbursed for non-agricultural purposes declined from 65 per cent to 49 per cent it was good sign in the view of increased agricultural advances in the Maharashtra. The increase in total loan outstanding it was quite clear that indicated poor performance of DCCBs in recovery of loans in the state. The overdues also increased during study period due to increase in share of short-term loan overdues in total overdues was 76.45 per cent in the DCCBs of Maharashtra in the base year, which had increased to 83.66 per cent during the terminal year of the study. The increases in cost of management during study period mainly attributed due to significant increase in salaries and other expenditure of each DCCB in the state. The DCCBs in the Western Maharashtra secured a top position in 325 the state by way of contributing more per cent share in the selected performance indicators, which showed a well-developed cooperative banking system in the region. The higher magnitude of average performance index achieved by the DCCBs in Konkan and Western Maharashtra regions had developed system of DCCBs in the state. The DCCBs in the Marathwada and Vidarbha regions had a poor record in their performance indicated by low average performance index. This call for suitable economic measures for reducing overdues and improving recovery ultimately these DCCBs would improve their performance in near future. During study period the DCCBs in Maharashtra provided short-term credit Viz., Crop loan and medium term credit, included loan disbursed for the purpose of minor irrigation, land development, dairy development, farm mechanization, plantation and horticulture, poultry production, sheep and goat production, fisheries, forest and west land development, storage godowns and market yard, biogas plant, sericulture unit and other purposes (bullocks / other draught animals, bullock carts, Agri-clinics and agribusiness centers) . Out of the total agricultural loans more than 80 per cent loan were disbursed for short term period in the state during study period. The total loan disbursed for agriculture increased in absolute term but share of DDCB’s declined and the share of CB’s increased over the year. This was because of less recovery of short term loan and medium term loan, mounting overdues, less rainfall during terminal years resulted the less amount of credit with DCCBs for recycle. Whereas, the share of CB’s showed increase might be due to government policy of compulsory lending 18 per cent out of their 40 per cent priority sector to agricultural and allied activities and doubling agriculture loan policy introduced by the Government from 2004-05 resulted increase in loan disbursement for agriculture purposes in state. The credit gap was noticed in the Western Maharashtra, Marathwada and Vidarbha regions, while in the case of Konkan region, excess finance was advanced to same important crops indicating the adequacy of funds to advance. The coefficient of variance, Theils entropy coefficient, Gini ratio and Lorenz curve were used for measuring inequality in disbursement of short term and medium term credit flow by DCCBs in Maharashtra. The results showed that there was an inequality in short term and medium term credit flow during study period. The inequality in disbursement of per hectare short term and medium term credit might be due to variation in gross cropped area in Maharashtra. 326 The gross cropped area, area under commercial crops and deposits play important role in determining ST credit flow in Maharashtra. Whereas, the average rainfall had positive association and recovery percentage had negative association with ST credit flow in the state. The R2 suggest that the above determinants have jointly explained 99 per cent of the variation in the disbursement of short term credit flow in Maharashtra. The major problems experienced by DCCBs Maharashtra are no any contribution by state government (87.00), government policies (87.00), less value of farm produce (87.00) thus three problems stood first rank followed by need to improve administration and management (86.55), less productivity (86.55), mentality of the farmers (85.64) and so on .At the end DCCBs in Maharashtra faced problems related to delay in availability of fund (63.00). The DCCBs in Maharashtra need to pay more attention for branch expansion, increasing membership and requirement of staff for efficient and profitable working of DCCBs in the state in near future. The DCCBs are required to be operated more transparently to minimize the level of percentage of NPAs as compared with international standards and disbursement may be strictly based upon repaying capacity of borrowers, technical efficiency and economical soundness of the societies. There is a need to enhance fund investment in Government securities and fixed deposits for transparency in financial management. The more attention is required to be given to increase the coverage of loans through Kisan Credit Cards which would result in easy and timely credit disbursement to the borrowers when we are moving towards cashless economy. The efforts are needed to increase recovery performance by implementing intensive recovery programme and timely supervision of utilization of credit. The problem of overdues is more and requires greater attention for formulating future policy. The co-operative administration and concerned authorities shall pay more attention towards the recovery of agricultural loans so as to increase fund availability for credit disbursement. The more attention is required to be given to minimize the credit gap by supplying required scale of finance for important crops to avoid improper utilization for crop production.