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ThesisItem Open Access Value added product from nutmeg(myristicafragranshoutt.) Rind(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-04-12) Gujar, Shreyas Shriram; Gawankar, M.S.The study conducted on “Value added products from Nutmeg (MyristicafragransHoutt.)" was carried out in the Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Horticulture, Dapoli, 415712. Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.) during 2021-22. The research study includes two experiments. The first experimentwas preparation of syrup from nutmeg rind which was design in completely randomized design with four treatments viz.,T1-(25% juice +75% sugar), T2-(30% juice +70% sugar), T3-(35% juice +65% sugar) and T4-(40% juice +60% sugar).For this study changes in chemical composition, microbial study, sensory quality and cost of production were studied to standardized optimum method for the preparation of nutmeg rind syrup and observations were taken at an interval of 0, 3 and 6 months,respectively. Study revealed that treatment T1 had the highest T.S.S.(76.4), total sugars(65.50%), non-reducing sugars(27.43%), and lowest pH(2.93) and T4recorded highest reducing sugars(47.35%), acidity (0.88%),Tannis(82.4mg/100g).Treatment T3 recorded the highest sensory scores for color(8.22), flavor(8.36), and overall acceptability(8.29) at the end of storage. TreatmentT4 had the lowest bacterial count (0.8 cfu/ml) and T1 lowest fugal count (0.4cfu/ml) at the end of 6 month storage .In case of cost of production of nutmeg rind syrup treatment T2 recorded highest BC ratio of 1.46 followed by T3(1.40) while titrable acidity, tannins, and non-reducing sugars decreased and T.S.S., reducing sugars, total sugars, and pH increased after 6 months storage. The second experimentwas preparation of blended bar from nutmeg rind residue and mango pulp. Completely randomized design was used with four treatments viz.,T1(100% nutmeg rind residue), T2(75% nutmeg rind residue+25%mango pulp), T3(50%nutmeg rind residue+50%mango pulp) and T4(25% nutmeg rind residue+75%mango pulp).For this study changes in chemical composition, microbial study, sensory quality and cost of production were studied to standardized optimum method for the preparation of nutmeg rind syrup and observations were taken at an interval of 0, 2,4, and 6 months,respectively. Results revealed that after six months of storage, T4 showed the highest T.S.S.(71.20), total sugars(58.22%), reducing sugars(30.80%), and vitamin A(3331.03 I.U.) and treatment T1 recorded highest non-reducing sugars(25.62%),Acidity(1.23%), tannins (48.80mg/100g). Treatment T3 recorded the highest sensory scores for color(7.58), texture (7.53), flavor(7.59), and overall acceptability(7.50). Inmicrobial studies, treatment T1 had the lowest bacterial count (0.7 cfu/ml) and T3 lowest fugal count(0.8cfu/ml) at the end of 6 month storage.Treatment T1 andT2recorded highest BC ratio of 1.46. In the present study the chemical parameters T.S.S., acidity, total sugars, non-reducing sugars, tannins, and vitamin A were found to decrease during storage while reducing sugars increased.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of plant growth regulators on growth of Kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) seedlings(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-01-10) Surve, Shephali Satish; Gawankar, M. S.The present investigation entitled ‘Effect of plant growth regulators on growth of Kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) seedlings’ was conducted at nursery No. 4, College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S) during the academic year 2021-22. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments were, T1 - NAA 50 ppm, T2 - NAA 100 ppm, T3 - NAA 150 ppm, T4 - GA3 100 ppm, T5 - GA3 200 ppm, T6 - GA3 300 ppm, T7 - Triacontanol 100 ppm, T8 - Triacontanol 200 ppm, T9 - Triacontanol 300 ppm and T10 - Control. The results indicated that different plant growth regulator and their different concentrations were significantly influenced the growth of kokum seedling. Among all the treatments, GA3 at 300 ppm ranked first for growth characters viz., plant height (33.62 cm), number of leaves (23.21), girth of stem (4.24 mm), leaf area (52.67 cm2), number of nodes (11.25), internodal length (3.57 cm), fresh weight of shoot, root and seedling (13.76 g, 3.85 g and 17.61 g, respectively), dry weight of shoot, root and seedling (6.38 g 2.45 g and 8.83 g, respectively), absolute growth rate (0.162 cm/day), relative growth rate (0.00520 cm/cm/day). Similarly, survival percentage of seedlings (98.00 %), percentage of graftable seedling (88.67 %) and minimum number of days to attain 80 percent graftable stage (168.33 days) were also highest in the same treatment i.e., GA3 at 300 ppm as compared to the other treatments along with the net return of Rs. 934.40 with B:C ratio (1:1.54).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on rapid multiplication methods in black pepper (Piper nigrumL.)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-02-01) Garande, Nivedita Tukaram; Gajbhiye, R.C.The present investigation entitled, “Studies on rapid multiplication methods in black pepper (Piper nigrumL.)” variety: Panniyur 1’ was conducted at Nursery No. 4, College of Horticulture, Dapoli-415712, Dist. - Ratnagiri, Maharashtra during 2021-22 comprising of seven treatments which replicated four times. To study rapid multiplication methods of black pepper and to study the growth of saplings obtained from different methods were studied during this course of investigation Among the different rapid multiplication methods studied, modified serpentine method (T6) recorded the highest number of cuttings per harvest, total number of cuttings obtained per year, sprouting percentage (%), survival percentage (%), number of leaves, leaf area (cm2), girth of sprout at collar (mm), sprout length (cm), number of nodes, internodal length (cm), fresh shoot weight (g), dry shoot weight (g), absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, number of roots, length of longest root (cm) of rooted cuttings, fresh root weight (g), dry root weight (g) and was found best followed by serpentine method. So far as growth performance, quality and production of total number of sampling per year is concerned, modified serpentine method followed by serpentine method was found best for rapid multiplication of black paper. However, the highest net returns and B: C; ratio obtained in serpentine method and hence serpentine method was found economically feasible. However, it needs confirmation by conducting the similar studies at least for1-2 more seasons.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on floral biology and nut set in arecanut (Areca catechu L.) cvs. Shriwardhani and Mangala(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-02-15) Waghmare, Abhijit; Khandekar, R.G.Arecanut (Areca catechu L.), also referred to as "Betlenut" or "Supari," is a significant crop in India. It is a product with traditional, commercial and economic value. Areca is a word from the Malayan language that means "cluster of nuts." It is typically assumed that it is native to Malaysia or the Philippines, where it is cultivated in a wide range of variations. Understanding floral biology and nut set in arecanut, an attempt was made to know about floral biology and nut set in arecanut. In the view of studyundertaken entitled “Studies on floral biology and nut set in arecanut (Areca catechu L.)” was conducted at an experimental plot near KisanBhavan, College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during the year 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two treatments along with fifteen replications. It was observed that initiation of flowering season started in arecanutcvs. Shriwardhani from 24th November 2021 and it last upto 26th May 2022. While, in Mangala variety initiation of flowering started from 24th November 2021 and it last upto 30th May 2022. The peak flowering period for male and female flowers from 4th December 2021 up to 27th March 2022 whereas the variety Shriwardhani recorded length of spadix was 50.14 cm whereas mangala recorded as 49.01 and the Shriwardhani variety recorded breadth of spadix as 76.08 cm and Mangala variety recorded it 71.59 cm. The Shriwardhani variety recorded mean secondary rachis per inflorescence 13.72and Mangala variety recorded it as 13.81 . The Shriwardhani variety recorded mean number of male flower per inflorescence as 31182.32 where asMangalavariety recorded as 33622.05. The Shriwardhani variety recorded days required for spathe fall 3.58 where as, Mangalavariety recorded 3.34 and the Shriwardhani variety recorded total rachis per inflorescence 448.3and Mangalavariety recorded it as 474.12. The Shriwardhani variety recorded mean breadth of spathe13.99 cm where as Mangala variety recorded as 14.58 cm and while, the Shriwardhani variety recorded mean Period required for spathe splitting from last leaf fall as 2.91 (days) and Mangala variety recorded as 2.49 .The Shriwardhani variety time taken for fertilization (days) 61.54 while, Mangala variety recorded 59.15days .Thus from present investigation it could be concluded that the flowering and fruiting pattern in both the cultivars are significantly different. Total number of inflorescence were highest in T2(Mangala) as compare to T1Shriwardhani. Days required for initiation of anthesis of male flower from spathe splitting was lowest in T1 (Shriwardhani)as compare to T2(Mangala) and days required for initiation anthesis of female flower from spathe splitting was lowest in T2 (Mangala) as compare to T1 (Shriwardhani). Period lapsed between male and female phase was the lowest in T1 (Shriwardhani) and time taken for fertilization was lowest in T2(Mangala.). Orientation of inflorescence was upright in Shriwardhani and Mangala in both of the cultivars. Orientation of nuts on spadix was noticed drooping in T2 (Mangala) but drooping and horizontally position of nut occur inT1 (Shriwardhani) variety.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on acceptability and storage of spice blended tender Coconut water cv. Banawali(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2021-05-31) Dhotre, Renuka; Manjarekar, R. G.Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is being extolled as “KALPAVRUKSHA” or the tree of heaven which is most important and widely distributed commercial palm throughout India. Consumption of tender coconut as a dependable source of health drink and food is becoming popular among the health-conscious people in several countries. Coconut water is sterile in its natural form and is been considered as sports drink because of its high potassium and mineral content. Coconut water presents anti-carcinogenic properties and can be used as dehydrating solution administered orally or in intravenous form. Spices, seasonings and condiments are mostly used to enhance taste, improve nutritional content, and improve colour, texture or shelf life of foods and beverages. The present investigation was undertaken on “Studies on acceptability and storage of spice blended tender coconut water Cv. banawali” and it was conducted at Post Harvest Technology Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, District-Ratnagiri during Nov 2020 to Mar, 2021. For the study, six treatments (T0 – Control, T1 – 0.1g cumin/100ml TCW, T2 – 0.2g nutmeg/100ml TCW, T3 – 0.4g black pepper/100ml TCW, T4 – 0.15g cardamom/100ml TCW, T5 – 0.1g chat masala/100ml TCW) and three storage conditions (S1 – Ambient temperature, S2 – Cold storage, S3 – Refrigerated condition) were selected. The treatment T4(0.15g cardamom/100ml TCW) at S3 (refrigerated temperature) and T4S3 interaction performed the best quality at chemical parameters, sensory evaluation and at microbial analysis up to three months according to taste testing panel.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on grafting and field performance of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) and chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2022-11-07) Surve, Nagma; Sanap, P. B.Brinjal and chilli crops are popularly cultivated in the rice-based cropping system during rabi season in entire Konkan region of Maharashtra. However, the commercial cultivation of these vegetables has several limitations and one of the most important limitations is the incidence of bacterial wilt disease. The F1 hybrids are popular for cultivation due to their high yield potential and quality, however, many of these are susceptible to the incidence of bacterial wilt in Konkan region which is the major limitation for their commercial scale plantation. Several varieties of brinjal viz. ‘Arka Neelkanth’, ‘Swarna Pratibha’, ‘Konkan Prabha’ have been recommended as resistant to bacterial wilt with better field adaptation but the size, shape, colour and the quality of the fruits of these varieties is not much acceptable in the local markets of production belts. Hence, grafting technology can be used to improve the stress tolerance in local cultivars and F1 hybrids of brinjal to bacterial wilt which will further enable farmer to produce the fruits acceptable in local markets. During the investigation, four sets of experiments were conducted under following subheads, 1) Studies on the grafting success of brinjal on different rootstocks. 2) Studies on the field performance of brinjal grafts ondifferent rootstocks. 3) Studies on the grafting success of chilli on different rootstocks. 2) Studies on the field performance of chilli grafts on different rootstocks. The first experiment of brinjal consisted of nine treatment combinations with four replications under Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD). The factor 1 was Rootstocks: R1 – Konkan Prabha, R2 – Arka Neelkanth and R3 – Solanum torvum. Factor 2 was Scions (F1 hybrids): S1 – NBH-1465, S2 – Manjari and S3 – Utkarsha. These nine treatment combinations with control viz. hybrid brinjal scion seedlings) were studied for field performance in second experiment. In third experiment of chilli, nine treatment combinations and four replications were laid out under Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD). The factor 1 was Rootstocks: R1 – Capsicum frutescens, R2 – Pusa Jwala and R3 – Konkan Kirti. Factor 2 was Scions (F1 hybrids): S1 – NCH-1901, S2 – Sitara and S3 – Jalsa. In fourth experiment, these nine treatments along with control, viz. hybrid chilli scion seedlings were transplanted in field to study their field performance. In brinjal, maximum girth at collar of rootstock was recorded in Solanum torvum. The rootstock effect on grafting survival was significant and the grafting survival was maximum in Konkan Prabha. The effect of scion and interaction on grafting survival was non-significant. The rootstock effect on length of tap root recorded significant variation and was maximum in Solanum torvum. The scion and interaction effect were nonsignificant on length of tap root. Lowest bacterial wilt incidence was observed in T1 i.e., NBH-1465 grafted on Konkan Prabha and the treatments T10 (seedlings of hybrid NCH-1465), T11 (seedlings of hybrid Manjari) and T12 (seedlings of hybrid NCH-1465) recorded 100 % incidence of bacterial wilt in field. The plant height and number of branches were maximum in T2 i.e., Manjari grafted on Konkan Prabha. The earliest initiation of flowering and 50 % flowering was noticed in T6 i.e., Utkarsha grafted on Arka Neelkanth. Treatment T7 i.e., NBH-1465 grafted on Solanum torvum recorded lowest days to first harvest and T1 i.e., NBH-1465 grafted on Konkan Prabha recorded longest span of harvest. Fruit length and fruit weight were maximum in T7 i.e., NBH-1465 grafted on Solanum torvum. Number of fruits was maximum in T2 i.e., Manjari grafted onKonkan Prabha. Fruit yield per plant, per plot as well as per hectare was highest in T1 i.e., NBH-1465 grafted on Konkan Prabha. In chilli, highest girth at collar of rootstock and scion was recorded in Capsicum frutescens and NCH-1901 respectively. The effect of rootstock on grafting survival was significant and was maximum in Capsicum frutescens. The scion and interaction effect on grafting survival was nonsignificant. During field evaluation, bacterial wilt incidence did not exhibit significant difference. The plant height was highest in T7 i.e., NCH-1901 grafted on Konkan Kirti. Maximum number of leaves and branches were recorded in T2 i.e., Sitara grafted on Capsicum frutescens and T12 i.e., Seedlings of Jalsa respectively. Lowest days for initiation of flowering and minimum days for first harvest were noted in T12 i.e., seedlings of Jalsa. Days required for 50 % flowering were minimum in T11 i.e., seedlings of Sitara. Fruit length and fruit weight was maximum in T9 i.e., Jalsa grafted on Konkan Kirti. Maximum fruit diameter was recorded in T6 i.e., Jalsa grafted on Pusa Jwala. Fruit yield per plant, per plot as well as per hectare was highest in T9 i.e., Jalsa grafted on Konkan Kirti. It was observed that grafting of F1 hybrids on Konkan Prabha rootstock is one way of overcoming the bacterial wilt incidence in brinjal. Grafts of various combinations of brinjal exhibited better field survival against the bacterial wilt disease whereas seedlings of all F1 hybrids under study recorded 100 % mortality. Chilli recorded comparatively less incidence of bacterial wilt in various graft combinations as well as seedlings. Thus, it can be concluded that grafting on bacterial wilt resistant rootstocks can be used for harnessing the full potential of F1 hybrids of brinjal under Konkan agro-climactic conditions.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MARIGOLD (Tagetes erecta L.) UNDER KONKAN CONDITIONS(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2020-11-12) Narute, Tejaswini; Parulekar, Y.R.The present study entitled, “Influence of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) under Konkan conditions” with cv. Calcutta Marigold was carried out at College of Horticulture, Dapoli research farm during the rabi season during 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments replicated thrice. The treatments applied were GA3 (100 ppm and 200 ppm), TRIA (20 ppm and 30 ppm), CCC (4000 ppm and 5000 ppm) and NAA (10 ppm and 20 ppm) along with control. Regular common cultural practices were adopted during the experimental trial. Observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants from each plot and data was compiled to see the effect on vegetative, flowering and yield parameters due to different treatments. The statistically significant difference was recorded on growth and yield of marigold plants as a result of various plant growthregulator treatments applied. Among all the treatments, maximum plant height (82.26 cm), plant spread (92.52 cm), a greater number of branches (56.02), a greater number of leaves (420.60) and maximum fresh and dry weight (190.37 g/plant) and (22.84 g/plant) were recorded in GA3 @ 100 ppm. Next to this it was followed by the GA3 @ 200 ppm treatment with height of (78.68 cm), plant spread (91.00 cm), number of branches (55.98), number of leaves (419.20) and fresh and dry wight (189.17 g/plant) and (22.70 g/plant) respectively, as compare to other treatments and control. Both the treatments of GA3 @ 100 and 200 ppm were found statistically significant at all levels over all other treatments and were on same par with each other for vegetative plant characters under study. In case of flowering parameters like, flower diameter, flower stalk length, fresh and dry weight of flower same treatment of GA3 was found significant. The maximum average flower diameter (65.48 mm), flower stalk length (9.85 cm), fresh weight (13.05 g/flower) and dry weight (2.69 g/flower) were recorded with GA3 @ 100 ppm treatment. It was also observed that days required for flower appearance from transplanting (58.03) and days from bud initiation to harvest (15.85) were significantly recorded minimum with GA3 @ 100 ppm. The above observations were then followed by GA3 @ 200 ppm where the flower diameter recorded was (64.02 mm), stalk length (9.77 cm), fresh weight (13.00 g/flower) and dry weight (2.68 g/flower). The days required for flower appearance from transplanting and days from bud initiation to harvest recorded in GA3 @ 200 ppm were (58.16) and (16.05) respectively as compared to other treatments and control. While studying the effect of different treatments on yield performance same treatment of GA3 @ 100 ppm recorded significantly maximum number flowers per plant (41.12), a greater flower yield per plant (424.83 g/plant) therewithal, maximum flower yield per plot (12.74 kg/plot) and maximum flower yield per hectare (20.98 t/ha).These observations were followed by treatment GA3 @ 200 ppm, in which number of flowers per plant (40.80), flower yield per plant (420.44 g/plant), flower yield per plot (12.65 kg/plot) and flower yield per hectare (20.76 t/ha) were recorded. These observations recorded were more as compared to other treatments and control. The maximum vase life (7.87) and (7.80) was noticed in treatment of TRIA @ 30 ppm and TRIA @ 20 ppm respectively. As per economic values calculated at the end of trial the maximum net returns of Rs. 5,89,788 /ha was observed in GA3 @ 100 ppm, with maximum cost beneficial ratio (2.36) followed by NAA @ 10 ppm with net returns of Rs. 5,79,596 /ha and ratio of (2.32). The present investigation it was observed that GA3 @ 100 showed increased vegetative growth, flower size and quality, number of flowers per plant and yield per plant, per plot and per hectare and also significantly reduced the days required for flower appearance from transplanting and days from bud initiation to harvest.ThesisItem Open Access COMPRATIVE PERFORMANCE OF AMARANTH (Amaranthus spp.) GENOTPYES GROWN UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF KONKAN REGION(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-01-13) Dabholkar, P. A.; Haldavanekar, P. C.The present investigation entitled “Comparative performance of amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) genotypes grown under agro-climatic conditions of Konkan region”was carried out at College of Horticulture, Dapoli (M.H), Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkon Krishi Vidyapeeth Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during rabi-summer season in year 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with fifteen treatments as genotypes replicated thrice. During investigation, the analysis of variance revealed that all the characters for leafy and seed production purpose viz. growth parameters, flowering behavior, yield and yield attributing characters and nutritional parameters varied significantly. For leafy purpose, highest plant height (24.93cm) was recorded in DPL-AS-10, maximum number of leaves (14.93) was recorded in DPL-AS-1. The earliest days (23 days) for first harvest was noticed in DPL-AS-8. Highest herbage yield per plot (5.13kg) and per hectare (17.09tons) was recorded in DPL-AS-3. Highest iron and ascorbic acid was registered in DPL-AS-8, maximum β-carotene was recorded in DPL-AS-12 (10.02μg) whereas, highest anthocyanin was found in DPL-AS-5 (232.09mg). For seed purpose, highest plant height (24.93cm), number of leaves (71.20) was recorded in DPL-AS-13, highest number of branches (11.53) was observed in DPL-AS-1. The earliest(32.13 days) for flower initiation was recorded in DPL-AS-8. Maximum inflorescence length (40.14cm) and number of lateral inflorescence (35.20) was recorded in DPL-AS-13. Highest seed yield per plot (279.87g) and per hectare (932.90kg) was recorded in DPL-AS-8. Considering the comparative performance and ranking in terms of leafy and seed purpose of various yield attributing character, it was observed that the genotypes T3, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T13 had shown better performance during rabi-summer season of Konkan region.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of Cape jasmine (Gardenia jasmenoides Ellis.) to Different Propagation Media on Survival and Growth by Stem Cuttings.(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-01-13) Kapare, Gaurav; Thorat, S. B.The present study entitled “Performance of Cape jasmine (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) to different propagation media on survival by stem cuttings” was conducted at Hi Tech Nursery, College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli during 2021-22. The experiment included eight treatments, each of which was repeated three times. In order to prepare the treatments, a variety of media, including soil, sand, vermicompost, rice husks, cocopeat, and farmyard manure (FYM), were combined. The treatment T3 (Soil+ FYM+ Ricehusk) in 1:1:1 proportion was the best for the number of days required for sprouting and had highest survival percentage.
