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ThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND EXPORT OF RICE: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2024-01-30) CHAKRANARAYAN ANKITA DINKAR; Torane S. R.; Kshirsagar P. J.; Sawant P. A.; Thorat T. N.; Naik V. G.The study entitled "Production Processing and export of Rice: An Economic Analysis," was conducted with the specific objectives, relying on both primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through the personal interview. Three districts of north Konkan region of Maharashtra state, India were selected. The final sample consisted three districts, nine tahsils, 18 villages, and 180 rice growers.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMICS OF DAIRY BASED FARMING SYSTEMS IN RATNAGIRI DISTRICT (MAHARASHTRA)(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2023-12-18) JADHAV ANKITA PRAKASH; Bhosale S. S.; Torane S. R.; Borate H. V.; Kulkarni S. M.The present study mainly focuses on profitability of dairy based farming systems in Ratnagiri district. A sample of 90 farmers were selected from the study area. In the study area, four dairy based farming systems were identified.ThesisItem Open Access AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SURANGI (Mammea suriga) IN SINDHUDURG DISTRICT (MAHARASHTRA)(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2023-12-21) SAWANT MANTHAN SURESH; Naik V. G.; Bhosale S. S.; Sawant P. A.; Kulkarni S. M.The present study was mainly based on the cost, returns and profitability of Surangi cultivation in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra. Data were collected from ninety surangi growers for calculating cost and returns whereas primary data from twenty respondents were considered for calculation of establishment cost. Farmers were categorized into small (1-13 trees), medium (14-23), and large (above 24 trees) groups based on number of trees owned by them. Utilizing standard cost concepts, the study aimed to calculate cost return and profitability in surangi cultivation. It was observed that at overall level total cost incurred in surangi cultivation was Rs. 86032.82/ha and total returns were Rs.202902.80/ha. Per quintal cost and productivity for surangi at overall level was Rs. 16583.02 and 5.16 quintal respectively. The benefit cost ratio at overall level was found to be 2.37 which indicates that the Surangi cultivation is profitable.ThesisItem Open Access Farm typology ananysis in midlands of Kerala(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2023-12-21) Aiswarya G. B; Kshirsagar P. J.; Bhosale S. S.; Kadam J. R.; Kulkarni S. M.The present study focuses mainly on the current diversification scenario in the midland region of Kerala. Data were collected from 90 sample famers spread over three districts. i.e., Thiruvananthapuram, Kottayam and Kannur.ThesisItem Open Access RETAIL MARKETING OF SELECTED PROCESSED FRUIT PRODUCTS IN RATNAGIRI DISTRICT (MS)(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2024-01-01) KAMBLE ASMITA SHANTARAM; Kshirsagar P. J.; Torane S. R.; Warwadekar S. C.; Kulkarni S. M.The present study was based on primary data collected from 90 retailers, supermarket owners and 100 sample consumers in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. The data was collected from 6 tehsils of Ratnagiri district namely Dapoli, Khed, Chiplun, Guhaghar, Sangmeshwar and Ratnagiri. As Ratnagiri district is one of the major cashew and mango producing region, a multitude of processed fruit products are manufactured, hence the Ratnagiri district of Konkan region was selected purposively for market study of processed product of mango and cashew nut. The consumer preferences for mango and cashew processed products were assessed using simple ranking and percentages. Notably, the highest consumer preferences were observed for mango pulp, mango pickle, plain roasted cashew nuts and salted cashew nuts among all processed mango and cashew products. The determining factors for purchasing these processed products were identified as taste and price. The consumers in the study area favored smaller-sized packets among the available options of mango and cashew processed products.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RETAIL MARKETING OF VEGETABLES IN RATNAGIRI DISTRICT (MAHARASHTRA)(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2024-01-25) BHOSALE RAJESH ANKUSH; Torane S. R.; Kshirsagar P. J.; Kadam J. R.; Kulkarni S. M.A study on retail vegetable marketing was conducted in Ratnagiri district (Maharashtra) 100 vegetable sellers consisting of 45 roadside vendors and 55 retailers. In the studey area, 38 vegetables were found to be sold in retail markets. Indicating a variety of vegetables made available in consumers baskets.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMICSOF PRODUCTION AND DISPOSAL OF JAMUN IN SINDHUDURG DISTRICT (MAHARASHTRA)(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2023-12-26) ROKADE NEHA PANDITAn aim has been made in the present study to know the production and disposal of jamun in the Sindhudurg district. A sample size of 120 was selected randomly from the Sawantwadi, Malvan, Kudal and Kankavli tehsils. According to objectives, it was revealed from the study that, Jamun growers follow cultural practices like pruning 52.5 per cent and every farmer removes dry branches for a better yield for the next year. Among the different categories of per hectare costs, Cost-A was Rs.38335, Cost-B was Rs.70712 and Cost-C was Rs 79154. At the overall level profit at Cost-A, Cost-B and Cost-C was Rs.38335, Rs.70712 and Rs.79154 respectively. At the overall level, the net return at total cost of production was Rs. 76853. The benefit-cost ratio at a total cost of production was found to be 1.8 in the small-size group, 1.9 in the medium size group, and 2.2 in the large size group, whereas, it was 1.97 at an overall level. Every jamun grower followed marketing practices like sorting and packing. Market efficiency was higher in Channel -III which indicate direct selling to commission agent was more profitable. High labour charges, no harvesting implement and transportation problems were the constraints faced by the jamun grower.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION AND DISPOSAL OF MILK IN RATNAGIRI DISTRICT (MAHARASHTRA)(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2023-12-27) BANEKOL SHUBHAM SHIVAJI; Malave D. B.; Naik V. G.; Borate H. V.; Kulkarni S. M.An attempt has been made in the present research to know the cost of milk production in various categories of milch animals and the level of resources used in milk production in Ratnagiri district. A sample of 90 farmers and 60 consumers were drawn for Chiplun, Sangmeshwar, Dapoli, Khed, Mandangad and Guhaghar tahasils. It was observed from the study area that farmers have an average of 6.04 animals out of 2.23 were local breeds (Kokan kapila),1.88 were crossbreed animals and 1.78 were buffalo. The study revealed that maintenance cost per milch animal during the inter-calving period was high in buffalo (₹ 61450) followed by crossbreed cow (₹ 57,567) and (₹ 39,826) local cow (Kokan Kapila). Benefit-cost ratios were 0.97 in local cows (Konkan Kapila), 1.91 in crossbreed cows and 1.98 in buffalo. In the case of resource use green fodder, and paddy were underused and human labour and concentrates were overused in local cows, crossbreed cows and buffalo. On average out of the total milk produced 60.64 per cent was sold directly to consumers, 30.54 per cent was sold to milk society and 8.87 per cent milk retained for home consumption. Preference for milk and milk products most consumers prefer milk (91.66%) followed by curd (75%), ghee (58.33%) and buttermilk (51.66%). The majority of farmers faced the problem of the scarcity of green fodder in summer and the low cost of milk in a cooperative society.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY AND VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COTTON PRODUCTION IN MAHARASHTRA STATE(Dr.Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2022) DHUNDE, AKASH DNYANESHWAR; Naik, V.G.; Malave, D.B.; Kadam, J.R.; Dhekale, J.S.; Torane, S.R.The present study entitled, “Economic Assessment of Sustainability and Value Chain Analysis of Organic Cotton Production in Maharashtra State” was undertaken with following specific objectives viz., To assess the socio–economic status of cotton growers; To develop the sustainability index and compare organic and conventional cotton production system; To study the cost, returns, profitability and value addition of organic and conventional cotton, To study the value chain in organic and conventional cotton; and To analyse the constraints in organic cotton farming. The primary data required for the study were collected during year 2021-22 from 320 cotton growers covering 4 districts of Maharashtra. On the value chain side the data were collected from 8 ginners and 2 corporate textile companies. The data were collected by adopting personal interview method with the help of specially designed schedule. The present study made use of different statistical techniques such as averages, percentages, Farm Assessment Index (FAI), value chain analysis, Garrett‟s ranking technique. It was found that, out of total sample farmers, 43.75 and 53.13 per cent of conventional and organic growers respectively belonged to younger age group. Farming was dominant occupation for both conventional and organic farmers as 89.37 per cent and 82.50 per cent farmers respectively have reported farming as their main occupation. The sustainability index was developed using the Farm Assessment Index approach giving equal weightage for the social, environmental and economic indices. Total 25 indicators were developed, i.e. Seven social, Eight environmental and Ten economic. Further, the Delphi technique was adopted to screen the list of indicators for developing the index. FAI is a composite index; The weightage to individual indicator was assigned based on these three indicators of sustainability index which was developed using the geometric mean. The overall sustainable index was developed based on social, environmental and economic sustainable indices. The developed sustainability of organic and conventional farmers. It is classified into three group i.e. High, Medium and Vulnerable based on the distribution of overall sustainable index which ranges from minimum to maximum. It was calculated by taking the geometric mean of social, environmental and economical sustainable index. The individual under this category were classified into three categories viz. high, moderate and vulnerable based on values of overall sustainability index. The classification criteria for high sustainable group was values greater than 0.601, for moderate group the range was 0.498 to 0.600 and when values were below 0.497 farmers were said to be vulnerable. Standard deviation for organic and conventional sustainable index were obtained which is 0.033 and 0.017, 0.029 and 0.030, 0.026 and 0.040 for High, Moderate and Vulnerable respectively. Among the total organic and conventional growers, 56 (35%) and 24 (15%) were highly sustainable. In case of moderately sustainability, 86 (53.75%) and 75 (46.87%) farmers were moderately sustainable. Among the total growers in organic and conventional category, out of that, 18 (11.25%) and 61 (38.13%) farmers were found to be vulnerable. It is inferred from above results that organic cotton production is more sustainable than the conventional cotton production. The total cost of production (cost „C‟) of cotton was worked out to Rs. 78609 and Rs. 64103 in conventional and organic cotton cultivation, respectively. Traditional fertilizer is used by Organic growers i.e. Jeevamrit, Ghanajeevamrit and Vermicompost. In case of the conventional and organic cotton growers, out of the total cost of production, the cost was found to be maximum for wages (hired and owned) (31.17% and 38.69%), followed by rental value of land (17.65% and 21.65%), cost of fertilizers (8.77% and 5.47%), bullock charges (8.17% and 8.17%), manure (7.59% and 7.63%) and insecticides (6.21% and 2.48%) in conventional and organic cotton production respectively. Similarly, it was also found that, out of the total cost, the input cost, cost „A‟ and cost „B‟ were comprising 59.91 per cent and 46.07 per cent, 62.82 per cent and 48.50 per cent and, 80.47 per cent and 70.15 per cent respectively. The per hectare conventional and organic cotton production was found to be 15.36 qtls. and 12.94 qtls. The per hectare gross returns obtained from conventional and organic cotton production was Rs. 125245 and Rs. 119339. The net profit at total cost for conventional and organic cotton production were worked out to be Rs. 46636 and Rs. 55195. However, the benefit-cost ratio on was estimated to be 1.59 and 1.86 for conventional and organic cultivation respectively. This indicated that, organic cotton production was more profitable in the study area. The cotton underwent processing in four stages, viz. ginning, spinning, weaving and garment manufacturing to reach the end users. In the ginning process, one quintal of cotton yielded 35 kg lint, 64 kg seed and 1 kg waste. The 35 kg of lint underwent further processing in spinning process and yielded 29.69 kg yarn and 5.31 kg waste. The 29.69 kg yarn underwent further processing in the weaving process and yielded 28.96 kg of cloth and 0.73 kg as waste. The 28.96 kg cloth is equivalent to 106 m of cloth. Finally, 70 shirts were made from 106 m of cloth and 1.27 m of cloth was obtained as waste. The net value added as a result of processing of conventional and organic cotton to lint was Rs. 1916 and Rs. 2406 per quintal of cotton processed, lint to yarn was Rs. 2408 and Rs. 3131 on 35kg of lint processed, yarn to cloth was Rs. 9429 and Rs. 12511 per 29.69 kg of yarn processed, cloth to garment was of Rs. 37233 and Rs. 54651. An additional value to an extent of Rs. 50987 and Rs. 72699 in conventional and organic group respectively was created in the course of processing cotton into cotton textile. Garmenting unit receive 154.54 per cent returns from finished product i.e. 1 shirt investment in cotton value chain activity and the retail price of finished product (Shirt) made from conventional and organic cotton was Rs. 1350 and Rs. 1904 respectively. The share that accrue to the different value chain players from conventional cotton, the price received for one shirt are Garmenting (69.64%), followed by Weaver (23.89%), Spinner (10.89%), Ginner (7.26%) and Farmer contributes lowest share in consumers rupee i.e. (5.01%). The net value addition from Cotton Value Chain (CVC) came from Garmenting (73.21%) followed by Weaver (18.36%), Spinner (4.69%), Ginner (3.73%). In case of organic cotton, the price received for one shirt are Garmenting (66.6%), followed by Weaver (21.2%), Spinner (9.7%), Ginner Rs. 125.7 (6.6%) and Farmer contributes lowest share in consumers (4.6%). The net value addition from CVC came from Garment industry (75.80%) followed by Weaver (17.10%), Spinner (4.28%), Ginner (3.29%). The value addition in organic cotton was more than conventional cotton. The major production constraints faced by conventional cotton growers were high or increasing input cost and to apply fertilizer to sustain or to increase yield. In case of organic growers, scarcity of labour during peak operation season is the major issue and it was ranked first (average score 73.83). Because of labour shortage wage rate was high, 35 per cent is contributed towards labour wages so scarcity of labour and resulting in increase in wage rate still add the cost. So farmer feel that this is second most impactful (average score 61.44) constraint in cotton production process. Major marketing constraints faced by farmers are quality (Quality parameter) (average score 60.21) in case of organic farmers followed by volatile price in the market and Link to the market only through middlemen affect profitability. The major problem faced by conventional cotton growers was inability to attract the premium price for their produce as organic growers are benefited with extra premium paid to their produce. Organic cotton farming promises to be a more sustainable form of agriculture that is aimed at producing food in a more environmental friendly, economically viable and socially just way. Organic agriculture thus potentially provides means of addressing both human and environmental predicaments. It shows several benefits, as it reduces many of the environmental impacts of conventional agriculture; it reduces reliance on costly external inputs, and guarantees price premium for organic produce. Organic farmers also benefit from organizing in farmer cooperatives and the building of social networks, which provide them with better access to training, credit and health services. Organic agriculture generally reduces the vulnerability of farmers as the higher organic prices act as buffer against the low prices and price volatility of conventional markets, as organic systems are often more resilient against extreme weather events. The present study has shown that, the use of organic cotton can add value at each stage of the production process, both to farmers and intermediaries. Organic methods also have wider social and environmental benefits that come from the use of sustainable methods.
