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M. Sc. Dissertations
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ThesisItem Open Access Tissue culture studies in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa Linn.)(CCSHAU, 2011) Rajesh Kumar; Kharb, PusphaIn the present investigation attempts were made to develop an efficient protocol for in vitro plant regeneration in Medicago sativa L. Initiation of callus formation from hypocotyl explants was observed within 13-15 days of culture. Initiation of callus formation from cotyledons explants was observed within 13-15 days of culture. Maximum callus formation was obtained in R3 medium containing MS basal + NAA (1.0 mg/l) + Kinetin (0.3 mg/l). Maximum number of shoots was obtained in R12 medium containing MS basal + NAA (1.0 mg/l) and Kinetin (0.5mg/l). MS basal medium was used for roots induction, roots were observed after 14 days with very good quality.In media R2 (MS basal + NAA 0.1mg/l + 2 IP 1.0 mg/l) and R8 (MS basal +NAA 2.0 mg/l), when shoots were left little longer rooting occurred. After transplantation, 73.3% plants survived and these plants looked normal with no morphological changes in leaf structure and plant type.Thus in the present study, regeneration protocol in Medicago sativa L variety T9 has been developed using hypocotyls and cotyledon explants.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes against Plutella xylostella (L.) on cabbage(CCSHAU, 2011) Rajesh Kumar; Ram SinghPresent investigation on “Evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes against Plutella xylostella (L.) on cabbage” was carried out in laboratory and screen-house. The investigation focused on the selection of appropriate indigenous strain of EPN, its application as foliar spray and its compatibility with currently used insecticides and Bt against Plutella xylostella on cabbage. EPN isolates (Steinernema asiaticum, Steinernema sp. RB-5 and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) were used to know the effectiveness against P. xylostella. Third instar larvae of P. xylostella were susceptible to all three EPNs isolates. Steinernema sp. (RB-5) was least virulent (larval mortality 15.62%) after 96h whereas highest virulence was observed in S. asiaticum (larval mortality 65.62%) at 20±1ºC. Nematode multiplication (no. of IJs recovered per larva) was recorded highest (1226) in S. asiaticum. On the basis of highest mortality and maximum nematode multiplication S. asiaticum was selected for further studies on its pathogenic potential, compatibility with insecticides, effect of temperature on its growth and development, and its efficacy against P. xylostella as foliar spray. LC50 value of S. asiaticum was worked out to be 11.2 by using Probit analysis. At 20 and 25 ˚C, S. asiaticum caused 45 and 80 per cent mortality after 96 h. S. asiaticum caused significant insect mortality even at the high temperatures. S. asiaticum was effective within 20-35 °C, with optimum insect mortality at 30 °C. Nematode multiplication was maximum at 30 °C. Maximum IJs recovery was at 30 (279) and 35˚C (228). Maximum nematode growth and development took place at 35 °C. S. asiaticum was compatible with endosulfan, malathion and Bt and it can be incorporated in the IPM programme for management of P. xylostella. Split application (15000 + 15000 IJs) of S. asiaticum IJs proved better and resulted in 48.33 per cent mortality as compared to single dose (30,000) that caused 36 per cent mortality.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of planting time on growth, yield and quality of bt cotton (gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes(CCSHAU, 2012) Rajesh Kumar; Bhattoo, M.S.A study entitled, Effect of planting time on growth, yield and quality of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes , was conducted at CCS, Haryana Agricultural University, Cotton Research Station, Sirsa during Kharif 2011. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture and slightly high in pH. Soil tested low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. The combination of four dates of sowing viz. D1=3rd week of April (20th April), D2=1st week of May (6th May), D3=3rd week of May (18th May) and D4=1st week of June (6th June) were kept in main plots and three genotypes viz., V1= RCH 134, V2= NCS 855 and V3= Bio 6488 were kept in sub plots. Maximum plant height and dry matter was recorded at 3rd week of May sowing. Maximum sympods, number of bolls, yield plant-1, seed cotton yield and lint yield ha-1 were recorded in early sowing (D1 and D2) which were significantly higher than late sowing (D3 and D4). Plant height was highest in NCS 855 but the dry matter production was significantly higher in RCH 134. Sympods, number of bolls, yield plant-1, seed cotton yield and lint yield ha-1 were significantly higher in NCS 855 than RCH 134 but it was statistically at par with Bio 6488. All the fibre quality parameters were not affected significantly by dates of sowing except fibre strength which was found better in late sowing. Uniformity ratio and fibre fineness were found better in RCH 134 than other two genotypes but the span length was superior in NCS 855. Significantly higher protein content (%) in cotton seed was recorded in D3 than all other sowing dates. However, oil content (%) was recorded significantly higher in D1 and D2 than D3 and D4. Genotype RCH 134 recorded significantly higher oil and protein content than Bio 6488 and NCS 855. Early sowing had a significant effect on available N, P and K (kg ha-1) in the soil. Availabe N (kg ha-1) was found more in RCH 134 sown field in 0-15 cm soil depth and in Bio 6488 in 15-30 cm depth but the available phosphorus and potash (kg ha-1) was highest with significant differences in Bio- 6488 and NCS 855, respectively. Sowing on 3rd week of April resulted in higher total cost of cultivation, gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio than all other sowing dates. NCS 855 genotype produced higher cost of cultivation, gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio as compared to other genotypes.