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M. Sc. Dissertations

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2009 - 200912010 - 20124
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Subject: Fisheries × Start date: 2009 ×
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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the breeding behaviour of guppy fish, poecilia reticulata (Peters), under laboratory conditions
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Godara, Sunita; Yadava, N. K.
    Guppy (Poecilia reticulata (Peters)) is an important ornamental aquarium fish. Courtship behaviour of this fish has been of interest to ecologists and evolutionary biologists. This is a cannibalistic fish which creates problems in keeping this fish in the aquaria. The adult guppy fishes were procured from the local market. These fishes were put in an aquarium of 24” ×12”×12” size, having filled with pond water. The fishes were fed on natural food @ 800-1000 zooplankton per aquarium on alternate days and artificial food (Toya Fish Food) @ 1g per aquarium twice a day was given. These feed levels kept the hydrological factors at optimum range. The aquarium was provided with water plants like Hydrilla and Ceratophyllum to give shelter to the new born. The latter were segregated each day and then transferred to other culture tanks as explained above to avoid predation by the adult fishes. The length and weight of the growing male and female fishes fed on above mentioned feed was monitored at different ages. The age specific size of the fishes was then determined. Mature males and females in different ratios were taken in the experimental aquarium and their behavioural displays towards each other were recorded in large number of trials and comparisons were made. The observations on female and male mate choices as influenced by the size, color and number of opposite sex and reproductive stages were recorded. The time budget of males and females of different ages and reproductive stages, and in different sex ratios were also recorded. The effect of previous feeding levels on the future time budgets of males was also studied. In breeding experiments, effect of different sex ratios (female: male) on the fecundity of female guppy fish was recorded. Likewise, effect of four protection designs on the gestation period and fecundity of female, and survival of young guppy fish were determined. Guppy fish raised on the recommended food source showed proportionate body growth with age. The anal fin in 8 weeks old males (2.5 cm) developed in to gonopodium and in 12 weeks old males (3.0 cm) gonopodium hood was developed. At this age/size, the males were considered to be capable of mating, although it was not certain whether sperms were available or not in such males. Males showed sigmoid displays and sneaky mating attempts where as females showed approach and fleeing behavior. In 1: 1 female: male ratio, all the males showed sigmoid displays only, and none showed sneaky mating attempts. However, when the males of different ages/sizes competed for the mate, they showed both kinds of displays; the frequency of sneaky display/ attempt was lower than the sigmoid display. It was further indicated that males of 3.5 cm length were sexually mature to attract the virgin females for mating, and female of guppy fish preferred large males for mating over the smaller ones and orange males over the dull coloured males. The female of guppy fish were found to copy the mate choice behaviour of other female in competition. Like female guppy fish, the males also had distinct choice for females of large size and a reproductive stage. The males showed maximal preference for mature virgin and bearer-unmated females. When two males compete for a virgin or bearer-unmated female, the first male showed, in majority of the cases, sigmoid display whereas second male in majority cases resorted to sneaky mating attempts. The same trend was followed in case of females with other reproductive stages. Young males of guppy fish (up to 4 weeks old) spent most of their time in feeding, which was reduced gradually with the age (size) of the fish. When a virgin mature female was provided to a male, the young males engaged mostly in feeding whereas mature males engaged in the pursuit of females. When multiple females were provided to a male, the latter involved more and more in the chasing of females. The present feeding level of the males also influenced the future feeding and courtship behaviour of the males. Female fishes in all the reproductive stages, if kept alone, spent most of their time in feeding. Presence of males severely influenced the time budget of female guppy fishes. Variation in sex ratio was found to influence the fecundity in female guppy fish. An optimum 1: 3 sex-ratio resulted into maximum fecundity in the females of this fish. All the female showed almost equal gestation period before giving birth to the young ones (range 21-25 days). The fecundity, though could not reach at optimum level as realized in previous experiment, yet it was uniform (about 58) in all the four types of aquaria. The survival of young fry and young fishes in aquarium design-II was significantly higher than those in other three aquarium designs.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of vermicompost as pond fertilizer on growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio linn.)
    (CCSHAU, 2010) Bansal, Nitish; Gupta, R. K.
    In the present investigations, the experiment was carried out in .0033 ha.sized ponds at the fish hatchary farm of CCSHAU, Hisar for 150 days to study the effect of vermicompost as pond fertilizer on growth performance of common carp. The different organic fertilizers viz. Vermicompost @10000kg/ha/yr, vermicompost @ 5000kg/ha/yr and cowdung @10000kg/ha/yr were used to monitored their effect on water quality parameters and fish growth. One forth dose of fertilizers were applied 15 days prior to fish stocking and remaining doses given at fortnightly interval. The fry/fingerlings were stocked @ 10000/ha/yr and fed upon supplemented feed given at 5% of their body weight. The water parameters like DO, pH, K, P and NH4-N was found in optimum range in all treated ponds and observed maximum value under the vermicompost @ 10000kg/ha/yr. The range of pH(7.90 +0.016 – 8.19+0.007 mg/l), Dissolved oxygen (7.136+0.012 – 7.22+0.01mg/l), Potassium (18.392+0.027 – 22.688+0.014mg/l), Phosphorous (0.137+0.001 - 0.166+0.001mg/l) and NH4-N (0.107+0.0 - 0.127+0.001mg/l) increased significantly(P<0.05) in the ponds received vermicompost @ 10000kg/ha/yr. As vermicompost easily and large amount of nutrients( N,P,K) release in water due to which plankton production also found to be highest in ponds treated with vermicompost @ 10000kg/ha/yr. Growth of fishes also observed maximum where the plankton population was maximum. So, it is concluded that vermicompost @ 10000kg/ha/yr shows maximum growth of fishes followed by vermicompost @5000kg/ha/yr and cowdung @10000kg/ha/yr. There is three times more growth of fishes occurred in vermicompost @ 10000kg/ha/yr as compare to control where no fertilizers were used. All the observed data statistically analysed by using completely randomized design (CRD) at 5% level of significance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of vermicompost as pond fertilizer on the growth performance of Indian major carps
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Kaur, Jyotsaroop; Gupta, R.K.
    In the present investigations, the experiment was carried out in .0033 ha. sized ponds at the fish hatchary farm of CCSHAU, Hisar for 150 days to study the impact of vermicompost as pond fertilizer on the growth performance of Indian major carps. The different organic fertilizers viz. Vermicompost @ 15000kg/ha/yr, Vermicompost @ 10000kg/ha/yr, vermicompost @ 5000kg/ha/yr and cowdung @ 10000kg/ha/yr were used to monitored their effect on water quality parameters and growth of fishes. One forth dose of fertilizers were applied 15 days prior to fish stocking and remaining doses given at fortnightly interval. The fry/fingerlings were stocked @ 10000/ha/yr and fed upon supplemented feed given at 2% of their body weight. The water parameters like DO, pH, alkalinity, hardness, free CO2 and planktons were found in optimum range in all treated ponds. The maximum value of Dissolved oxygen (7.314 ± 0.060 to 7.573 ± 0.047mg/l), Phytoplanktons (536.000 ± 5.099 to 5210.00 ± 4.45 no/l) and Zooplanktons (186.000 ± 2.449 to 1782.00 ± 5.83 no/l) was observed under the vermicompost @ 10000kg/ha/yr. While that of pH (7.258 ± 0.54 to 8.251± 0.041mg/l), Alkalinity (199.320 ± 0.524 to 326 ± 0.743mg/l), Hardness (198.600 ± 0.872 to 252.640 ± 0.172 mg/l) and Free CO2 (0.812 ± 0.006 to 4.720 ± 0.037mg/l) were maximum in vermicompost @15000kg/ha/yr. The range of water parameters increased significantly (P<0.05) in the ponds. All the three species gained maximum growth in vermicompost 10,000 kg/ha/yr, followed by vermicompost @ 15000kg/ha/yr, vermicompost @ 5000 kg/ha/yr and cow dung @ 10000 kg/ha/yr. . Among the 3 species Catla catla showed maximum growth followed by Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo rohita.There was two times more growth of Indian major carps as compared to control in pond treated with vermicompost @10000kg/ha/yr. All the observed data was statistically analysed by using completely randomized design (CRD) at 5% level of significance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of herbal additives on the growth, survival and disease resistance in black molly, poecilia sphenops (Val.)
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Anita kumari; Gupta, R.K.
    Ornamental fishe trade earns foreign exchange besides serving as a source of employment. Diseases are a crucial factor which inhibits the expansion of aquaculture. Moreover, the bacterial infections are considered the major cause of mortality in aquaculture. Use of herb plants in aquaculture is gaining success. Recently it is considered as an alternative to antibiotics, chemicals in fish health management. The present investigation was designed for a period of six weeks to study the influence of herbal additives on the growth, diseases resistance and survival in black molly, Poecilia sphenops. From diseased fish black molly (Poecilia sphenops) six bacterial strains were isolated and identified. The herbal extract of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Aloe vera (aloe) and Emblica officinalis were tested to find out there antibacterial properties against isolated bacteria under in in vitro condition. All herbal extract showed inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria, but Emblica officinalis extract was most effective among all herbal extract. Future studies were conducted to test the efficacy and potential of most suitable herb extract (Emblica officinalis) under in vivo conditions. Fish fed with herbal extract (Emblica officinalis) in different concentration (@1, 1.5 and 2% of feed ingredients) gave better results in terms of hematological parameters, growth and percent survival rate as compare to control group. Level of Hb, TEC, TLC and PCV was highest in fish fed with Emblica officinalis diet @ 1.5% followed by Emblica officinalis diet @ 1%, 2% of feed and then control group. Emblica officinalis extract @ 1.5% of feed yield highest mean weight (4.23g) and length (3.62cm) gain. The highest survival rate (95.8%) was also observed in Emblica officinalis fed group at 1.5 per cent concentration. Hence the alternative herbal biomedicines prove to be very effective in aqua-cultural operations.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of herbal additives on the growth, survival and disease resistance in swordtail, xiphophorus helleri (Haeckel)
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Kalyankar, Amol D.; Gupta, R.K.
    Ornamental fishes form an important commercial component of aquaculture providing for aesthetic requirements and upkeep of the environment. Diseases are a crucial factor which inhibits the expansion of aquaculture. Moreover, the bacterial infections areconsidered the major cause of mortality in aquaculture. Use of herb plants in aquaculture is gaining success. Recently it is considered as an alternative to antibiotics, chemicals in fish health management. The present investigation was designed for a period of six weeks to study the influence of herbal additives on the growth, diseases resistanceand survival in Swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri. From diseased fish Swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) six bacterial strains were isolated and identified. The herbal extract of Allium sativum (Garlic), Raulfia serpentina(sarpgandha), Zingibera rhizoma (Ginger) and Allium cepa (Onion) were tested to find out there antibacterial properties against isolated bacteria under in in vitro condition. All herbal extract showed inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria, but Allium sativum extract was most effective among all herbal extract. Future studies were conducted to test the efficacy and potential of most suitable herb extract (Allium sativum) under in vivoconditions. Fish fed with herbal extract (Allium sativum) in different concentration (@1, 1.5 and 2% of feed ingredients) gave better results in terms of growth, survival and hematological parameters, however Allium sativum extract @ 1.5% of feed was most effective among alldiets. Hence the alternative herbal biomedicines prove to be very effective in aqua-cultural operations.