M. Sc. Dissertations

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Open Access
A study on domestic violence against married rural women in Hisar district
(CCSHAU, 2010) Gaitri; Dahiya, Manju
The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. The secondary data was taken from Protection officer, mini secretariat Hisar and blocks and villages were selected on the availability of the respondents by telephonic and their regular visit to the protection office. A sample of 60 respondents was taken. In addition to the secondary data, data was also collected personally with the help of the well structured interview schedule. The investigator paid 3-4 visits to bring the victims in comfort zone. Result revealed that majority of the respondents were facing all five types of violence but emotional violence was the most prominent among them, followed by verbal type of violence and physical violence. Majority of the respondents belonged to age group of 20-30 years and from Low caste having, joint type and medium size family. With no work and faced violence by their husband in form of emotional (100%), verbal (96.66%), physical (95.10%), economical (88.33%) and sexual (41.67%) violence. Majority of the respondents belonged to three categories i.e. Illiterate, high school and senior secondary level of education having no source of income and were not involved in financial matters and their source of information was from relative with almost no social participation because they have low mass media contact. Among the various type of physical violence faced by the respondents slapping ranks Ist, followed by beating (II), twisting (III), pulling of hair (IV),Whereas among verbal type of violence, Name calling ranks at First, followed by Sarcastic words (II), Angry out burst (III) and Taunting (IV). Forcing to get out of house ranks at first followed by disposing stridhan (II) and non payments of bills (III) were the main economic violence. As far as sexual violence is concerned humiliation/ degrading the victims dignity ranks at First position followed by forced intercourse and entertain others. Constant criticism (I), Ignoring, dismissing (II) and denying the basic facility (III) were the main cause of emotional violence. Information regarding marital status revealed that only 5 percent respondents were divorcee and 3.33 percent were widows. As far as Psychological variable is concerned majority of the respondents reported that they were not allowed to leave the home and faced forced isolation in the family, Among the social and cultural causes affecting the domestic violence, male dominance in the society was the main cause (96.00%), followed by Alcohol (86.34%),dowry/bride price(81.67%) and extra marital relationship (75.00%), Whereas among the economic causes, economic dependence was faced by almost all the respondents, followed by keeping an account of single penny. Consequences of domestic violence faced by the respondents in the form of mental out comes revealed that majority of the respondents were under depression (33.33%) followed by anxiety (23.33%) and eating disorders ((13.33%). At physical level, physical injuries (30.00%), followed by headache (16.66%) and miscarriage (13.33%) were the major outcomes faced by the respondents. At family level, lack of interaction among the family members was the major out come. Lack of intimacy with husband (25.00%) and unsuitable atmosphere for the children were the other major out come at family level faced by the respondents. At societal level majority of the respondents faced humiliating or undermining remarks by the society (63.33%), followed by neglected by friends (20.00%) and deprived of leading a normal life (16.67%).
Open Access
Feasibility of vermicomposting as an enterprise for rural women
(CCSHAU, 2012) Tayal, Ankita; Varma, Shashi Kanta
For assessing the feasibility of vermicomposting for rural women, two blocks namely Hisar-I and Hisar- II of Hisar district of Haryana state were selected randomly. Out of the selected blocks, two villages namely Harikot and Tokas patan were selected at random. A sample of 100 rural women i.e. 50 from each village was drawn and 30 women i.e. 15 from each selected village were selected who were interested in having training on vermicomposting. Various socio-personal, economic, psychological and communication variables constituted the independent variables and knowledge, attitude, skill and symbolic adoption constituted the dependent variables for the study. Data were collected with the help of pre-tested structured interview schedule. The inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency, percentages, paired ‘t’ test, weighted mean score, impact assessment index and correlation. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to younger age group, were illiterate, married, having nuclear family, had farming as their main occupation and belonged to middle caste having annual income between 40,001-60,000 possessing marginal with negligible social participation, owning mixed type of houses and small herd size. Most of the respondents had medium change proneness, high economic motivation and low risk orientation. Intra family decisions were taken mostly by husband alone while entrepreneurial decisions were taken jointly by most of the respondents. Majority of the respondents had low mass media exposure. Awareness of rural women regarding vermicomposting was very low at pre-exposure stage but awareness was very high at post-exposure stage. Sufficient gain in knowledge and change in attitude was recorded for all the sub-components of vermicomposting after exposure to training which was highly significant at 0.05 per cent level of significance. Impact assessment of vermicomposting training was found to be of moderate level. Most of the respondents had acquired medium skills after exposure to training. Majority of respondents had high symbolic adoption and were willing to adopt vermicomposting with somewhat difficulty and had high overall acceptability. Most of the respondents perceived marketing and economic constraints at 1st and 2nd rank. No significant relationship of independent variables with dependent variables was recorded.
Open Access
Impact of media on fads and fallacies during prenatal period: A cross-cultural study
(CCSHAU, 2016) Kothiyal, Minakshi; Goel, Rita
The present study was conducted in Dehradun district of state Uttarakhand and Hisar district of state Haryana. Sixty respondents from three age groups of 20 to 60 years i.e., 20 to 33yrs, 34 to 46 yrs and 47 to 60 yrs were selected randomly from each district to study the fads and fallacies of rural women during prenatal period. Results revealed thatmajority of the respondents in both the districts followed the fads and fallacies during prenatal period and had favourable attitude towards fads and fallacies in pre exposure stage. After the assessment of the existing knowledge and attitude towards fads and fallacies during prenatal period, a print media package consisting of a poster, charts and booklet were prepared in Hindi. Standard procedure for development of media was followed. The effectiveness of booklet was assessed through several parameters. Overall weighted mean scores revealed that accuracy, coverage, objectivity, content presentation, illustration and compatibility were perceived to be high for all the information covered in booklet. Effectiveness of charts and poster in terms of visual quality, content importance and text was rated as high. Inter consistency reliability for booklet, poster and charts were found to be statistically significant at 5 per cent level of significance. The impact of print media package was found to be significant for change in knowledge and attitude. Education (r=0.557), family income (r=0.870) and mass media exposure (r=0.470), had positive and significant relationship with change in knowledge. Attitudinal change of rural women was found to be positively and significantly related with family income (r=0.578), material possession (r=0.509) and social participation (r=0.665). Therefore, it can be concluded that women who were educated, had high family income and high mass media exposure had sufficient change in knowledge and favourable attitude towards curbing fads and fallacies during prenatal period after the exposure of media package.
Open Access
Feasibility of value added products of maize as an enterprise for rural women
(CCSHAU, 2015) Rekha Kumari; Sethi, Nishi
For assessing the feasibility of value added products of maize as an enterprise for rural women, two villages of Thansar block of Kurukshtra district i.e. Jyotisar and Bhor Shaida were selected randomly. A sample of 100 respondents i.e. 50 from each village was drawn for creating awareness on maize importance, processing and its products and 20 women respondents from each selected village were selected randomly who were interested to undertake training on value added products of maize. Various socio- personal, economic, psychological and communication variables constituted the independent variables and awareness, knowledge, attitude, skill acquisition, symbolic adoption and economic feasibility which constituted the dependent variables. Data were collected with the help of pre- tested structured interview schedule. The inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency, percentage, paired ‘t’ test, weighted mean score and correlation. The study revealed that most of the respondents were of lower middle age group, educated up to middle class, belonged to lower caste, were married, had medium family education status, nuclear family with medium family size, were agricultural labourer, had negligible social participation and had pucca type of house and had medium annual income. Majority of the respondents were landless, having medium material possession and had high transportation means. Most of the respondents had medium change proneness, medium risk orientation, economic motivation, took decision jointly either intra family or entrepreneurial decisions followed by decision taken jointly. Most of the respondents were having medium mass media exposure, medium localite and low cosmopolite source of information utilization. The general awareness of the respondents regarding value added products of maize was low; however, awareness was high at post- exposure level. Majority of the respondents of pooled sample found value added products of maize simple, triabile, relative advantageous, physical compatible and cultural compatible. Sufficient gain in knowledge regarding value added products of maize was found for sub-component i.e. ingredients, methods of preparation, precaution during preparation etc. The respondents succeeded in changing their attitude at post-exposure in both the villages and acquired medium skill on all the aspects of value added products of maize. Impact was of moderate level with medium level of symbolic adoption and willing to adopt with somewhat difficulty as an enterprise and for home consumption. The overall acceptability of value added products of maize was of medium level. Economic and marketing constraints were perceived as the main constraints in adoption of maize products. Knowledge was significantly correlated with land holding, negatively but significantly correlated with caste and family size. There was no significant relationship between most of the independent variables and change in attitude or knowledge gain. Benefit cost ratio was obtained as 1.83 for maize laddoo and namkeen sev thus considered to be economically viable and profitable for enterprise.
Open Access
Knowledge and adoption of improved practices in integrated paddy cultivation and animal husbandry by farm women
(CCSHAU, 2015) Reena; Seema Rani
The study was conducted to assess knowledge and adoption of improved practices in integrated paddy cultivation and animal husbandry by farm women. It was undertaken purposively selected district kurukshetra, Haryana. Total 160 rural women farmers from small land holding categories growing rice along with animal husbandry were selected purposively. In paddy cultivation the knowledge and adoption were assessed in term of pre-production, production, plant protection, post harvesting, marketing practices and improved farm implements. In animal husbandry the knowledge and adoption were calculated in term of housing, feeding, pregnant animal and calf management, breeding management, health management, milking management and marketing practices. Person correlation coefficients were calculated to explore the factors affecting farm women’s knowledge and adoption of improved practices. Majority of respondents had higher knowledge about pre-production (knowledge mean score 4.61) followed by post harvesting (knowledge mean score 4.17) and production (knowledge mean score knowledge mean score 3.39). Low level of knowledge of rural women was found in plant protection (knowledge mean score 1.63) and marketing (knowledge mean score 1.54). In animal husbandry higher knowledge was found in breeding management (knowledge mean score 4.88) followed by milking management (knowledge mean score 4.71), health management (knowledge mean score 4.66), pregnant animal and calf management (knowledge mean score 4.13) and housing (knowledge mean score 3.51). Medium level of knowledge of women was found in case of feeding (knowledge mean score 3.0). The poor knowledge of respondents among all the practices was found about marketing (1.54). Maximum respondents were aware of sprayer followed by paddy reaper, paddy thresher, transplanter, rotary weeder and conoweeder. In paddy cultivation higher level of adoption was found in pre-production (adoption mean score 4.56) and post harvesting (adoption mean score 3.88), followed by medium in production (adoption mean score 2.56), plant protection (adoption mean score 2.39) and low in pest control (adoption mean score 1.60). In animal husbandry higher adoption was in health managements (adoption mean score 4.79) followed by breeding management (adoption mean score 4.66), milking management (4.24), pregnant animals and calf management (adoption mean score 4.12) and housing (adoption mean score 3.86). Medium level of adoption was found in feeding (adoption mean score 3.0). The low level of adoption was found about marketing (adoption mean score 1.08). Majority of the respondents used sprayers followed by transplanter, paddy reaper and paddy thresher. Age, family size and livestock ownership were positively correlated with women knowledge in paddy cultivation and age also positively correlated with women knowledge in animal husbandry. Family type, family size and farm assets were positively correlated with adoption by women in paddy cultivation.
Open Access
Impact of employment on women empowerment
(CCSHAU, 2014) Usha Devi; Mehta, Sudershan
The study was conducted in Hisar city, Haryana state. From Hisar city , a sample of 100 working women from different professions i.e.20 each working as school teachers, college lecturers, doctors, nurses and clerks both in public and private sectors were selected randomly. Majority of the respondents were found to be working by choice (88.00%).77.00 percent respondents hand over their salary to their husbands.73.00 percent respondents were found in high level of decision-making. 93.00 respondents were taking independent decision on purchasing for themselves. Whereas decisions regarding house repair and construction (84.00%), and education of children (81.00%) were taken jointly with husbands. Majority of the respondents had freedom to visit local market and applying for new job .Further results revealed that majority of the respondents were involved in making decision related to family financial issues. None of the respondents were found to be in favour of violence against women. 52.00 percent respondents were found in category of high level of empowerment index .Majority of the respondents perceived that they have become more confident, progressive and their self esteem has increased and their recognition at workplace and in the society has increased. Overall perception level of the respondents was high (74.00%). The respondents having higher level of education, less no. of children in the family, more service experience and from service class were found to be comparatively more empowered on all the indicators of women empowerment. Education of the respondents, family size, spouse age difference, family occupation and income of the respondents were found to be positively and significantly correlated with perception of the respondents about their empowerment.
Open Access
Awareness about safety against sexual harassment among School girls of panchkula district
(CCSHAU, 2014) Arya, Saurabh; Kousik, Sushama
The present investigation was carried out in one urban and one rural co-educational Senior Secondary schools of panchkula district of Haryana state. 25 girl students from classes 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th were selected randomly from each school, making a total sample of 200 girls. 50 mothers and 25 teachers from rural and urban areas were also selected as per availability. Well-structured interview schedules was constructed separately for girls, mothers and teachers for data collection. A set of 21 independent and 3 dependent variables were selected for investigation. Result revealed that most of respondents had medium mass media exposure and low social participation, medium leadership qualities and high self confidence. Medium level of anxiety, depression, loss of behavioural emotional control, emotional ties and life satisfaction was observed , while high level of general positive effects was found. Most of students travelled 2 to 5km to school and majority walked with friends. A large majority of rural (92%) and urban (81%) respondents admitted about prevalence of sexual harassment. Public transport and road side were the most harassment prone places, 42 per cent of rural and 15 per cent of urban respondents perceived home as a potential places of harassment. Strangers were mostly responsible for harassment followed by driver/servant, neighbor/visitors and relatives and cousins. Regarding harassment in school, 60 per cent of rural and 52 per cent of urban girls faced harassment in school at any given time and school gate was the most common place of harassment. Though mothers were aware of safety of girls, they did not perceive as much threat of unsafely at home as their daughters perceived. The most important cause of sexual harassment felt by girls was to display sense of power. About one third girls did not tell anybody about sexual harassment. Regarding safety measures at home, majority of rural and urban girls had high awareness; however, rural mothers had medium awareness. Similarly in case of safety in school, social setting and internet safety, rural mothers had low to medium awareness. Overall mothers had poor awareness regarding some of the symptoms of a harassed child and traits of harasser. Very few mothers talked about sex and sexuality with their girls. Anxiety and depression were found negatively and significantly related with feeling of safety. No relationship of most of independent variables was found with prevalence of sexual harassment. Based on focus group discussion, several factors causing sexual harassment emerging suggestions at individual girls level, parental level, school level and societal level have been presented.
Open Access
Impact assessment of mid day meal programme in Hisar district
(CCSHAU, 2014) Bisht, Bhanu Priya; Goel, Rita
The study “Impact Assessment of Mid Day Meal Programme in Hisar district” was conducted in Haryana covering 2 blocks and 4 villages of Hisar district with purposive selection of Government Primary Schools and randomized sample of 100 children (25 children from each school). The respective mothers of the sampled children (100 mothers) and 10 teachers responsible for MDM activities in the sampled schools were also interviewed for the study. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge of the mothers about MDM programme; to assess the impact of the programme on nurtritional and educational status of beneficiaries and to assess the constraints in the programme. It was found that the majority of the mothers possessed medium knowledge about the MDM programme. The knowledge of the mothers was significantly influenced by independent variables (caste, education, land holding, cosmopoliteness, mass media exposure and attitude towards the programme). The anthropometric assessment of the children revealed that height and weight of the children were significantly lower than that of WHO reference (2007). High extent impact of the programme on nutritional and educational status of beneficiaries was reported by majority of the stakeholders on indicators such as classroom hunger, height, weight, morbidity, enrolment, attendance, drop out and retention. But the results on perceived impact of the programme on span of attention and academic performance of the children concluded that the programme had not made any significant impact on these two indicators. Thus, improvement in quality of education still remains a major unresolved issue to be tackled by the programme. The assessment of constraints in MDM programme depicted that poor quality of raw materials, lack of infrastructure for washing utensils, lack of utensils for cooking and serving, corruption and less remuneration for cooks were the major constraints as perceived by majority of the mothers and the teachers.
Open Access
Internet use pattern among college students: Gender analysis
(CCSHAU, 2014) Jyoti; Batra, Asha
The present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana State was selected purposively. Simple random sampling was applied to select 100 boys and 100 girls students. The findings revealed that majority of male respondents accessed computer as compare to female and they accessed computer from more than 2 years. One third of male and half female respondents accessed internet connection on their computer. Male respondents used BSNL internet connection and female respondents used Vodafone internet connection and both male and female respondents liked wireless internet connection. Majority of male respondents were the independent decision maker in purchase of internet and spend more money on internet as compare to female respondents. Male respondents were most frequent users of internet for e-learning, assignment preparation, research purpose, job seeking and internet banking. Female respondents used internet most frequently for educational, chatting, e-mail services, different social networking sites and online shopping.

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