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M. Sc. Dissertations
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ThesisItem Open Access Communication gap and constraints in kinnow production technology(CCSHAU, 2011) Kamboj, Moji; Mehta, S.K.The present study was conducted in Sirsa and Hisar districts of Haryana state with 80 farmers as a sample for the study. The major thirst of the study was upon the communication gap and communication behaviour of the farmers in relation to getting information for scientific cultivation of kinnow crop. The findings revealed that majority of the farmers were from middle aged group and from the dominant caste, having high socio economic status and more than ten acres of land, educated up to high school, having farming as their main occupation and they mainly came from joint family setup. The DHO and its officials were the most preferred with a maximum credibility and trustworthiness. The university scientists topped the list of information sources from the point of view of level of satisfaction derived by the kinnow growers. The farmers were having a large communication gap of 46.75 with the university scientists and a narrow communication gap of 17.75 and 18.50 with the input dealers and DHO/HDOs, respectively. However, the largest communication gap of 76.67 was found in case of radio. The higher caste and the well educated farmers considered university scientists a more reliable source and therefore seized to opt for input dealers. The major constraints in using radio and television were that most of the programmes broadcasted from the radio and television did not relate to their farming system. The important constraints faced by the kinnow growers in utilizing DHO/HDO were regarding their availability and poor knowledge of horticulture. The farmers faced difficulty to visit the university and search the scientist and they said that few scientists have got expertise on kinnow crop. Non-availability of quality inputs, high cost of insecticides/pesticides and fungicides, inadequate weed control in kinnow production, low production due to unfavorable weather condition, absence of agro-processing units, lack of knowledge of current advances on kinnow production, lack of guidance for controlling insect pests/diseases were considered the most serious constraints by the kinnow growers. All these constraints can be minimized by providing trainings to the farmers and by distributing literature regarding technical know-how to the farmers as it requires specialized skills in certain operations. The facility of modern communication technology can also play an important role in mitigating these constraints.ThesisItem Open Access Problems and prospects of kinnow production under drip irrigation system in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2011) Rajnish Kumar; Hudda, R. S.India is the second largest producer of fruits after China, with a production of 71516000 MT of fruits from an area of 6329000 hectares. Haryana ranks 13th in citrus production. Drip Irrigation is basically precise, slow and artificial application of water in the form of discrete continuous drops, hence, is economic method of irrigation. In Haryana 3112 ha. has been covered under Drip Irrigation System and sprinkler irrigation form essential input for improving productivity and quality of horticultural produce. The present study entitled “Problems and prospects of Kinnow production under Drip Irrigation System in Haryana” was undertaken in the Sirsa and Hisar districts of Haryana state with the following specific objectives:- To measure the attitude of Kinnow growers towards Drip Irrigation System; To study the prospects of Kinnow production under Drip Irrigation System; To identify problems encountered by the Kinnow growers under Drip Irrigation System; To establish association between attitude and personality traits of Kinnow growers. From each districts two blocks were selected purposively, twenty respondents using Drip Irrigation System technology were selected from each of the four selected blocks thus making total sample size of 80 respondents. A sample of 20 Kinnow experts was also taken randomly from scientists working under KVK of selected districts, department of horticulture, college of Agriculture, Hisar, extension functionaries working in district Horticulture office as respondents for the study. The study highlighted that majority of the respondents were in middle to old age groups, belonged to high to medium education status, social participation and extension contact, with high mass-media exposure, risk orientation, irrigation facilities, change proneness and fatalism/ scienticism, having medium socio-economic status. The majority of Kinnow growers had most favourable attitude towards Drip Irrigation System. The remaining were having favourable attitude towards Drip Irrigation System. It is further highlighted that risk orientation, fatalism scienticism and change proneness were found highly significant and positively associated with the attitude. Whereas education were found significantly and positively associated with the attitude of farmers toward Drip Irrigation System. The problems such as initial cost of Drip Irrigation System and its maintenance cost is very high. The problems related to technical aspects were installation of drip system is very cumbersome, the drip lines chocked due to salt in water. The present study shows that more than half of Kinnow growers perceived high level of prospects towards Drip Irrigation System. However, the few of them were having medium and low level prospects. Whereas, a great majority of the Kinnow experts perceived medium level of prospects of Kinnow production under Drip Irrigation System followed by one third Kinnow experts perceived high level of prospects. None of the Kinnow experts perceived low level of prospects of Kinnow production under Drip Irrigation System.ThesisItem Open Access Awareness and perception of farmers towards weather forecasting advisory services in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2011) Rajesh; Godara, Ashok KumarWeather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of atmosphere for the future time and a given location. The main advantage of weather forecasting advisory services is to help farmers, maximize profit by decreasing weather related losses and increasing the timeliness of farm production, Indian farmers are still depend on the seasonal rains which are highly variable both in time and space including weather event like drought, flood, heat waves, and tropical storms cyclones severely effects the agriculture production. With this idea in mind present investigation was conducted in purposively selected Hisar from western zone and Kaithal districts from eastern zone of Haryana state with the following objective:- to assess the awareness level of farmers about weather forecasting advisory services, to know the farmers’ perception about weather forecasting advisory services, to find out the constraints associated with the use of weather forecasting advice, o ascertain the impact of weather forecasting advisory services in decision taken in field operation. The study can be concluded that majority of them were in middle to old age groups, belonged to high to medium education status, social participation and extension contact, with high mass-media exposure, risk orientation, irrigation facilities, change proneness and fatalism/ scienticism, having medium socio-economic status. The study shows that near to half of the respondents had negative perception about weather forecasting advisory services. While about, one third of respondents perceived. The aspect wise perception of respondents about weather forecasting advisory service reveals that majority of the respondents were fully agreed farmer.It was found that great majority of the respondents were fully agreed that Radio , TV broadcasting about weather forecast advisory services is useful to the farmers. However, majority of the respondents were fully agreed that telephone weather services will be useful to the farmers if the call made is free and timely, weather forecasting advisory services help farmers in reducing farm losses, weather forecasting is helpful in managing the operation and activity on the farm /home and Weather forecast affects the farmer’s decision. The most of farmers could not understand SMS on mobile due to lack of knowledge’ was considered the most serious constraints followed by weather forecast information is not location specific, due to flexibility in weather condition information is not right at every time’ was third in rank and the problem of weather forecasting is not timely at the time of flood and drought and all the constraints may be minimized by providing guidance to the farmers and by distribution literature and training regarding technicality of weather forecasting advisory services to the farmers. The problem of belief about traditional weather forecast is more powerful than modern weather forecasting in farmers’ view, weather forecasting an advisory service is brief hence can not be understood by majority of farmers and farmers are not able to know the economic benefit of weather forecasts majority of the farmers are not adopting according in weather forecasting advisory services were also some of the serious problems. The majority of the respondents fully were agreed with the statement that the seed sowing process affected on the basis of weather forecasting information change in cultural operation due to weather forecasting information and it also the irrigation schedule. The source of communication of the farmers regarding the weather forecasting advisory services, two of the major indicators of source of communication of the farmers were the credibility and utilization of source of communication regarding weather forecasting advisory services. It was found Television (ranked 1st) , Radio (ranked 2nd) had mostly used by the respondents as credible channel for weather forecasting information while Mobile SMS facilities by CCS HAU, Newspaper were ranked IIIrd and forth in terms of utilization. As for weather forecasting information Internet facilities ranked last alternate of information in view of respondents as credible channel for weather forecasting information.ThesisItem Open Access Problems and prospects of commercial floriculture in north Haryana(CCSHAU, 2012) Sandeep Kumar; Sheoran, D.K.The study entitled ‘Problems and Prospects of Commercial Floriculture in North Haryana’, was undertaken with specified objectives:-to explore the knowledge level of floriculturists; to identify the training needs of floriculturists; to find out the constraints( problems) encountered by the floriculturists and to develop a strategy for flower cultivation for sustainable development. The present study was conducted in Ambala and Karnal districts from north zone of Haryana state with randomly taken sample of 60 farmers, from each district The study revealed that majority of respondents belonged to young to middle age group, had medium level of education, socio-economic status, change proneness, extension contact and scienticism but high level of mass media exposure and risk orientation. Overall knowledge level of floriculture was medium. Knowledge about concept, importance, harvesting, packing and marketing in floriculture, majority of the respondents had medium level of knowledge. In case of flower varieties, agronomic practices and fertilizer application majority of the respondents had low level of knowledge. It was noted that variable viz. age, education, socio economics status and extension contacts were highly significant and positively associated with knowledge level of floriculturists. The land holding, mass media exposure, irrigation facilities, change proneness, scienticism were found positively and significant related. Further the study highlighted that age, education and scienticism were found significantly and positively associated with the knowledge level of flower cultivation. Whereas remaining background characteristics were found significantly. Procurement of planting materials and purchase of fertilizer, pesticides and micronutrients by farmers were mostly obtained from the private sector followed by co-operative sector. In flower crops cultivation, marigold is the dominate crop in north Haryana followed by gladiolus and rose. The flower growers mostly had to hire vehicle to sale of flowers. The most felt training needs as perceived by farmers were plant disease management, followed by post harvest handling of flowers, use of biproduct and application of herbicides. The major constraint in flower cultivation as perceived by farmers were non-availability of inputs at proper time at village level, non-availability of quality seeds, no support price for flowers, problems of middle men in marketing, use of seed without treatment, lack of guidance about insect’s pests and diseases. As far as the prospects of flower cultivation, flower fetches good market price was ranked 1st, more demand outside the India was ranked 2nd, better for additional income, high price of flowers, gives assured income, quick production, demand is increasing day by day, low production cost and easy to produce, were reported as major prospects of floriculture. Reports and studies reliably indicate that export potential of flowers and consumption, within India, will increase as trend indicates, as not only the aesthetics uses but medicinal value of flowers had also been realised, so the prospects of flowers are bright.ThesisItem Open Access Organic Farming Prospects and Constraints(CCSHAU, 2012) Saeed, Nora Abu Baker; Shehrawat, P.S.The present study was undertaken in two purposively selected districts, namely Sonipat and Hisar of Haryana state with the specific objectives (1) To study the prospects of organic farming (2) To assess the constraints in adoption of organic farming and (3) To develop a suitable strategy for promotion of organic farming. A total one hundred twenty farmers were selected and interviewed with the help of well structured schedule. The interview schedule was divided into three parts i.e. profile of the respondents, prospects of organic farming and constraints in adoption of organic farming. The study revealed that majority of the farmers were of middle age group (36-50 years), educated up to matric, belonged to joint family with 4-6 members, performed only farming and had land holding up to 5 acres. The present study shows that more than four third of growers of organic farming perceived it as more bright level of prospects .However, the few of them were perceived it as somewhat bright level prospect .Thus to promote organic farming, government should make policies and plan training and educational modules for farmers, to ensure balanced agricultural development by adopting the technique and practices of organic farming and to improved market infrastructure for organic foods and the availability of quality bio pesticides to farmers can help in adoption of organic farming. The finding regarding farmers’ perception about input constraints in adoption of organic farming show that Lack of knowledge and demand of bio pesticides (90.8%) was ranked first, the results regarding perception about technical constraints in adopting of organic farming reveals that non availability of improved organic production technology and Lack of knowledge about weed management practices in organic farming were ranked first (94.2 percent), the finding regarding farmers perception about marketing and economic constraints in adoption of organic farming show that No separate market for organic produces and Weak marketing network /sale point both were ranked first with highest weight mean score (360).100 percent of the respondents had perceived it as most serious constraint in organic farming, the results show that transfer of technology constraints in adoption of organic farming namely, Data bank not available about consumers and demand was ranked first with highest weight mean score (2.98).moreover 98.3 percent of the farmers had perceived it as most serious constraint in organic farming and the finding regarding farmers’ perception of certification constraints in organic farming shows that complicated process of organic certification was ranked first constraint (67.5 percent).ThesisItem Open Access Knowledge and adoption of fruit growers in Sirsa district of Haryana(CCSHAU, 2012) Sumit; Mehta, S.K.The study was conducted in Sirsa district of Haryana state during the year 2011-12. This district has higher number of kinnow and guava growers and the maximum area under kinnow and guava production. A total number of 80 farmers constituted the sample for the purpose of the study out of them 40 were kinnow growers and 40 were guava growers. Cent percent of the respondents had knowledge about harvesting of kinnow by sharp edged sickle. About 97.50 percent of the kinnow growers were having knowledge about recommend fertilizer dose application. Cent per cent of the kinnow growers were adopting the recommended varieties of kinnow and 90 per cent of the kinnow growers were adopting proper irrigation method for irrigation purposes. Majority (57.50 per cent) of the kinnow growers fall under medium level of overall knowledge Majority (57.50 per cent) of the kinnow growers were falling in the medium category of overall knowledge. scores. About 95 percent of the guava growers had knowledge about marketing of their produce in local markets and 95 per cent of the guava growers had knowledge about recommended varieties for the area.Half of the respondents (50.00 per cent) had medium level of overall knowledge about recommend cultivation practices in guava cultivation. About 92.50 per cent of the guava growers were selling their produce in local market which shows thinking of farmers towards marketing. About half of the guava growers had medium overall adoption level about recommended cultivation practices. About 48.57 percent and 50.00 per cent of the fruit growers fall under middle age category (43-54 years) and medium land holding category (11-20 acres), respectively. About 63.57 per cent of the respondents had education up to middle standard which indicates good socio-economicprofile of the respondents. About 76.25 per cent were having farming as their main occupation. 87.50 per cent of the respondents experienced gain in yields in comparisons to past after adopting improved fruit production technology and about 82.50 per cent of the respondent experienced increase in their income. Regarding constraints faced included unfavorable climate conditions, soiltype, and difficulty in maintaining the proper soil moisture, high cost of production slow dissemination and adoptability of improved high yielding cultivars, lack of proper technical guidance, and low minimum support price forced by the government.ThesisItem Open Access Impact assessment of garment construction trainings on scheduled caste women(CCSHAU, 2016) Divya, Sachan; Nishi SethiPresent study was conducted in Hisar District of Haryana state, purposively. Two hundred thirty respondents from ten villages of four blocks i.e. (Hisar I, Hisar II, Barwala, Hansi rural) were imparted trainings on garment construction. Out of these total 120 respondents were selected for the present study. Various socio- personal, economic, psychological and communication variables constituted the independent variables for the study and knowledge, attitude, skill acquisition, and adoption constitute the dependent variables for the study. Data were collected with the help of pretested structured interview schedule. The inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency, percentage, mean score, TEI and chi-square test. The study revealed that most of the respondents (37.50%) were of young age group, educated up to high school (47.50%), were married (59.16%) having low family education status (46.66%), having large sized family (48.33%) and belonged to joint family (59.16%). Majority of them had agricultural labourer as their main family occupation (55%) . Most of them were house wife (47.50%), had no income (52.50%), were landless (71.66%) and had annual family income more than Rs.50,000 to 70,000. Overall communication profile of respondents was of medium level, Most of the respondents had high risk orientation (45%) and high entrepreneurial motivation (50.83%). Adoption status of garment construction as an enterprise was low. Majority of the decisions regarding technical aspect were mainly taken by respondents but other decisions were male dominated. Knowledge level of respondents was recorded high for sub-components viz, designing, cutting, stitching, surface enrichment, machine care and operation, entrepreneurial education and precautions. The respondents succeeded in acquiring high level skills on all the aspects of garment construction. Most of the respondents had favourable attitude toward garment construction. The overall impact of garment construction training was of medium level. Economic and marketing constraints were perceived as the major constraints in adoption of garment construction as an enterprise. Independent variables had significant association with knowledge, overall impact, attitude and effectiveness of training.ThesisItem Open Access Problems and prospects of strawberry cultivation in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2016) Bachhal, Gurpreet Singh; Chahal, Pardeep KumarThe study was conducted in Hisar and Bhiwani districts of Haryana state during 2015-2016. A total number of 50 respondents constituted the sample of the study. The information about respondents’ socio-personnel traits, adoption level, constraints and prospects regarding Strawberry cultivation were collected with the help of structured interview schedule. The study revealed that adoption level of Strawberry growers regarding conservation technology, method of propagation, packaging, timely irrigation, time of planting, varieties used for planting, proper planting depth and mulching were high whereas, they had least adopted or not adopted practices like proper harvesting practices, insect-pests and their control, diseases and their control, manures and fertilizers, intercultural operations and control measures for fruit drop. The study indicates that 54 per cent of respondents had medium level of adoption. Regarding serious constraints faced by strawberry growers included high labour charges, nonavailability of quality runners, high cost of runners, high cost of production due to unsuccessful sprouting of runners, attack of plant diseases, non availability of agro-processing industries, no MSP, no storage facilities in village, high fruit perishability, lack of marketing facilities in the village, lack of transparency, high transportation cost, no package of practices at regional level, no guidance about post harvest technology, no guidance about controlling insect-pests and diseases, inadequate subsidy, high cost of Hi-Tech greenhouse establishment, lack of experts, lack of proper procurement policy of government, self marketing: a problem, no trained field extension staff to provide technical support throughout cultivation process and high cost of runners from govt. agencies. In Haryana, majority of farmers agreed that better economic returns in comparison to other fruit crops, demand is increasing day by day, purchasing power of people is increasing, food habit of people is changing and suitable for agro-processing. The agricultural authorities should look into the problems faced by farmers in strawberry cultivation and adequate action should be taken to ensure marketing facilities, package of practices, storage facilities for strawberry, strawberry expert and Hi-tech greenhouse or tissue culture lab for quality runners.ThesisItem Open Access Impact assessment of cutting and tailoring trainings organizing by KVK for scheduled caste women(CCSHAU, 2016) Kiran Bala; Varma, Shashi KantaThe study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state purposively. Hisar , Hansi and Adampur blocks were selected purposively for the present study. Hisar from Hisar block, Hansi from Hansi block and Sadaplur from Adampur block were selected for imparting training to SC women by KVK Sadalpur. Therefore, thirty respondents from each village were selected for the cutting and tailoring training. Thus comprising of total sample of 90 trainees. Various socio- personal, economic, psychological and communication variables constituted the independent variables, knowledge, attitude, skill acquisition, and symbolic adoption the dependent variables. Data were collected with the help of pre- tested structured interview schedule. The inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency, percentage, paired„t‟ test mean score, TEI and chi-square test. The study revealed that Most of the respondents (73.33%) were of younger age group, educated upto secondary/ser.sec. (38.89%) were married (64.44%) having low family education status (43.33%), small sized nuclear families (47.78%). Majority of the respondents (74.44%) had agricultural labourer as their main family occupation and monthly income upto Rs. 5,000 (55.56%) h ad pucca house (43.33%). Majority of them (93.33%) had negligible social participation and landless (91.12%). Majority of respondents (58.89%) were falling in high category of change proneness, medium risk orientation (58.89%) and medium entrepreneurial motivation (66.67%). Less than half of the respondents (47.78%) took entrepreneurial decisions jointly. Most of the respondents (94.44%) were having low mass media exposure, medium localite sources of information utilization (58.89%). Sufficient gain in knowledge after exposing to cutting and tailoring training was recorded for subcomponents viz, designing, cutting, stitching, surface enrichment, machine care and operation, entrepreneurial education and precautions. The respondents succeeded in change their attitude at postexposure in all the training and acquiring high level skill on all the aspects of cutting and tailoring. Impact was of moderate level with medium level of symbolic adoption. The overall impact of cutting and tailoring was of medium level. Economic and marketing constraints were perceived as the major constraints in adoption of cutting and tailoring as an enterprise. Training components had significant association with knowledge, overall impact, attitude and effectiveness of training. It can concluded that women were ready to adopt cutting and tailoring as an enterprise after exposing them to training. .