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M. Sc. Dissertations
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ThesisItem Open Access An analytical study of agricultural credit advanced by primary cooperative agricultural and rural development bank of hisar(CCSHAU, 2011) Sheoran, Rahul; Mehta, V.P.The objectives of present study were to study the performance of loan advanced by the bank, to examine the loan utilization pattern of the loanee farmers, to study the impact of loan waiver scheme on recovery of credit. Results revealed that the number of membership, borrowings, working capital, loan outstanding, loan advanced, overdues and cost of management of the PCARBD has increased over the study period. The amount of share capital has decreased over the study period. The share of owned funds to total working capital was very small in proportion. The PCARDB is highly dependent on borrowed funds from higher financial institutions for undertaking various credit and service activities. The unit transaction cost increased over time due to increase in cost of management. The major proportions of loans were given to minor irrigation purpose which ranges from 19.34 to 56.09 percent. The amount of overdues and number of defaulters has increased because of the loan waiver scheme. Farmers preferred loan in the form of cash than in kind so as to spend it according to their own requirements. Poor financial position and urgent need compelled the farmers to divert some portion of their loan for some other unspecified purposes. The farmers do not intend to make repayment hoping to get interest or part of principal amount remitted on account of political promises. The irregular payment or no payment shall certainly lead to improper functioning of the bank as these may starve of finance and further lending to needy borrowers affected adversely.ThesisItem Open Access An economic analysis of tractorisation in Sirsa district of Haryana(CCSHAU, 2011) Kuldeep Chand; Suhag, K. S.The present study was carried out in Dabwali and Sirsa tehsils of Sirsa district of Haryana with the objectives of examining the magnitude and utilization pattern of tractors, testing economic viability of tractor, studying factors affecting demand of tractors in Haryana and identification of problems in the purchase and use of tractors. From each selected tehsil two villages (Choutala and Asakhera from Dabwali and Randhawa and Arniawali from Sirsa tehsil) were selected randomly and further 20 tractor owner farmers from each village were selected to comprise a sample size of 80 tractor owner farmers. A consistent increase in the number of tractors has been observed in Haryana state. Panchkula (232.78) had maximum number of tractors per 1000 hectares of cultivated land. The average annual use of tractors was found 784.41 hours, out of which for 321.90 hours (41.04 per cent) the tractors were used for own work and for 462.51 hours (58.96 per cent) the tractor was used for hired out operations. Tillage was the major agricultural operation in respect of use of tractor. Total cost of tractor was ` 209795.33 per tractor per year, of which variable cost accounted for ` 121519.50 per tractor per year (57.92 per cent) and fixed cost accounted for ` 88275.83 per tractor per year (42.07 per cent of total cost). The total cost of tractor per hour was estimated to be ` 267.45. Total returns from the tractor use were ` 397791.79 per tractor per year, of which average returns from owned operations accounted for ` 149646.42 (37.61 per cent of total returns) and average returns from hired out operations accounted for ` 248145.37 (62.38 per cent of total returns). Benefit cost ratio for tractor investment was 1.89, net present worth was ` 1280418.42, internal rate of return was 37.03 per cent and payback period was 4 years which indicate viability of investment in tractor. Sensitivity analysis by raising total cost and total returns by 5 per cent and 10 per cent showed that even after increase in cost, investment in tractor remains viable. Out of eight explanatory variables, gross irrigated area, area under high yielding varieties, cropping intensity and price of tractor were found significant and affected the demand of tractors. These factors contributed for 90.74 per cent variation in tractor demand. The total number of tractors in Haryana were estimated to be 5,17,424 for the year 2029-30. There were two financial (lack of essential matching implements/machineries and their use and operator/user should be capable of doing minor repairs), one infrastructural (small land holding) and two economic and financial problems (cost of new tractor is high and tractor is used for only few days in a year) which were the major problems faced by the farmers in the purchase and use of tractor.ThesisItem Open Access An economic analysis of existing farming systems in Kurukshetra district of Haryana(CCSHAU, 2011) Saini, Sunil; Pannu, R. S.The present study was carried out in Thanesar and Pehowa blocks of Kurukshetra district of Haryana with the objectives to study the existing farming system, to examine the comparative economics of different farming systems and to identify the constraints in adoption of different farming systems. From each selected block three villages (Jyotisar, Sunder pur and Umri from Thanesar and Alwa, Malik pur and Bohr-seda from Pehowa block) were selected and further 15 farmers from each village were selected to comprise a sample size of 90 farmers. The major farming systems adopted by the farmers were Rice + wheat, livestock, mushroom and bee-keeping based farming systems. In rice cultivation, the maximum benefit cost ratio (1.12) was observed for large farmers followed by medium (1.03) and small farmers (1.02). Benefit cost ratio for wheat crop was found minimum for small (1.01) followed by medium (1. 03) and large farmers (1.07). Potato crop was cultivated by small and medium farmers. The benefit cost ratio was 1.13 for small and 1.15 for medium farmer. Sugarcane crop was cultivated by medium and large farmers. The benefit cost ratio was 1.15 for medium and 1.21 for large farmers. The benefit cost ratio for maize cultivation was 1.82 for small and 1.85 for medium farmers. Sunflower crop was cultivated by small farmers having benefit cost ratio of 1.25. The number of total milch animals was highest for large followed by medium and small farmers. The benefit cost ratio of dairy farming was highest (1.47) for large less for medium (1.42) and lowest for small farmers (1.34). Mushroom cultivation was also to be a profitable enterprise for all the categories of the farmers. The large farmers got highest benefit with benefit cost ratio (1.60) followed by medium (1.27) and least for small farmers (1.14). In bee keeping, the maximum benefit cost ratio was obtained by large (1.83) followed by medium (1.54) and minimum for small farmers (1.27). Scarcity of labour (82.44 percent farmers} and non availability of fertilizers and pesticide (56.66 percent) were the major technical problems faced by the farmers in adoption of different enterprises. Lack of continuity in electricity was found to be major infrastructural problem as reported by 74.44 percent farmers. Economical and financial problems were the main problems faced by the farmers, these includes low income from farming (91.11per cent) followed by lack of credit availability (74.44 per cent) and not receiving remunerative price of their produce (71.14 per cent).ThesisItem Open Access Land market mechanism and its effect on agriculture in NCR (National Capital Region) in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2011) Arvind Kumar; Sharma, U.K.The present study was carried out in Jhajjar and Farukhnagar tehsil of Jhajjar and Gurgaon Districts of Haryana. These districts were purposively selected because of big land traders like Haryana Reliance SEZ Company Limited, Kundli Manesar Palwal Expressway who have already purchased a huge quantum of land in this area. From each tehsil five villages (Dadritoe, Phasour, Palpa, Nimana, Munimpur + Kukrola from Jhajjar and Sultanpur, Mubarkpur, Jhanjrola khera, Kaliawas, Ekbalpur from Farukhnagar) were selected randomly and 12 farmers of land sale were selected from each village. Thus, a total of 120 farmers were interviewed for collection of data for sale transaction in agricultural land during last five years i.e. from 2004-05 to 2008-09. Small groups of farmers had maximum share of land sold as compared to medium and large groups. On an average 498.25 acres (62.53 per cent) of land was sold to Haryana Reliance SEZ Company limited and on KMP Express way. On an average maximum 100 farmers (45.45 per cent) sold their land to repay the debt followed by marriage of their children 37 farmers (16.82 per cent) and house construction 5 farmers (2.27 per cent) showed the least share. Maximum share of money was invested in purchase of agriculture land i.e. 4,003.20 lakhs (59.22 per cent) and in purchase of housing plots 765 lakhs (11.32 per cent). Total area under kharif and rabi crops decreased after sale of land. The decline in area under bajra 64.04 per cent, rice 36.58 per cent and vegetable 48.13 per cent and area under wheat 59.25 per cent, mustard 66.53 per cent, berseem 61.60 per cent and vegetable 71.26 per cent. Socio-economic status of farmers increased after sale of land i.e. 55 per cent were in low category, 31.67 per cent were in medium category and 13.33 per cent were in high category. The farmers of Farukhnagar tehsil were better than Jhajjar tehsil.