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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Various Nitrogen Sources and Levels on Rice (Var. GR-6) in Summer Conditions of South Gujarat(Agronomy Department, N. M. College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural University, 1993-03) Durlabhbhai, Ahir Bhikhabhai; Patel, H. S.An experiment was conducted on clayey soils a± the Regional Sugarcane Research Station, Gujarat Agricultural University Campus, Navsari during the summer season of 1991-92 to study 'Effedt of various nitrogen sources and levels on rice (var. GR.6) in summer conditions of SOuth Gujarat' • Sixteen treatment combinations comprising of four nitrogen sources viz., prilled urea (PU) , neemcake coated urea (NCU), calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and ammonium sulphate (AS); with four nitrogen levels viz., N BO (BO kg/hal N100 (100 kg/hal, N 120 (120 kg/hal and N140 (140 kg/hal were replicated thrice in randomized block design. The results revealed that all growth and yield attributes as well as grain and straw yields were recorded (ii) . maximum with the treatment 54 (ammonium sulphate), though the treatment 52 (neemcake coated urea) recorded statistically equal values for these characters. The treatment 51 CPU) and 53 (CAN) were also at par with regard to number of panicles/m2 • panicle length, number of rachis/panicle as well as grain and straw yield. Whereas test weight did not show their signlfic~nt response to different N-sources. Nitrogen content and its uptake as well as protein content and its yield were also higher under the treatment 54 (ammonium sulphate), though it was more or less same as the treatment S2 (neemcake coated urea). Even if there was a slight increase in nitrogen use efficiency with the treatment 54 (ammonium sulphate) the highest net realization (10,501 ~ha) and maximum benefit was obtained with the treatment 52 (neemcake coated urea). AmOng the various N-Ievels, all the growth and yield attributes, grain and straw yield as well as N-content and uptake, protein content, its yield were recorded higher with the higher N-Ievel (140 kg/ha), though the treatment N120 (120 kg N/ha) was found statistically identical in this respect. Nitrogen use efficiency was found to be increasing with each nitrogen increment. But it increased at decreasing rate at the higher N-Ievel (140 kg/hal. In case of net realization although it was higher with higher N-level, i.e., N140 (11,021 ~ha), it was (11i) statistically very closer to its succeeding lower N-level i.e., N120 (10,147 Rs/hal. The sallic trend was found to be reflected towards their corresponding I.C.B.R. values. Thus, present study clearly indicated that under the South Gujarat conditions, profitable production from summer rice (Var. GR.6) can be obtained by application of 120 kg N/ha in form of neem cake coated urea (NCU).ThesisItem Open Access Influence of Bio-Fertilizers on Growth, Biomass and Nutrietn Uptake in Dalbergia sisoo Roxb. and Eucalyptus tereticornis (Hybrid)(Forestry Department, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Gujarat Agricultural University, 2002-03) Gunjal, Bharatkumar S.; Vashi, B. G.An experiment was conducted at the farm, ASPEE_ College of Horti~1ture and Forestry, Gujarat Agricultural University Campus, Navsari to study the influence of Bio-fertilizers on the growth, biomass and nutrient uptake by the seedlings of Dalbergia sisoo Roxb. and Eucalyptus tereticornis (hybrid) during • • • the year 2000-2001. The experiment included eight treatments, viz., three individual inoculation of Azospirillm, phosphobacteria (PSB) • • • and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM), three dual inoculations of them, Azospirillum + PSB + VAM and uninoculated Control. Seedlings of these species were treated at the age of three months and evaluated monthly for shoot length, shoot collar diameter (SCD), number of roots, root length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings, status of available N, P and K in soil and uptake of them at 150 DAI. The results revealed that combined inoculation of all three BFs (Azospirillum+PSB+VAM) significantly increased the shoot lengtb, shoot collar diameters, number of roots, root length, fresh and dry weight of seedling, availability of usable form of nutrients (N, P and K) and their enhanced uptake in shoot of botb the species wben compared to either combined dual or individual inoculations or uninoculated control at 150 DAI. Dual inoculations of bio-fertilizers sbowed better performance over individual application. VAM inoculation gave synergistic effect with Azospirillum and PSB in either dual or triple combination. Among all three individual inoculations VAM performed better followed by PSB in all tbe cbaracters tested. However, among dual inoculations Azospirillum+VAM proved better as compared to other treatments and was reflected by bigher fresh and dry weight of D. sissoo; wbereas in case of E. tereticornis PSB+VAM proved better and was reflected by higher concentration of available K in rbizosphere soil.ThesisItem Open Access MICROWAVE ASSISTED CONVECTIVE DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF ELEPHANT FOOT YAM (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Densst.)NICOLSON)(POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY DEPT., ASPEE COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, NAVSARI, 2015-06) PANDIT, PARTH D.; Sahu, F.M.Elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Densst.) Nicolson) is one of the nutritious but underutilized, highly potential tuber crop. It is a very good source of starch as well as protein and very popular vegetable in various Indian cuisines. Due to its culinary, medicinal and therapeutic values, it is referred to as “King of tuber crops”. In India fresh elephant foot yam corm is generally available in the month of November and need to store for making availability during off-season. However, the corm starts sprouting during 2 to 3 months of storage. Moreover, the acridity of elephant foot yam sometimes limits its consumption. Thus, the experiments were conducted to dehydrate elephant foot yam to enhance the availability of good quality elephant foot yam during off-season. In the present study, fresh elephant foot yam were cleaned, peeled and sliced in to 10 mm thick and 30 mm × 30 mm size. The samples were blanched at 80°C for 2, 4 and 6 min to optimise blanching time. The blanched samples of slices were then dried by microwave assisted drying techniques. In this technique, samples were subjected to microwave heating at different power level (300, 600 and 900 W) with different exposure time (1, 1.5 and 2 min) before further drying in hot air tray dryer at 60°C. A control sample was also dried without microwave heating. Based on the result observed, it can be concluded that enzymatic browning of elephant foot yam samples due to PPO can be decreased significantly by hot water blanching at 80°C for 4 min. Further, increased in microwave power and exposure time increased drying rate and decreased the drying time. The whole drying took place in falling rate period only. Midilli et al. model was found to describe the drying behaviour of elephant foot yam most precisely (highest R2 = 0.9996; least RMSE = 0.0051). The effective moisture diffusivity values ranges from 4.2 × 10-10 to 1.1× 10-9 m2/s and activation energy from 3.14 to 4.48 W/g. From storage study and sensory evaluation, it can be concluded that the product quality in terms of protein, total sugar, ash and oxalate content was found to be acceptable in all microwave assisted drying treatments. Based on oxalate content and drying characteristics, treatments with microwave power of 900 W and exposure time of 2 min followed by hot air drying at 60°C was found to be most acceptable. Experiment concluded that elephant foot yam slices should be blanched at 80°C for 4 min in hot water and dried with microwave power of 900 W for 2 min exposure time followed by hot air drying at 60°C to produce best quality dehydrated elephant foot yam.