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1998 - 199912000 - 20071
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Author: KAU × Author: Sunil, G × Start date: 1998 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study of the Traditional Belief System in Dairy Husbandry among Tribals of Attappady
    (Department of Extension, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1998) Sunil, G; KAU; AdvisorRajkamal, P J
    The imperative of traditional beliefs or indigenous knowledge and its documentation and validation has been a major theme for research quite recently. Tribal societies have nurtured, over centuries, many a beliefs in the field of dairy farming. A study was conducted among the tribal dairy fanners of Attappady block in Palakkad district with the objectives of inventorying the beliefs, determining the strength and rationality of beliefs, knowing the extent of adoption of beliefs etc. Rationality of beliefs was judged by experts identified for the 2ur2ose. A total of seventy three beliefs were studied after categorising them under fourteen domains. Most of the farmers studied were of middle age group, illi terates and by occupation agriculture and other labourers. Majority had a low profile of communication characteristics since mass media exposure, extension agency contact and personal lDcalite exposure were less. There were a little more of weak believers than strong believers of traditional beliefs among them. Further, majority of the respondents had only middle level awareness about trad.it.i.onal beliefs. Among"the highly aware group there were more of strong believers than weak believers. Out of the socio-personal variables studied, age and experience in dairying were positively and significantly correlated with degree of belief and extent of adoption. Out of the psychological variables, man-nature orientation, innovativeness and scientific orientation were negatively and significantly correlated with degree of belief and extent of adoption. Among the communication variables mass media exposure was negatively and highly significantly correlated with degree of belief. All the beliefs studied were found to be strongly held beliefs and one-fourth of all beliefs were irrational. Extent of adoption of all beliefs were measured and it ranged from eighty eight adopters for a belief to twelve for another. The fact that almost one-fourth of all beliefs were irrational is a matter of concern. As practicing of these irrational beliefs could result in non-adoption of modern scientific practices, thereby blocking technology diffusion.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of pathogenicity and antigenic relationship of salmonella isolates from poultry
    (Department of Veterinery microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Mannuthy, 2007) Sunil, G; KAU; Koshy, John (Guide)
    In the present study the pathogenicity and the antigenic relationship of three local isolates of S. gallinarum was compared with that of a reference/known strain. The antigenic homogeneity/heterogeneity of these isolates was studied using SDS PAGE and AGID. All the four isolates when subjected to antibiogram revealed similar pattern. The only difference was with isolate X 4 which was susceptible to co-trimoxazole while all the other three were resistant. Except for the reference/known strain BGL, all the other three isolates were found pathogenic to mice. All the four isolates were pathogenic to day-old chicks. Isolates QS 1 and X 4 were most pathogenic. Major clinical signs were somnolence, weakness, inappetance and whitish diarrhea and were more prominent in IM inoculated group. All chicks that died during the experimental period gave positive Salmonella isolation from liver, spleen, heart blood, lungs, yolk and ceca. At the end of experimental period survived birds were sacrificed and they gave positive isolation only from ceca. All the four isolates were pathogenic to layers. The clinical signs observed were listlessness, inappetance, ruffled feathers, shrunken comb, greenish-yellow diarrhea with gradual weight loss and was more prominent in IV challenged group, followed by those inoculated by oral and IC routes. The most pathogenic strain was QS 1. Cloacal swabs examined for Salmonella revealed intermittent shedding in all groups. The highest re-isolation was obtained from liver. The egg production was affected in all test groups and was most severely affected in IV group. No significant difference was noticed between different routes of inoculation and among different isolates in re-isolation from egg. The re-isolates were confirmed as S. gallinarum by standard biochemical reactions. The gross and histopathological changes observed in experimental infection with all the isolates were the same. There was enlargement and necrosis of liver and spleen, with congestion of heart and lungs. Day-old chicks had omphalitis. Histopathologically there was congestion, necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the internal organs, including submucosa of intestine. Sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the OMPs of all four isolates revealed 13 different polypeptide bands. These bands were of similar molecular weight in all the four isolates, indicating antigenic homogeneity. Agar gel immunodiffusion carried out using hyper immune serum raised against isolates BGL and QS 1 revealed lines of identity between the four isolates, indicating antigenic homogeneity by serology.