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20052
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Subject: Poultry Science × End date: 2005 × Start date: 2005 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Supplimentation of protease on the production performance of Japanese qualis (Coturnis coturnis japonica) fed low protein diet
    (Department of Poultry Science,College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Mannuthy, 2005) Sheena Grace Koshy; KAU; Elizabeth, V K
    The effects of different levels of protease supplementation viz., 0.02 and 0.04 per cent in low protein layer ration of Japanese quails on their production performance and economic feasibility was evaluated using one hundred and sixty laying birds for a period of twenty weeks. The birds were divided into four dietary treatment groups, viz., standard quail layer ration (T0), low protein quail layer ration (T1), low protein quail layer ration with 0.02 per cent protease (T2), and low protein quail layer ration with 0.04 per cent protease (T3). The standard quail layer ration was formulated as per the recommendations for laying Japanese quails by the Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar. It contained 22 per cent crude protein (CP) and 2650 kcal/kg of metabolisable energy. The low protein quail layer ration was formulated with a low percentage of crude protein (CP 18%) and same level of metabolisable energy as the standard layer ration. The body weight gain during the entire experimental period was highest for the birds fed 0.02 percent of protease compared to other treatment groups. But analysis of data revealed no significant difference between treatments. Age at sexual maturity and 50 per cent production were not at all influenced by enzyme supplementation statistically. Numerically the birds fed 0.04 per cent enzyme reached age at sexual maturity and 50 per cent production earlier. A numerical improvement was noticed in total egg production, over all hen day and hen housed egg number and overall hen housed and hen day egg production per cent in the birds fed 0.02 per cent protease with low protein layer ration compared to the non supplemented group. Egg weight and egg quality characteristics such as shape, albumen and yolk indices, internal quality unit (IQU) and shell thickness were not affected by enzyme treatment. Feed intake per bird per day and feed efficiency were not significantly influenced by the supplementation of enzyme. Only the serum protein values of standard quail layer ration was statistically more than the other groups. However the enzyme treatment had no effect on the serum protein values of low protein groups. The retention per cent of nitrogen was highest for the groups of birds fed low protein layer rations and lowest for those fed standard protein layer ration. The retention of nitrogen was unaffected by the enzyme treatment. The mortality was not affected by the enzyme treatment. The analysis of economics indicated least cost per egg for the birds fed 0.02 per cent enzyme (T2). The birds fed standard layer ration performed better than low protein groups without or with two levels of protease.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Utilisation of dried cuttle fish (Sepia officialis) waste silage in layer duck ration
    (Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Mannuthy, 2005) Jayant Govindan; KAU; Peethambaran, P V
    An experiment was conducted in Department of Poultry Science, Kerala Agricultural University during the period from June to November, 2004 to assess the utilization of dried cuttle fish waste silage (CFWS) on replacement of dried fish (DF) in indigenous layer duck ration. At the age of 24 weeks, 96 layer ducks were housed under cage system of rearing with two ducks per cage. They were divided into three groups T1, T2 and T3 comprising 32 ducks per group with 8 replicates having four ducks per replicate. The three groups of ducks were fed with dietary combinations of 10 per cent DF and zero per cent dried CFWS (T1), 5 per cent DF and 11.45 per cent dried CFWS (T2) and 22.9 per cent dried CFWS replacing DF completely (T3) and the diets were made isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The first egg in the flock was laid in groups T1 and T2 at 169 days of age and ages at 10 and 50 per cent production were also early in T1. The overall duck housed number and duck housed per cent production during 25-44 weeks of age were 75.06 and 53.61 in T1 which was though numerically superior was statistically non significant compared with T2 and T3. The overall mean daily feed consumption was 166.36,166.80 and 168.35 g per duck which were statistically comparable between various treatment groups. The overall feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs was 3.58, 4.23 and 4.32 and per kg egg mass was 4.65, 5.14 and 5.22 in T1, T2 and T3 respectively which was non-significant (P<0.05). The overall mean egg weight (EW) was 63.80, 67.74 and 67.09 g in T1, T2 and T3 having significantly lower EW in T1, whereas it was comparable between T2 and T3. The lower DHN in groups fed dried CFWS was compensated by higher mean egg weight and thereby total egg mass in the study periodwas maintained in the cuttle fish waste silage fed groups. All the internal egg quality traits namely, albumen index, yolk index, percent shell and shell thickness did not differ between treatment groups during five, 28-day periods. Livability was excellent in all groups. Economically, though control group showed higher feeding cost, due to higher egg number it returned higher margin of return over feed cost of rupees 0.26 per egg, whereas it was Rs. 0.04 in T2 and Rs.0.14 in T3. Thus, it was concluded that dried cuttle fish waste silage can be included at 11.5 and 22.9 per cent levels in duck layer rations with significantly higher mean egg weight as 50 and 100 per cent replacement for dried fish protein under cage system of rearing of ducks.