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Subject: Horticulture × Author: Bindu, C P × End date: 1995 × Start date: 1995 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Optimising in vitro somatic embryogenesis in polyembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties
    (Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1995) Bindu, C P; KAU; Rajmohan, K
    Studies were conducted to optimise the in vitro propagation techniques via somatic embryogenesis in polyembryonic mango varieties (Vellari, Kalluvarikka, Thalimanga, Kilichundan, Pulichi and Varikka) of Kerala, during 1993-1994 at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. Culture media and conditions could be standardised for the first two stages of somatic embryogenesis, namely induction and initiation. However, attempts for inducing normal maturation and germination of the embryoids were not so successfu I . Five out of the six varieties of mango (except Ki I ichundan) responded to the induct ion treatments for somatic embryogenesis. Kalluvarikka recorded the highest per cent cultures (87.50) initiating somatic embryoids from the nucellar tissue. Puliehi was observed to initiate the highest per cent eultures (91.66) initiating somatic embryoids from embryo mass cultured. Somatic embryoids were induced and initiated from nucellus as well as embryo mass. From the nucellus, the embryoids were produced directly, without any intervening callus. The embryo mass gave rise to emb r y og e n i c ca I I us, multiple embryos or zygotic embryos. The somatic embryoids from nucellar tissue were best induced when cultured in darkness on half strength Murashige and Skooge basal medium supplemented with 2,4-D 5.0 mg/l, GA3 5.0 mg/l, glutamine 400.0 mgll, sucrose 60.0 g/l, coconut water 200.0 mIll, agar 6.0 g/l and activated charcoal 2.5 g/l. Somatic embryoids from nucellar tissue were found to be initiated in 55.50 per cent cultures on half strength Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 2,4-D 5.0 mg/l, BA 0.05 mg/l, glutamine 400.0 mg/l, casein hydrolysate 500.0 mg/l, sucrose 60.0 g/l, coconut water 200.0 mill, agar 6.0 g/l and activated charcoal 2.5 g/l. Darkness was essential for the initiation. Ambient temperature and in the culture room temperature (26°C) were equally effective for the initiation. Abscisic acid was tried, among other treatments, for inducing proper maturation of the somatic embryoids initiated from nucellar tissue. The maximum size of the embryoids was observed on half strength Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with ABA 16.0 uM, casein hydrolysate 100.0 mgll, sucrose 40.0 gll, coconut water 200.0 mIll, agar 6.0 g/l and activated charcoal 2.5 g/l. the embryoids was not influenced by light. Size of Attempts for inducing normal germination of the somatic embryoids from the maturation medium were made using treatments involving plant growth substances (BA, 2iP, GA 3 and NAA), factors known to impart osmotic stress (Polyethelene glycol and high concentrations of sucrose and a g a r) , sodium butyrate, known to influence histone deacetylation, and activated charcoal, capable of absorbing inhibitors. However, the treatments were not very useful in inducing normal germination of the embryoids.