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Subject: Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2007 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Clinico-biochemical and ultrasonographic evaluation of renal failure in dogs
    (Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2009) Kanaran, P P; KAU; Alex, P C
    The study on “clinico-biochemical and ultrasonographic evaluation of renal failure in dogs” was conducted on 23 dogs. The parameters studied were signalment, history and clinical signs, physical examination findings, ultrasonography of the kidney, haematology, serum biochemistry and urinalysis, urine protein creatinine ratio, urinary enzymes as markers of renal disease, response to treatment, peritoneal dialysis as a treatment option and postmortem examination and histopathology. All the renal failure cases studied were associated with nephrotoxic drugs, microfilariosis, pyometra, prostatic enlargement, pancreatitis, rhabdomyolysis or leptospirosis. The cases were divided into renal failure following exposure to nephrotoxic drugs, microfilariosis, pyometra, prostatic enlargement, pancreatitis, rhabdomyolysis or leptospirosis. The haematological and biochemical values of the diseased animals varied from that of normal animals and did not show any significant difference with the values measured after seven days of treatment indicating that it was not effective. The most common ultrasonographic pattern was hyperechoic kidneys with lack of corticomedullary distinction indicating fibrotic changes in kidney which was confirmed by postmortem examination and histopathology. Estimation of urinary enzymes NAG, GGT and ALP were done in selected animals. There was a sharp difference between diseased and healthy animals. It was concluded from this study that for effective treatment and management of canine renal diseases, early diagnosis and treatment is a must and that for achieving this goal ultrasonography and estimation of urinary enzymes can be used as effective tools.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Investigaion on hepato-biliary disorders in dogs
    (Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2008) Elso, John; KAU; Jayakumar, K M
    Investigation on heapto-biliary disorders was conducted in forty dogs using ultrasonography and correlated ultrasonography with haemato-biochemical and histological findings. Parameters studied were history, clinical signs, physical examination, ultrasonography of liver, serology, haematology and serum biochemistry, post-mortem examination and histopathology. Age of affected animals with hepato-biliary disorders was 4.54 ± 0.47 years. Among dog breeds, highest incidence was found in German shepherd followed by Dachshund. Female dogs were more affected by the hepato-biliary disorders. Clinical signs more specific to hepato-biliary disorders were ascites and icterus. Primary hepatic diseases that produced ultrasound changes were hepatic abscess, hepatic neoplasia, leptospirosis, cirrhosis, fibrosis and chronic active hepatitis. Biliary changes were observed in cholangiocellular carcinoma, chloangiohepatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis and gall bladder sludge. Secondary liver diseases were associated with pyometra, ehrlichiosis, rhabdomyolysis and passive venous congestion due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Varying degrees of leucocytosis and anaemia were the consistent finding. Total serum protein and albumin were reduced in majority of hepato-biliary disorders, with a marked reduction in cirrhosis and fibrosis. Serum copper level was elevated in Dalmatians with chronic hepatitis. Serum alpha feto protein was detected/increased in hepatic neoplasia. Serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase were elevated in varying degrees in majority of hepatobiliary disorders. Histological changes in leptospirosis were chronic venous and sinusoidal congestion. In cirrhosis, major histological findings were fibrosis and pseudolobulation whereas biliary hyperplasia in cholangiocarcinoma. From the present study it was inferred that ultrasonography was a valuable diagnostic tool for hepatopathies supported with clinico-haemato-biochemical findings.