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Open Access
Climate change impact on crop water requirement of rice in Thrissur district
(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Vellanikkara, 2016) Basil, Abraham; KAU; Kurien, E K
Rice crop occupies a major position in the agricultural production in Kerala State. Under the present climate change scenarios the climatic parameters are subject to variations and that in turn will affect the water requirement of the crop. A great stress on the irrigation reservoirs and projects for additional water to be released will be effected. It was attempted to generate the climate data for 2030, 2050, 2080 under IPCC emission scenarios RCP.45.The crop water requirement for rice was calculated under the predicted climate for Thrissur district using CROPWAT model. The minimum temperature in the district were found to increase during the future years. The maximum temperature also showed an increasing trend through the future years. The summer months January – March were found to remain as the hot months during the predicted years. The solar radiation was also found to increase. The average annual rain fall for Thrissur district was found to vary as 3139.1, 3089.8 and 3307.6 mm for the future years of 2030, 2050, 2080. The onset of south west monsoon may become early. The summer rains will continue to give a good amount of rain fall through the future years. There will be a reduction in the post monsoon rain fall and a poor distribution of rain fall over the district. The crop evapotranspiration in all the three rice growing seasons of virippu, mundakan and punja was found to increase under the predicted scenario. Crop evapotranspiration was found to increase from 49.99 mm during 2015 to 61.27 mm during 2080 in the first crop season (virippu). During the second and third crop season (mundakan and punja) crop evapotranspiration varied from 56.53 mm to 82.17 mm and 77.06 mm to 83.17 mm respectively. When compared to the year 2050 the irrigation water demand was found to decrease during the year 2080. During the first crop season the irrigation water demand will increase to 319.6 mm in the year 2050 and later during 2080 it was found to decrease to 265.6 mm. There will be a considerable increase in the water requirement during the second crop season during 2050’s and 2080’s when compared with the present day demand. It was also indicated that under RCP 4.5 scenario the water demand to the rice crop during second crop season will be more by 100 mm of water.The crop water use efficiency was found to decrease during future years. An additional amount of 200 billion litres of water will be required for meeting increased water requirement during the second crop season for irrigating rice. The requirement for the third crop season will be high as 750 billion litres.
Open Access
Crop weather relationship of yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis(L.) walp)
(Department of Agricultural Meteorology Vellanikkara, 2016) Aswini Haridasan; KAU; Ajithkumar, B
Yard long bean is an important leguminous vegetable crop cultivated in Kerala. It is a highly relished vegetable crop which can be cultivated throughout the year. However, weather and climate are considered to be the most limiting factors in crop production. Since weather conditions experienced by a crop play a major role in its growth and yield, the study of the influence of weather on crop is very much important. The present investigation on “Crop weather relationship of Yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Walp) was carried out in the Department of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 2013-2014 to determine the crop weather relationship and to study the effect of date of sowing on the growth and yield of yard long bean. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications at Instructional farm, Vellanikkara from September 2013 to August 2014. The treatment comprises of twelve dates of sowing at monthly intervals from September 2013 to August 2014. Yard long bean variety lola was used for the experiment. The different growth and yield characters like plant height, biomass, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight, length of pod, pod yield per plot, pod yield per plant and duration of different growth phases were recorded along with monitoring of major pests and diseases. The daily weather parameters like maximum and minimum temperature, forenoon and afternoon relative humidity, forenoon and afternoon vapour pressure, rainfall and rainy days, bright sunshine hours, evaporation, wind speed and soil temperature were also recorded. The maximum temperature was found highest in February 2014 sowing and was recorded lowest in July 2014 sowing whereas the highest minimum temperature was recorded in March and April 2014 sowing. The crops sown during December 2013 and January 2014 received no rainfall and those sown during June 2014 received the maximum rainfall. The bright sunshine hours was recorded more in December 2013 sowing and was low in June 2014 sowing. Plant height, biomass, phenological stages, yield and yield attributes were highly variable among the different sowing dates. The March 2014 sown crops took more number of days to attain 50% flowering followed by February 2014 sown crops. The crop duration was also observed more for March sown crops which was on par with December 2014 sown crops. Yield and yield attributes were influenced by various weather parameters experienced during the different crop growth stages. Pod yield was highest from September and October 2013 sown crops and lowest from May and July 2014 sown crops. Yield attributes such as number of pods per plant, number of seeds, length of pods and hundred seed weight were also recorded more in September and October 2014 sown crops. Pests such as aphids, pod borer, pod bug and diseases such as mosaic, rust and anthracnose were observed in the crop during the study. To determine the critical weather elements affecting the crop growth, correlation analysis was done and it was found that maximum temperature, diurnal temperature range, soil temperature at 10cm depth, wind speed and bright sunshine hours exhibited positive influence on the pod yield, whereas increase in minimum temperature, growing degree days, relative humidity, vapour pressure, rainfall and rainy days negatively influenced the yield. Multiple linear regression models were fitted, to predict the pod yield based on the weather variables..
Open Access
Assessment of rice (oryza sativa L.) production under climate change scenarios
(Department of Agricultural Meteorology Vellanikkara, 2017) Jasti Venkata, Satish; KAU; Ajithkumar, B
Agriculture is sensitive to short term changes in weather and to seasonal, annual and long term variations in climate. Climate change will have decisive impact on crop production and the prediction of this climate change emerged as a major research priority during the past decade. Numerous estimates for the impending decade projects that continuous rise of anthropogenic forcing leads to increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) atmospheric concentrations, is expected to alter regional temperature and precipitation patterns, also contributing to higher risk of extreme weather events and climate irregularity (IPCC, 2013), with obvious implications on crops (Porter and Semenov, 2005). Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is vulnerable to unfavourable weather events and climate conditions. Despite technological advances such as improved crop varieties and irrigation systems, weather and climate play significant roles in rice production. The present investigation “Assessment of rice (Oryza sativa L.) production under climate change scenarios” was carried out in the Department of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 2016-17, to determine the crop weather relationship, to validate the CERES (Crop Environment Resource Synthesis) -Rice model for the varieties Jyothi and Kanchana and to project the changes of rice yield and growth under climate change scenarios. The field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy during the kharif season of 2016. Split plot design was adopted with five dates of planting viz., 5th June, 20th June, 5th July, 20th July and 5th August as the main plot treatments and two varieties viz., Jyothi and Kanchana as the sub plot treatments. The number of replications for the experiment was four. Analysis of weather with crop duration and yield showed that maximum and minimum temperatures showed increasing trend towards late plantings, whereas the relative humidity, rainfall and rainy days were found to be low in late planting than during early plantings. To determine the critical weather elements affecting the crop duration, correlation analysis was performed. Number of days for panicle initiation to booting stage, decreased with increase in maximum and minimum temperature, whereas, the reverse was observed with afternoon relative humidity, afternoon vapour pressure deficit and rainfall in Jyothi. In case of Kanchana, days for transplanting to active tillering decreased with increase in maximum, minimum temperatures and bright sunshine hours, whereas relative humidity, afternoon vapour pressure deficit, rainfall and 159 number of rainy days showed a positive influence. The mean yield of Jyothi and Kanchana on June 5th planting found to be on par with June 20th planting. The correlation analysis showed that with increase in maximum and minimum temperature during transplanting to Active tillering will reduce the yield for both Jyothi and Kanchana The crop genetic coefficients that influence the occurrence of developmental stages in the CERES-Rice models were validated, to achieve the best possible agreement between the simulated and observed values. Predicted yield and phenology of both rice varieties, Jyothi and Kanchana under different planting dates were reasonably close to the observed values. Analysis of yield and growth phases of rice under different climate change scenarios ( Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5) for the time periods 2050s and 2080s showed that, days taken to panicle initiation, anthesis and physiological maturity decreases for all the five different dates of planting. This may be due to increase in maximum and minimum temperatures during the future scenarios. The predicted values of rice yield for the climate change scenarios during first and second plantings for the time periods 2050s and 2080s showed a low yield whereas increase in yield was observed in third, fourth and fifth plantings compared with 2016. This increase in yield is may be due to combined effect of increase in CO2 (538 and 936ppm) and solar radiation during the panicle initiation, anthesis and physiological maturity for the delayed plantings. These findings suggests that, planting date need to be shifted to late July and early August in case of kharif crop in the central zone of Kerala in future.
Open Access
Influence of weather parameters on growth and yield of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
(Department of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2016) Sushna, K; KAU; Ajithkumar, B
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) (Family: Piperaceae) is a perennial vine grown for its berries extensively used as spice and in medicine. India is one of the major producer, consumer and exporter of black pepper in the world. It is cultivated to a large extent in Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and to a limited extent in Maharashtra, North eastern states and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Black pepper is a plant of humid tropics requiring high rainfall and humidity.
Open Access
Effect of growing environment and microclimate on parthenocarpic cucumber
(Department of Agricultural Meteorology,College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2016) Smitha, K; KAU; Sunil, K M
An investigation was carried out in Department of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 2015-16 to determine the the effect of growing environments and microclimate on growth and yield of cucumber and crop weather relationships in cucumber under different growing environment.
Open Access
Climate change adaptation on rice production
(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Vellanikkara, 2016) Navya, M; KAU; Sunil, K M
Open Access
Impact of climate change variables on young coconut seedlings (Cocos nucifera L.)
(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Vellanikkara, 2016) Kannan, S; KAU; Mary, Regina F (
Open Access
Simulation of Salt water intrusion into the coastal aquifers of Kadalundi river basin in Malappuram district using visual modflow
(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Vellanikkara, 2016) Swathy, P S; KAU; Sajeena, S
Open Access
Metagenomic analysis of bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of arecanut palms affected by yellowing in Wayanad
(Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2017) mahesh, Mohan; KAU; Girija, D

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