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ThesisItem Open Access Evaluative perception of appropriateness of the recommended fertiliser management practices(Department of Agricultural extension, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1989) Rasheed Sulaiman, V; KAU; Muraleedhara Prasad, RA study was undertaken to investigate into the extent of knowledge, extent of adoption and evaluative perception of appropriateness of the recommended fertilizer management practices among rice farmers (n=200) and Agricultural Demonstrators (n=54) in Palghat and Cannanore Districts of Kerala State. The study revealed that farmers of Palghat and Cannanore differed significantly with respect to their knowledge and adoption of fertiliser management practices with farmers of Palaghat having higher level of knowledge and adoptionThesisItem Open Access Awareness and training needs of officers of the department of agriculture in watershed planning(Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1989) Sheela, L; KAU; Balakrishna Pillai, GA study was undertaken to assess the awareness and training needs of officers of the department of Agriculture in watershed planning. The study was conducted in five districts of Kerala. The respondents were the Junior Soil Conservation Officers (JSCOs) Junior Soil Survey Officers (JSSOs) of the Soil Conservation Unit and Agricultural Officers (AOs) of the department of agriculture. Total sample size was 100 of which 21 were JSCOs, 19 were JSSOs and 60 were AOs. A knowledge test and aptitude scale were constructed for the study. Data were collected with the help of a well constructed interview schedule which was pretested. The data thus collected were subjected to correlation, path analysis, multiple regression etc. to derive the results. The study revealed that more than 47 per cent of the JSCOs possessed high level of awareness in watershed planning. Majority of the respondents among the JSSOs and AOs possessed only low level of awareness in watershed planning. Majority of the JSCOs had high level of knowledge in watershed planning. Only 21 per cent of the JSSOs had high level of knowledge in watershed planning. Same was the case with AOs. Only 33 percent of AOs possessed high level of knowledge in watershed planning. Only 33 per cent of the JSCOs were having a high attitude score regarding watershed planning. About 22 percent of the JSSOs were in the high attitude group and the same numbers of respondents were in the low attitude group. Majority of the AOs were having low attitude score regarding watershed planning. Educational status, information seeking behaviour, training undergone and self confidence were positively and significantly related to the knowledge of the officials in watershed planning. Age and experience was found to have negative and significant relationship with the knowledge of the JSCOs only. Educational status, information seeking behaviour, training undergone and self confidence were found to have positive and significant relationship with the attitude of the officers towards watershed planning. Age was found to have negative and significant relationship with the attitude of the JSCOs and JSSOs towards watershed planning. Experience was found to have negative and significant relationship with the attitude of the JSCOs towards watershed planning. Self confidence had the highest direct effect on knowledge of the JSCOs in watershed planning and age had the highest indirect effect. Information seeking behaviour had the highest direct effect on knowledge of the JSSOs and training undergone had the highest indirect effect. Self confidence had the highest direct effect on knowledge of the AOs in watershed planning and information seeking behaviour had the highest indirect effect. Information seeking behaviour had the highest direct effect on the attitude of the JSCOs towards watershed planning. Highest indirect effect was that of age. Self confidence had the highest direct effect on the attitude of the JSSOs towards watershed planning and educational status had the highest indirect effect. Self confidence had the highest direct effect and information seeking behaviour had the highest indirect effect on the attitude of the AOs towards watershed planning. Variables experience, information seeking behaviour and job satisfaction had significant contribution to the knowledge of the JSCOs in watershed planning. Independently, only information seeking behaviour had significant contribution towards knowledge of JSSOs. Training undergone and self confidence had significant contribution to the knowledge of the AOs in watershed planning. None of the independent variables had significant contribution to the attitude of the JSCOs and JSSOs towards watershed planning. Only self confidence had significant contribution to the attitude of AOs towards watershed planning. Majority of the JSCOs perceived training need in watershed planning. A considerable number of JSSOs also perceived high training needs in watershed planning. But majority of the AOs perceived only a low training need in watershed planning. No significant difference in knowledge, attitude and training needs was observed between the JSCOs, but for awareness there was significant difference between these two groups. There was significant difference in awareness, knowledge attitude and training needs between the JSSOs and AOs and also between the JSCOs and AOs. Non-availability of demonstration plots for seeing the benefits of watershed management was the most important constraint in watershed planning as perceived by the JSCOs. But according to the JSSOs lack of awareness of the policy makers on the advantages of watershed planning and management was the most important constraint, whereas the AOs perceived inadequate training of the officers in watershed planning and management as the most important constraint.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluative perception of appropriateness of the recommended fertiliser management practices(Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1989) Rasheed Sulaiman, V; KAU; Muraleedhara Prasad, RA study was undertaken to investigate into the extent of knowledge, extent of adoption and evaluative perception of appropriateness of the recommended fertilizer management practices among rice farmers (n=200) and Agricultural Demonstrators (n=54) in Palghat and Cannanore Districts of Kerala State. The study revealed that farmers of Palghat and Cannanore differed significantly with respect to their knowledge and adoption of fertiliser management practices with farmers of Palaghat having higher level of knowledge and adoptionThesisItem Open Access Adoption of technology for cultivation of banana var. Nendran in Trichur district(Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1989) Anitha Vijayan; KAU; Ramachandran Nair, K PIt is commonly' observed that there is wide gap between the technology generated in Research Station and its actual use by the clientele. It is with this view in mind that the present study was undertaken to identify the gap in the adoption of technology in Banana Nendran cultivated in Trichur District. The relationship between personal, situational,psychological and i communication characteristics of Banana Nendran growers and their adoption was also studied. The constraints in the adoption process were also finally analysed. The study was conducted in Trichur District. The sample was 150 farmers selected randomly from the six wards of the two Panchayats selected for the study. Data was . collected using an interview schedule and suitable statistical techniques were employed in the analysis of the data. It was revealed from the study that the technological gapwith respect to 25.33 per cent of the respondents was low, 51.33 per cent of respondents was medium and 23.33 per cent of the respondents high. The study revealed that information source utilisation, innovation proneness and extension contact contribute significantly to the adoption of fertilizers in Banana var. Nendran. In the case of adoption of desuckering practice it was found that' information source utilisation, economic motivation and market orientation were significant in predicting the adoption of desuckering. Information source utilisation, extension contact, market orientation and farm size were found to contribute significantly to the adoption of mulching in Banana var. Nendran. It was revealed from the study that independent variables contributing significantly to the adoption of plant protection measures were information source utilisation, extension contact and market orientation. The important constraints perceived by the farmers were inadequacy of capital, high labour charge, low price for output, high prop cost, high cost of plant protection chemicals and fertlizers, inadequate market facilities, non-availability of equipment for plant protection, poor transport facilities, lack of knowledge about technology and uneconomic holding size. The results point out vivid ly to the prime need for strengthening the extension education efforts of the field functionaries to reduce the technological gap with respect to the cultivation of Banana Nendran variety in the District.ThesisItem Open Access Constraints in the utilization of developmental schemes by the cardamom growers of Kerala(Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1989) Kunchu, V; KAU; Kaleel, F M HA study was conducted in Idukki district of Kerala with the following objectives. 1. Awareness about the developmental schemes by the cardamom growers of Kerala. 2. Attitude of the cardamom growers towards 3. Extent of utilization of developmental schemes by the cardamom growers. 4. Constraints in the utilization of developmental schemes by the cardamom growers of Kerala One hundred and fifty cardamom growers were selected by using simple random sampling procedure.The study illumined that the majority of cardamom farmers had medium level of awareness towards the developmental schemes In the case of attitude of farmers towards the developmental schemes majority of the respondents were having medium level of attitude. Regarding the extent of utilization of developmental schemes 60.00 per cent of the respondents were under the medium level of utilization of developmental schemesThesisItem Open Access Impact of development programmes in promoting pepper production in Kerala(Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1989) Sajeev, Chandran A; KAU; Prakash, RTo assess the impact of various development programmes in promoting pepper production, a study was carried out in Cannanore, Payyannore and Tellichery sub-divisions of Cannanore district in Kerala. The impact was studied, by finding out the level of awareness, attitude towards the extent of adoption under the pepper development programmes. The relationship between and among the selected dependent and independent variables was studied. The constraints in the adoption of various recommended practices for increasing pepper production as perceived by the farmers were also identified.ThesisItem Open Access Job satisfaction of agricultural graduates engaged in selected avenues of employment in Alleppey District(Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1989) Kalavathi, S; KAU; Tampi, A MThe study was conducted in Alleppey District with a sample of 110 Agricultural graduates working in three avenues of employment viz., Department of Agriculture (60 respondents), Banks (30 respondents) and Agricultural University (30 respondents). The data were collected through interviews with the respondents. The data were analysed by applying percentage analysis, simple correlation, path analysis, Chi-square test, kruskal-wallis test and Friedman’s test. The results indicated that the agricultural graduates working in banks felt higher satisfaction on their job, followed by the agricultural graduates in the University and Department of Agriculture respectively in their order of satisfaction. Their personal factors (age, sex and the like) contributed very little to job satisfaction, whereas the job- related factors (Job Motivation, Job attitude and the like) were having significant contribution to job satisfaction. Job motivation expressed maximum direct as well as indirect effects within the three avenues of employment. Most negatively contributing factor was job esteem. Half of the agricultural graduates working in the three avenues of employment viz., Department of Agriculture, Banks and Kerala Agricultural University both perceived and performed their duties on the job at a higher order. The personal in the Banks and Agricultural University evidenced significant difference in the levels of their perception and performance in the areas of their job, namely, planning, Execution, Financing. Administration and supervision, Monitoring and Evaluation and Technical duties. Planning with Monitoring and Evaluation was considered most by the banking personnel. The Agricultural University personnel evidenced significant importance in Planning, Execution and supervisory process within their job. Departmental personnel perceived and performed all the areas of job duties on par. The results also indicated a positive relationship between job perception, job performance and job satisfaction amongst the agricultural graduates in all the three avenues of employment.ThesisItem Open Access Transfer of technology on pulses and oil seed cultivation in the Onattukara tract of Kerala(Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1989) Anitha Kumari, P; KAU; Thiagarajan Nair, GThe study on the transfer of technology of pulses and oilseeds was undertaken to find out the extent of adoption of improved technology among the crops- sesamum and cowpea – cultivated in the Onattukara tract of Kerala. It was also envisaged to study of the factors contributing to adoption and constraints in the adoption of improved practices of cultivation. The investigation was conducted among two groups of farmers. A total of 150 farmers, from 15 panchayats formed the sample. Five panchayats, each were selected from the three taluks, viz., Karunagappally, Karthikappally and Mavelikara which constitutes the Onattukara region. Data were collected, by using a structured interview schedule, during the months, December 1988 and January 1989. The important findings of the study were the following: The extent of adoption of different improved practices vary among farmers. Majority of the farmers adopted the correct seed rate. But only a few farmers adopted plant protection measures in sesamum and rhizobium culture treatment and lime application in cowpea. None of the sample farmers adopted full package of practices. Farmers reported “other farmers” as the main source of farm information. The other important sources of information in the order of importance were newspapers, radio, relatives and friends, agricultural demonstrators, fertilizer dealers and agricultural officers. Regarding infrastructure facilities, the major gaps farmers perceived were, lack of adequate availability of seeds, high cost for fertilizers and pesticides, lack of timely and adequate availability of plant protection equipments in good condition, high labour charges and labour inefficiency and lack of adequate and timely availability of labourers. Scientific orientation, Information source utilization, Infrastructure facilities, knowledge, perception and Attitude towards improved practices were found to be positively and significantly related with extent of adoption of practices in cowpea and sesamum. But in the case of cowpea, education status and risk orientation also were found to be positively and significantly correlated with extent of adoption of practices. The results of path analysis indicated that in the case of sesamum indirect effect of the selected variables (which were significantly related with extent of adoption), were mainly routed through the variable “knowledge level of farmers”. The maximum direct effects was also by the same variable. In the case of cowpea, the indirect effect of the selected variables, were mainly routed through information source utilization. The maximum direct effects on extent of adoption was also by this variable. Lack of timely and adequate availability of inputs, High cost of inputs, unfavourable climate, lack of knowledge about recommended practices, high labour charges and incidence of pests and diseases were the main constraints perceived by the farmers. They suggested solutions laying out like; timely and adequate supply of inputs, demonstration plots, improved varieties with high yield potential that can thrive climatic variations and proper price policies: to overcome the constraints in adopting improved farm technologies.
