Thumbnail Image

Thesis

Browse

2015 - 20185
Reset filters
Start date: 2010 × End date: 2019 × Subject: Veterinary Microbiology ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF BACTERIOPHAGE AGAINST MULTI DRUG RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCI OF ANIMAL ORIGIN
    (JAU,JUNAGADH, 2018-06) ANIRUDDHSINH M. ZALA; Dr. B. S. MATHAPATI
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL CASSETTE CHROMOSOME MEC (SCCMEC) TYPES OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCI FROM ANIMAL AND HUMAN ORIGIN 2513
    (JAU,JUNAGADH, 2018-03) SANJAY N. GHODASARA; DR. J. H. PUROHIT
    The present study was carried out with the objectives of isolation, identification and molecular characterization of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) types along with antimicrobial resistance patterns and presence of virulent genes (toxic genes) in methicillin-resistant staphylococci from animals and humans. Out of 202 animals and 100 human nasal swabs, 86 (42.57%) and 62 (62%) isolates were Staphylococcus spp., respectively based on biochemical and molecular based identification. The antibiogram study revealed higher rates of methicillin, gentamicin, ofloxacin and levofloxacin sensitivity to human isolates, whereas higher susceptibility to amikacin and rifampicin followed by oxytetracyclin and chloramphenicol were observed in animal isolates. Out of total 86 and 62 staphylococci isolates, 74 and 50 isolates were Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS), 12 (from each) were Coagulase Positive Staphylococci (CoPS). Of these total Staphylococci isolated from both the species, 9 and 20 isolates were identified as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci (MRS) from animal and humans, respectively. Out of these MRS isolates, 8 and 18 were Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS), 1 and 2 isolates were Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Positive Staphylococci (MRCoPS) from animal and humans, respectively. One isolate was identified as Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus aureus (MRCoNSA) from the animals and 2 isolates were identified as MRSA from humans. Of these 2 isolates, one isolate was Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus aureus (MRCoNSA) and one isolate was Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus aureus (MRCoPSA). The study conducted for presence of virulence genes and their SCCmec typing on total 235 Staphylococcus spp. including departmental isolates which included, 148 Staphylococcus spp. (86 from animal milk/pus samples and 62 from human nasal swabs) from present study and 87 Staphylococcus spp. (47 from animal milk/pus samples and 40 from human nasal swabs) from departmental isolates. Out of these, 16 (12.03%) from animals and 40 (39.21%) from humans were having mecA gene which were classified as Methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Of these, 3 (2.26%) different isolates were found positive for all these virulence genes i.e. PVL, hla and icaA from Abstract… animals, whereas 7 (6.86%), 6 (5.88%) and 4 (3.92%) isolates were found positive for PVL, hla and icaA gene from humans, respectively. The SCCmec typing of MRS isolates were studied from 16 animals MRS isolates, of these, 14 isolates having one of the SCCmec types (SCCmec type I, 2; SCCmec type II, 0; SCCmec type III, 1; SCCmec type IV, 5; SCCmec type V, 6), whereas 2 isolates were Untypable. Out of total 40 humans MRS isolates, 28 isolates having one of the SCCmec types (SCCmec type I, 7; SCCmec type II, 0; SCCmec type III, 3; SCCmec type IV, 9; SCCmec type V, 9), whereas 12 isolates were Untypable. Based on SCCmec typing, 18.75% (3/16) and 25% (10/40) isolates were classified as hospital associated methicillin-resistant staphylococci (HA-MRS), whereas 68.75% (11/16) and 45% (18/40) isolates were classified as community associated methicillin resistant staphylococci (CA-MRS) from animal and humans, respectively. The overall percentage of CA-MRS (63.04%) was higher as compare to HA-MRS (28.26%) among both the species. The detection of SCCmec types IV and V suggested the prevailed of CA-MRSA strains in this geographical area and occurrence of SCCmec I and II alleles indicated a possible transmission of MRSA from human to animals. The prevailed of same SCCmec types among animal and humans attribute to transmission of MRS from animal to human or vice versa indicating potential zoonotic pathogen prevalence in farm and farm workers.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF MAJOR PATHOGENS FROM SUBCLINICAL AND CLINICAL BOVINE MASTITIS 2511
    (JAU,JUNAGADH, 2018-03) BHAVESHKUMAR B. JAVIA; Dr. J. H. PUROHIT
    The present study was carried out with an objective to screen bovine milk samples for status of subclinical mastitis (SCM) by somatic cell count (SCC), to isolate and identify major mastitis pathogens viz: S. aureus, E. coli and predominant Streptococcal species, to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and to optimize multiplex PCR for rapid and simultaneous detection of these pathogens in the milk samples. Total 390 bovine milk samples (180 from clinical cases of mastitis and 210 from apparently healthy animals) were collected from in and around Junagadh district. According to the measurement of SCC in 180 milk samples, 34.29% prevalence of SCM was observed. A primary culture isolation of 252 milk samples (72 SCM and 180 clinical mastitis milk samples) revealed 60.26% prevalence of bovine mastitis. The prevalence of mastitis caused by S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis was found 13.59%, 2.31% and 0.77%, respectively. The overall prevalence of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp. was 38.72% which is highest among all other isolated bacteria, while of S. aureus and CoNS were 15.64% and 23.08% respectively. The prevalence of mastitis caused by E. coli and other bacteria were noted 10.77% and 3.59%, respectively. The prevalence of mastitis caused by mixed bacterial infection was 9.49 %. In the present study high resistance of Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. and E. coli observed against ceftriaxone and amoxicillin-sulbactam which displays antibiotic usage pattern in this region. Likewise bacterial isolates studied were highly sensitive to levofloxacin which suggest judicious use of this antibiotic in treatment of bovine mastitis. The molecular detection of major mastitis causing organisms was also carried out by standardizing PCR. The tuf gene and 16S rRNA was targeted to detect Abstract… Streptococci and Staphylococci at genus level. Further, sip, 16S rRNA and pauA gene were targeted to detect S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis respectively. The screening of 65 Streptococcal isolates revealed 53, 9 and 3 isolates as S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis respectively. S. aureus was detected by targeting nuc gene and out of 151 isolates of Staphylococci screened, 61 isolates revealed the presence of nuc gene indicating S. aureus. E. coli were detected by targeting alr gene in 42 isolates, which signifies the superiority of molecular diagnostic tools. The two tube mPCR for simultaneous detection of five major mastitis pathogens from milk samples was optimized in this study to reduce the time and labour involved in individual detection. The efficiency of this assay was compared with conventional microbiological methods. The optimized mPCR showed promising results with 100% diagnostic sensitivity and 83.87% diagnostic specificity. The mPCR assay optimized in the present study is very rapid and better option to choose as diagnostic tool for detection of major mastitis pathogens directly from milk samples as compare to conventional methods and can be useful for formulating the strategy for prevention and control of bovine mastitis.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access