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Open Access
EFFECT OF HARVESTING STAGES ON SEED QUALITY OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) 2913
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-08) HIRPARA AMITA BHAGAVANJIBHAI; M. H. Sapovadiya
The present investigation was conducted at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during kharif-2018, with an aim to study the effect of harvesting stages (H1=One pod mature in plant, H2=Physiological maturity, H3=One week after physiological maturity, and H4=Two weeks after physiological maturity) on seed quality in different soybean varieties (V1=GS-1, V2=GS-2 and V3=GJS-3) in the field condition as well as during storage. The experiment was laid out in field as per Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications. The characters viz., fresh weight of hundred pods (g), dry weight of hundred pods (g), fresh weight of hundred seeds (g) and dry weight of hundred seeds (g) were recorded in the field. The seeds harvested as per the treatment combinations from the field experiment were stored in the laboratory for six months and observations viz., moisture content (%), 100 seed weight (g), germination percentage, root length of seedling (cm), shoot length of seedling (cm), seedling length (cm), seedling fresh weight (mg), seedling dry weight (mg), seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II, electrical conductivity of seed leachates (dS/m) and oil content (%) were recorded initially at the time of storage followed by three months interval up to six months in the laboratory of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The experimental results revealed that irrespective of harvesting stages, significantly the highest and lowest fresh and dry weight of hundred pods and seeds were recorded in GJS-3 and GS-1, respectively. Irrespective of varieties, significantly the highest fresh weight of hundred pods (53.32 g) and seeds (17.35 g) was recorded, when seeds harvested at H1 (One pod mature in plant). Significantly the highest (36.11 g and 10.04 g) and the lowest (22.36 g and 7.02 g) dry weight of hundred pods and seeds were recorded in H2 (Physiological maturity) and H1 (One pod mature in plant) harvesting stages, respectively. Fresh and dry weight of pods were decreased significantly with advance in maturity, while dry weight of seeds and pods were increased up to physiological maturity and then decreased.Abstract ii Irrespective of the harvesting stages, the moisture content in the seeds, 100 seed weight and electrical conductivity of seed leachates were increased gradually with increased in storage period, while germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight, seedling vigour index (I and II) and oil content were decreased gradually with increased in storage period. At the time of storage, the moisture content recorded the highest (7.51 %) in GJS-3 and after six months of storage, the moisture content, on an average, increased to 0.4 per cent and it was noted the maximum (7.95 %) in GJS-3. More or less the same results were observed for 100 seed weight and EC of seed leachates. Germination was recorded the highest (89.28 %) in GJS-3 at the time of storage, but after six months of storage, germination was noted the maximum (73.75 %) in GJS-3 and that is in decreasing order. Seedling vigour index (I and II) were recorded significantly the highest (1778.45 and 30094.93) in GJS-3 at the time of storage and after six months of storage, they were noted the maximum (1192.54 and 14134.19) in GJS-3. For the remaining traits like, 100 seed weight (9.29 g), root length (9.06 cm), shoot length (10.86 cm), seedling length (19.92 cm), seedling fresh weight (3274.17 mg) and seedling dry weight (336.67 mg), oil content (20.30 %) were recorded maximum in GJS-3 and electrical conductivity of seed leachates (0.810 dS/m) in GS-2 recorded the maximum values at the end of six months storage. Irrespective of varieties, at the time of storage, the maximum moisture content (7.58 %) was noted in H1 (One pod mature in plant) harvesting stage. After six months of storage, the moisture content, on an average, increased to 0.4 per cent and it was recorded significantly the maximum (7.98 %) in the same stage. Irrespective of varieties, at the time of storage, significantly the maximum germination (95.02 %), 100 seed weight (10.68 g), root length (6.87 cm), shoot length (7.91 cm), seedling length (14.78 cm), seedling fresh weight (1873.33 mg), seedling dry weight (174.87 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1141.46) and seedling vigour index-II (13505.21) were recorded maximum in the seeds harvested at H2 (Physiological maturity) stage. After six months of storage, same trend was observed, as significantly the maximum performance for different traits were recorded in the seeds harvested at H2 (Physiological maturity) stage. Overall, looking to the seed quality, it could be suggested that for getting the good quality of soybean seed, soybean seed should be harvested at the H2 (Physiological maturity) harvesting stage, as the seeds harvested at H2 (Physiological maturity) recorded the maximum germination percentage (77.23 %) even after six months of storage with good vigour. Deterioration of seed quality was observed over a period of time in soybean seeds stored under ambient storage condition.
Open Access
CHARACTERIZATION OF URDBEAN (VignamungoL. Hepper) GENOTYPES THROUGH MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS, CHEMICAL TESTS AND QUALITY PARAMETERS 2861
(jau,junagdh, 2019-07) AJAY KUMAR RAWAT; Dr. L. K. SHARMA
An experiment was carried out at the Pulses Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, to characterize thirtyurdbean genotypes based on morphological characters (plant, seed and seedling) and chemical tests. Thirty urdbean genotypes were grouped into different groups based on 28 plant morphological characters, 4seed morphological characters, 8 seedling characters and 3 chemical tests. The genotypes were grouped based on50 per cent flowering, the genotypes were grouped intoearly (13 genotypes), medium (16 genotypes) and late (1 genotype) types.For plant height, all the thirty genotypes were tall.Based on plant habit, genotypes were grouped into semi-determinate(4 genotypes)anddeterminate(26 genotypes) types.Based on growth habit, genotypes were grouped into erect (11 genotypes), semi erect (17 genotypes) and spreading (1 genotype) types. Based on number of branches per plant, genotypes were grouped into medium (29 genotypes) and high (1 genotype) types.Based on twining habit, the genotypes were grouped intonon-viny (26 genotypes) and viny (4 genotypes) types.Based on petiole color, the genotypes were grouped into green (1 genotype), green with purple splashes (26 genotypes) and purple (3 genotypes) types.Based on petiole length, 30 genotypes under study were grouped into medium (28 genotypes)and long (2 genotypes) types.Based on petiole hairiness, the genotypes were grouped into absent (1 genotype), sparse (19 genotypes)and dense (10 genotypes) types.Based on length of peduncle, 30 genotypes under study were grouped into short (6 genotypes) and medium (24 genotypes)types.Based on days to maturity, genotypes were grouped into early (22 genotypes) and medium (8 genotypes) types.For stem color, all the thirty genotypes had green with purple splashes on stem. Based on stem pubescence, the genotypes were grouped into present (14 genotypes) and absent (16genotypes) types. Based on shape of terminal leaf, the genotypes were grouped into cuneate (2 genotypes), lanceolate(26 genotypes) and ovate(2 genotypes) types. Based on leaf color, the genotypes were grouped into light green (4 genotypes) and green (26 genotypes) types. Based on vein color, the genotypes were grouped into green (28 genotypes) and purple (2 genotypes) types. Based on leaf pubescence, the genotypes were grouped into absent (5 genotypes) and present (25 genotypes) types. Based on leaf size, the genotypes were grouped into large (3 genotypes) and medium (27 genotypes) types. The genotypes were grouped based on mature pod color into black (11 genotypes) and brown (19 genotypes) types. Based on pubescence on pod, the genotypes were grouped into absent (5 genotypes) and present (25 genotypes) types. Based on the mature pod length, genotypes were grouped into long (30 genotypes) type. Based on mature pod shape, genotypes were grouped into semi flat (9 genotypes) and round (21 genotypes) types. Based on mature pod constriction, genotypes were grouped into medium (5 genotypes) and least (25 genotypes) types. Based on mature pod curvature, the genotypes did not differentiate. In all the 30 genotypes the mature pod curvature was absent. Based on the variations in colour of seed, the genotypes were grouped into black (18 genotypes) and black brown (12 genotypes) types. Based on seed coat lusture, genotypes were grouped into shiny (3 genotypes) and dull (27 genotypes) types. Based on seed shape, genotypes were grouped into drum (8 genotypes) and globose (22 genotypes) types. Hundred seed weight varied significantly among the genotypes. Hundred seed weight ranged from 3.99 g (Pant U 31) to 5.5 g (GJU 1509) with a mean of 4.82 g. Based on seed size, genotypes were grouped into medium (5 genotypes) and large (25 genotypes) types. Seed yield per plant varied significantly among the genotypes. Seed yield per plant ranged from 5.94 g (IC 14691) to 17.01 g (Vamban 8) with a mean of 11.39 g. Based on seedling pubescence, the genotypes did not differentiated. In all the 30 genotypes the seedling pubescence was absent. Based on anthocyanin color on hypocotyl, genotypes were grouped into present (1 genotype) and absent (29 genotype) types.Among 30 genotypes, seedling vigour index I was high in all thirty genotypes The seeds were subjected to NaOH bleach test, KOH test and growth response test for differentiating the genotypes. The genotypes were grouped based on Potassium Hydroxide bleach test into orange color (26 genotypes) and dark orange red color (4 genotypes) types. Based on Sodium Hydroxide test, the genotypes were grouped into orange color (19 genotypes) and dark orange red color (11 genotypes) types. Based on growth response test, the genotypes were grouped into very low (4 genotypes), low (5 genotypes), medium (3 genotypes) and high (18 genotypes) types. The assessment of genetic purity is an important criterion in seed production programme. Therefore, simple and reliable techniques need to be developed for genetic purity assessment and genotype characterization. The identified morphological characteristics of urdbean genotypes could be utilized in DUS testing, seed production programme and genetic purity testing. The results of chemical tests are useful in identifying and grouping of urdbean genotypes and also in genetic purity testing.
Open Access
EFFECT OF FRUIT POSITION AND FRUIT RETENTION LOAD ON SEED YIELD AND SEED QUALITY PARAMETERS IN OKRA [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] 2859
(jau,junagdh, 2019-07) Vaghasiya khushbuben parsotambhai; Dr. G. U. Kulkarni
The study entitled “Effect of fruit position and fruit retention load on seed yield and seed quality parameters in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]” was carried out during summer 2018 at the Sagdividi Farm, Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The experiment comprised of three factors, first factor okra varieties, i.e GJO-3 and GAO-5, Second factor fruit retention load, i.e. retention of fruits borne on different nodes for seed purpose and retaining all fruits and third factor collection of seeds from different fruit position, fruits borne on 1-3 nodes (C1), fruits borne on 4-8 nodes (C2), fruits borne on above 8th node (C3), fruits borne on 1-8 nodes (C4), fruits borne on 1-3 nodes and above 8th node (C5), fruits borne above 4th nodes (C6) and all fruits (C7). The characters viz., field emergence (%), days to flower initiation, plant height at 30 DAS (cm), plant height at final harvest (cm), fruit length (cm), number of seeds per fruit, hundred seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g) were recorded in the field and were analyzed using Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications as per Cochran and Cox (1957). The laboratory observation on seed quality parameters under the study were measured in the laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The characters viz., seed germination (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm), seedling length (cm), seedling fresh weight (g), seedling dry weight (g), seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II and seed moisture content (%), were analyzed by Completely Randomized Design (Factorial) as per the method suggested by Cochran and Cox (1957). The varietal influence has been seen on yield and related traits. Variety GAO-5 was recorded higher value for plant height at final harvest and fruit length while variety GJO-3 scored comparatively higher values for days to flower initiation, plant height at 30 DAS, number of seeds per fruit, hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant. In laboratory conditions significantly highest seed germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I and seedling vigour index-II were recorded in variety GJO-3. Fruit retention was found significantly maximum and minimum plant height at final harvest, fruit length, number of seeds per fruit, hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant were recorded in retention of fruits borne on different nodes for seed purpose and retaining all fruits, respectively. In laboratory conditions, retention of fruits borne on different nodes for seed purpose recorded significantly higher seed germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I and seedling vigour index-II compared to the retaining all fruits. Collection of seeds from fruits borne on 1-3 nodes was recorded significantly maximum fruit length, number of seeds per fruit and hundred seed weight followed by collection of seeds from fruits borne on 4-8 nodes and collection of seeds from fruits borne on 1-8 nodes. While, significantly lowest fruit length was observed in collection of seeds from all fruits. Collection of seeds from fruits borne above 8th node was recorded significantly minimum number of seeds per fruit and hundred seed weight. The maximum plant height at final harvest was recorded in collection of seeds from fruits borne on 1-3 nodes and above 8th node followed by collection of seeds from fruits borne on above 8th nodes, collection of seeds from fruits borne on 1-3 nodes and collection of seeds from fruits borne on 1-8 nodes which were all at par with collection of seeds from fruits borne on 1-3 nodes and above 8th node. Significantly minimum plant height at final harvest was recorded in fruit position collection of seeds from fruits borne on above 4th nodes. Collection of seeds from all fruits recorded significantly highest seed yield per plant followed by collection of seeds from fruits borne on 1-8 nodes and collection of seeds from fruits borne on above 4th nodes. While, collection of seeds from fruits borne above 8th node recorded significantly the lowest seed yield per plant. In laboratory conditions, collection of seeds from fruits borne on 1-3 nodes recorded significantly maximum seed germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I and seedling vigour index-II followed by collection of seeds from fruits borne on 4-8 nodes and collection of seeds from fruits borne on 1-8 nodes. While, collection of seeds from fruits borne above 8th node recorded significantly lower seed germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I and seedling vigour index-II. All the interactions i.e. Interaction effect varieties (V) x fruit retention (H), Interaction effect varieties (V) x collection of seeds from different fruit positions (C), Interaction effect fruit retention (H) x collection of seeds from different fruit positions (C) and Interaction effect varieties (V) x fruit retention (H) x collection of seeds from different fruit positions (C) for plant height at final harvest, fruit length, number of seeds per fruit, hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant was found significant. All the interactions i.e. Interaction effect varieties (V) x fruit retention (H), Interaction effect varieties (V) x collection of seeds from different fruit positions (C), Interaction effect fruit retention (H) x collection of seeds from different fruit positions (C) and Interaction effect varieties (V) x fruit retention (H) x collection of seeds from different fruit positions (C) was found non-significant for field emergence percentage, days to flower initiation, plant height at 30 DAS, seed germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II and seed moisture content.
Open Access
EFFECT OF HARVESTING STAGES ON SEED QUALITY IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) VARIETIES 2796
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-05) PATEL DISHA SANJAYKUMAR; J. B. PATEL
The present investigation was conducted at the Sagdividi Farm, Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during rabi 2017-18, with an aim to study the effect of harvesting stages (H1 = Dark green colour pod stage, H2 = Green to yellow colour pod stage, H3 = Full yellow colour pod stage, and H4 = Copper brown colour pod stage) on seed quality in different chickpea varieties (V1 = GG 1, V2 = GG 2, V3 = GJG 3, V4 = GG 4, V5 = GG 5, and V6 = GG 6) in the field condition as well as during storage after harvesting. The experiment was laid out in field as per Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications. The characters viz., fresh weight of hundred pods (g), dry weight of hundred pods (g), fresh weight of hundred seeds (g), dry weight of hundred seeds (g) and moisture content (%) of fresh seeds were recorded in the field. The seeds harvested as per the treatment combinations from the field experiment were stored in the laboratory for eight months and observations viz., moisture content (%), 100 seed weight (g), germination percentage, root length of seedling (cm), shoot length of seedling (cm), seedling length (cm), seedling fresh weight (mg), seedling dry weight (mg), seedling vigour index (length), seedling vigour index (mass) and electrical conductivity of seed leachates (ds/m) were recorded initially at the time of storage followed by two months interval up to eight months in the laboratory of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The experimental results revealed that irrespective of harvesting stages, significantly the highest and lowest fresh and dry weight of hundred pods and fresh weight of hundred pods were recorded in GG 2 and GG 5, respectively; while dry weight of hundred seeds was recorded significantly the highest and the lowest in GG2 and GG4, respectively. Relatively the highest moisture content (35.18 %) in fresh seeds was noted in GJG 3 followed by GG 2 (34.94 %) and GG 4 (34.82 %). The lowest moisture content was noted in GG 6 (34.44 %). Irrespective of varieties, significantly the highest fresh weight of hundred pods (55.60 g) and seeds (39.50 g) was recorded, when seeds harvested at green to yellow colour pod stage (H2). Significantly the highest (33.51 g and 27.68 g) and the lowest (16.21 g and 7.58 g) dry weight of hundred pods and seeds were recorded in H3 (full yellow colour pod stage) and H1 (dark green colour pod stage) harvesting stages, respectively. Among the different stages of harvest, significantly the maximum (59.95 %) moisture content was recorded in fresh seeds harvested at dark green colour pod stage (H1) followed by green to yellow colour pod stage (H2) (42.45 %), while it was noted the minimum Abstract ii (13.13 %) in copper brown colour pod stage (H4). Fresh and dry weight of pods and moisture content recorded in fresh seeds at the time of harvesting were decreased significantly with advance in maturity, while dry weight of seeds and pods were increased up to physiological maturity and then decreased. Irrespective of the harvesting stages, the moisture content in the seeds, 100 seed weight and electrical conductivity of seed leachates were increased gradually with increased in storage period, while germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight, and seedling vigour index (length and mass) were decreased gradually with increased in storage period. At the time of storage, the moisture content recorded the highest (8.59 %) in GG 2 and after eight months of storage, the moisture content, on an average, increased to 2 per cent and it was noted the maximum (10.57 %) in GG 4. More or less the same results were observed in 100 seed weight and EC of seed leachates. Germination was recorded the highest (68.83 %) in GG 5 at the time of storage, but after eight months of storage, germination was noted the maximum (58.42 %) in GJG 3 and that is in decreasing order. Seedling vigour index (length and mass) were recorded significantly the highest (2111.10 and 4222.30) in GG 5 at the time of storage and after eight months of storage, they were noted the maximum (1204.60 and 2409.20) in GJG 3. For the remaining traits like, 100 seed weight (25.25 g) in GG 2; root length (5.08 cm), shoot length (10.38 cm), seedling length (15.47 cm), seedling fresh weight (402.13 mg) and seedling dry weight (30.93 mg) in GG 6; and electrical conductivity of seed leachates (1.434 dS/m) in GG 4 recorded the maximum values at the end of 8 months storage. Irrespective of varieties, the seeds harvested at dark green colour pod stage (H1) were not germinated at all. Therefore, no any seed quality observations were recorded. Irrespective of varieties, the moisture content in the seeds, 100 seed weight and electrical conductivity of leachates were increased gradually with increased in storage period, while germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight, and seedling vigour index (length and mass) of seeds harvested at different stages were decreased gradually with increased in storage period. Initially at the time of storage, the maximum moisture content (8.70 %) was noted in green to yellow colour pod stage (H2). After eight months of storage, the moisture content, on an average, increased to 2 per cent and it was recorded significantly the maximum (10.61 %) in the same stage. Irrespective of varieties, at the time of storage, significantly the maximum germination (95.06 %) was recorded in the seeds harvested at full yellow colour pod stage (H3) and after eight months of storage, same trend was observed, as significantly the maximum germination (84.67 %) was recorded in the seeds harvested at full yellow colour pod stage (H3). After eight months of storage, significantly the maximum 100 seed weight (28.79 g), root length (7.46 cm), shoot length (14.71 cm), seedling length (22.16 cm), seedling fresh weight (577.74 mg), seedling dry weight (44.49 mg), seedling vigour index (length) (1876.78) and seedling vigour index (mass) (3767.28) were recorded in the seeds harvested at full yellow colour pod stage (H3). Overall, looking to the seed quality, it could be suggested that for getting the higher yield and quality of chickpea varieties after eight months of storage, chickpea seed should be harvested at the H3 (full yellow color pod stage), as the seeds harvested at full yellow color pod stage recorded the germination percentage (84.67 %) even after eight months of storage with good vigour. For maintaining better quality up to the next season sowing, seeds could be stored under proper storage condition, because with increase in storage period, quality of seed deteriorated.
Open Access
CHARACTERIZATION OF MUNG BEAN (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) VARIETIES THROUGH SEED, SEEDLING AND PLANT MORPHOLOGY AND CHEMICAL TESTS 2969
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-07) PATEL JAIMINKUMAR DHIRAJLAL; J. B. PATEL
An experiment was carried out during kharif 2018 at Sagdividi Farm, Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, to characterize and group the 44 mung bean genotypes based on morphological characters (18 plant morphological characters, three seed morphological characters, four seedling characters) and chemical tests (phenol test, peroxidase test, KOH test and NaOH test). Time of flowering varied with the genotypes ranging from 37.33 days (GJM 1011) to 53.67 days (Pant M-3). Based on time of flowering, the genotypes were grouped as early (two genotypes EC 482907 and GJM 1011), medium (41 genotypes) and late (one genotype Pant M-3). Flower colour of petal was yellow in two genotypes (EC 251810 and GM 06-08), while it was light yellow in 42 genotypes. Petiole colour was observed green (seven genotypes), green with purple (14 genotypes) and purple (23 genotypes). Based on plant habit, genotypes were grouped as indeterminate (seven genotypes) and determinate (37 genotypes). Based on plant growth habit, genotypes were grouped as erect (seven genotypes), semi-erect (21 genotypes) and spreading type (16 genotypes). Among 44 genotypes, plant height was short in one genotype (K 851), while it was long in 12 genotypes and medium in the remaining 31 genotypes. Pubescence was present in all the genotypes evaluated. Stem color was noted green in 17 genotypes and green with purple in 27 genotypes. Leaflet lobes were present in two genotypes (GJM 1103 and GM 06-08), whereas, it was absent in 42 genotypes. Leaf colour was dark green in 29 genotypes and green in 15 genotypes. Based on leaf vein color, the genotypes were grouped as green (five genotypes) and purple (39 genotypes). Shape of leaf was ovate in 41 genotypes, whereas it was deltoid in three genotypes (GJM 1020, GJM 1022 and GM 1924). Leaf size was large in three genotypes (EC 496841, GJM 1026 and OUM 11- 5), small in seven genotypes and medium in 34 genotypes. All the genotypes evaluated were having green premature pod colour with pubescence on pods. Pod position was indeterminate in only one genotype (GM 1924), while it was observed above canopy in all the remaining 43 genotypes. Based on the pod colour of mature pods, genotypes were grouped into two groups as black (18 genotypes) and brown (26 genotypes) colour pods. Pod length of mature pods was long in three genotypes (GJM 1025, Kopergaon and TARM 18), short in 18 genotypes and medium in 23 genotypes.All the 44 mung bean genotypes evaluated were of green colour seeds. Based on seed shape, genotypes were grouped into drum (42 genotypes) and oval shape (two genotypes GJM 1011 and IC 24789). Seed size was medium in 32 genotypes and large in 12 genotypes. Coleoptiles anthocyanin colouration was absent in all 44 genotypes. Among 44 genotypes, significantly the highest seed germination percentage was observed in GAM 5 (96.67 %) followed by genotypes GM 4 (96.00 %), GJM 1027 (95.67 %), GJM 1004 (95.00 %) and GJM 1022 (95.00 %) and the lowest were observed in OUM 11-5 (91.00 %). Significantly the longest seedling length was recorded in the GAM 5 (31.66 cm) and the shortest seedling length in RMG 268 (23.93 cm). Significantly the highest seedling vigour index (length) was noticed in GAM 5 (3060.79) and the lowest seedling vigour index (length) was noticed in RMG 268 (2209.84). Based on seedling vigour index (length), the genotypes were grouped as high seedling vigour with one genotype (GAM 5), low seedling vigour with 24 genotypes and medium seedling vigour with 19 genotypes. All 44 genotypes expressed orange colour in potassium hydroxide test. Among 44 genotypes, phenol test exhibited brown colour response in eight genotypes and dark brown colour in remaining 36 genotypes. Peroxidase test showed light brown colour (13 genotypes) and dark brown colour (31 genotypes) response. Sodium hydroxide test recorded orange colour in 18 genotypes and straw color in 26 genotypes. In the present study, it was found that Pant M-3 was distinct genotype based on flower morphology, as it was late in flowering with light yellow purple colour, On the basis of plant morphological characteristics, K 851 was distinct genotype with dwarf stature, green with purple petiole colour, determinate plant habit and spreading type plant growth habit, and genotype EC 482907 was distinct genotype with tall stature with green petiole, indeterminate plant habit and spreading type plant growth habit. Based on leaf characters, genotype GJM 1020 was distinct genotype with small leaf size, deltoid leaf shape, dark green leaf, purple vein and absent of leaflet lobes, while GM 06-08 was distinct with medium leaf size, ovate leaf shape, green leaf, purple vein and present of leaflet lobes and GJM 1103 with small leaf size, ovate leaf shape, dark green leaf, purple vein and present of leaflet lobes. Based on pod morphology, the genotype GM 1924 was distinct with indeterminate pod position with brown colour medium length pods at maturity, while TARM 18 was distinct with brown pod colour at maturity with long pod length and GJM 1025 and Kopergaon were distinct with black colour long pods at maturity. Based on seed morphology, genotypes GJM 1011 and IC 24789 were distinct genotypes with oval seed shape and medium seed size. Based on chemical tests, genotype GAM 5 was distinct, as it showed light brown colour reaction in peroxidase test, brown colour in phenol test and straw colour in NaOH test. Similarly, K 851 and Kopergaon showed same response as light brown colour reaction in peroxidase test, brown colour in phenol test and orange colour in NaOH test. Assessment of genetic purity is an important criterion in seed production programme. Therefore, simple and reliable techniques need to be developed for genetic purity assessment and genotype characterization. The present study suggested that plant, seed and seedling morphological characteristics were found to be useful in broad classification of mung bean genotypes. Further, the cultivar reaction to different chemicals like potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, peroxidase test and phenol test were also found useful in grouping of mung bean genotypes.
Open Access
EFFECT OF HARVESTING STAGES ON SEED QUALITY OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.)2913
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-08) Hirpara Amita B.; Dr. M. H. Sapovadiya
The present investigation was conducted at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during kharif-2018, with an aim to study the effect of harvesting stages (H1=One pod mature in plant, H2=Physiological maturity, H3=One week after physiological maturity, and H4=Two weeks after physiological maturity) on seed quality in different soybean varieties (V1=GS-1, V2=GS-2 and V3=GJS-3) in the field condition as well as during storage. The experiment was laid out in field as per Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications. The characters viz., fresh weight of hundred pods (g), dry weight of hundred pods (g), fresh weight of hundred seeds (g) and dry weight of hundred seeds (g) were recorded in the field. The seeds harvested as per the treatment combinations from the field experiment were stored in the laboratory for six months and observations viz., moisture content (%), 100 seed weight (g), germination percentage, root length of seedling (cm), shoot length of seedling (cm), seedling length (cm), seedling fresh weight (mg), seedling dry weight (mg), seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II, electrical conductivity of seed leachates (dS/m) and oil content (%) were recorded initially at the time of storage followed by three months interval up to six months in the laboratory of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The experimental results revealed that irrespective of harvesting stages, significantly the highest and lowest fresh and dry weight of hundred pods and seeds were recorded in GJS-3 and GS-1, respectively. Irrespective of varieties, significantly the highest fresh weight of hundred pods (53.32 g) and seeds (17.35 g) was recorded, when seeds harvested at H1 (One pod mature in plant). Significantly the highest (36.11 g and 10.04 g) and the lowest (22.36 g and 7.02 g) dry weight of hundred pods and seeds were recorded in H2 (Physiological maturity) and H1 (One pod mature in plant) harvesting stages, respectively. Fresh and dry weight of pods were decreased significantly with advance in maturity, while dry weight of seeds and pods were increased up to physiological maturity and then decreased.Abstract ii Irrespective of the harvesting stages, the moisture content in the seeds, 100 seed weight and electrical conductivity of seed leachates were increased gradually with increased in storage period, while germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight, seedling vigour index (I and II) and oil content were decreased gradually with increased in storage period. At the time of storage, the moisture content recorded the highest (7.51 %) in GJS-3 and after six months of storage, the moisture content, on an average, increased to 0.4 per cent and it was noted the maximum (7.95 %) in GJS-3. More or less the same results were observed for 100 seed weight and EC of seed leachates. Germination was recorded the highest (89.28 %) in GJS-3 at the time of storage, but after six months of storage, germination was noted the maximum (73.75 %) in GJS-3 and that is in decreasing order. Seedling vigour index (I and II) were recorded significantly the highest (1778.45 and 30094.93) in GJS-3 at the time of storage and after six months of storage, they were noted the maximum (1192.54 and 14134.19) in GJS-3. For the remaining traits like, 100 seed weight (9.29 g), root length (9.06 cm), shoot length (10.86 cm), seedling length (19.92 cm), seedling fresh weight (3274.17 mg) and seedling dry weight (336.67 mg), oil content (20.30 %) were recorded maximum in GJS-3 and electrical conductivity of seed leachates (0.810 dS/m) in GS-2 recorded the maximum values at the end of six months storage. Irrespective of varieties, at the time of storage, the maximum moisture content (7.58 %) was noted in H1 (One pod mature in plant) harvesting stage. After six months of storage, the moisture content, on an average, increased to 0.4 per cent and it was recorded significantly the maximum (7.98 %) in the same stage. Irrespective of varieties, at the time of storage, significantly the maximum germination (95.02 %), 100 seed weight (10.68 g), root length (6.87 cm), shoot length (7.91 cm), seedling length (14.78 cm), seedling fresh weight (1873.33 mg), seedling dry weight (174.87 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1141.46) and seedling vigour index-II (13505.21) were recorded maximum in the seeds harvested at H2 (Physiological maturity) stage. After six months of storage, same trend was observed, as significantly the maximum performance for different traits were recorded in the seeds harvested at H2 (Physiological maturity) stage. Overall, looking to the seed quality, it could be suggested that for getting the good quality of soybean seed, soybean seed should be harvested at the H2 (Physiological maturity) harvesting stage, as the seeds harvested at H2 (Physiological maturity) recorded the maximum germination percentage (77.23 %) even after six months of storage with good vigour. Deterioration of seed quality was observed over a period of time in soybean seeds stored under ambient storage condition
Open Access
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SEED PRIMING TREATMENTS ON SEED YIELD AND ITS QUALITY IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) 2875
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-07) PIPROTAR PRATIK VIJAYBHAI; C. A. Babariya
The experiment entitled “Effect of different seed priming treatments on seed yield and its quality in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)” was carried out in Sagdividi Farm, Department of Seed Science and Technology during kharif-2018 and laboratory experiment at Seed Testing Laboratory, Department of Seed Science and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The field experiment was conducted in FRBD with three replications. There were two genotypes viz., GG-20 and GJG-22 and nine priming treatments viz., untreated seed (control), water, KH2PO4 (1%), CaCl2 (1%), KCl (1%), Boron (0.5%), GA3 (25 ppm), MnSO4 (0.5%) and KNO3 (1%) for 6 hours priming followed by shade drying. The observations on different plant characteristics such as field emergence percentage, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, days to maturity, number of mature pods per plant, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare, harvest index and laboratory observations such as 100 seed weight, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II and electrical conductivity were recorded. All the field observations were recorded under the sun light in three replications. Plant height, number of mature pods per plant and seed yield per plant were observed from five tagged plants. GJG-22 genotype took lower days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity as compared to GG-20 genotype. Plots having seed primed with CaCl2 (1%) recorded earlier flowering and days to maturity which was at par with seed primed with KCl (1%) and KH2PO4 (1%). GJG-22 genotype showed significantly the highest field emergence percentage, plant height, number of mature pods per plant, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare and harvest index over genotype GG-20. Plots having seed primed with CaCl2 (1%) significantly showed highest field emergence percentage, plant height, number of mature pods per plant, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare and harvest index which was at par with seed primed with KCl (1%) and KH2PO4 (1%). The genotype GJG-22 primed with CaCl2 (1%) was non-significantly highest in field emergence percentage, plant height, number of mature pods per plant, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare and harvest index; while non-significantly lowest in days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity.Abstract In seed quality characters seeds of genotype GJG-22 was better in 100 seed weight, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II and electrical conductivity than seeds of genotype GG-20. Seed primed with CaCl2 (1%) was better in 100 seed weight, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II and electrical conductivity. The higher seed quality characters noticed in CaCl2 primed seeds might due to the role of calcium in membrane stabilization and act as an enzyme cofactor. Seeds of genotype GJG-22 primed with CaCl2 (1%) was better in root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II and electrical conductivity. While its non-significant effect on 100 seed weight and germination percentage. It was observed that seed priming has a positive effect on the sowing quality of groundnut seeds, as well as performance, leading to higher yield. Seed priming with CaCl2 (1%) followed by KCl (1%) and KH2PO4 (1%) for 6 hours followed by shade drying recorded higher values for growth and seed yield characters, while seed priming with CaCl2 (1%) which recorded higher value for quality characters as compared to other priming treatments. The increase in the seed yield by CaCl2 (1%) followed by KCl (1%) and KH2PO4 (1%) were mainly due to increase in field emergence percentage and number of pods per plant. The increases in growth, seed yield and quality characters due to the activities of numerous enzymes, enhanced metabolic activity, presence of growth promoters, make available high energy biomolecules, improved mobilization of nutrient and more food reserve materials in seeds. It is concluded that the seeds of groundnut primed with the CaCl2 (1%) for better field emergence percentage, successful establishment of seedlings and also to get better pod yield and quality of groundnut crop.
Open Access
CHARACTERIZATION OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) GENOTYPES THROUGH PLANT MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND BIOCHEMICAL TESTS
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-07) Chauhan Kinnary Premjibhai; Dr. C. A. Babariya
An experiment was carried out at the Sagdividi Farm, Department of Seed Science and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, to characterize thirty wheat genotypes based on morphological characters (plant, seed and seedling) and chemical tests. Thirty wheat genotypes were grouped into different groups based on 24 plant morphological characters, 7 seed morphological characters, 4 seedling characters and 4 chemical tests. The genotypes were grouped based on the plant growth habit into two groups viz., erect (19 genotypes) and semi-erect (11 genotypes) types. While, based on the plant foliage colour, the genotypes were grouped into dark green (18 genotypes) and green (12 genotypes) coloured. Based on the variation in plant height excluding awns, the genotypes were grouped as very short (10 genotypes), short (17 genotypes) and medium (3 genotypes). Based on the plant waxiness, the genotypes did not differentiated. In all the 30 genotypes, plant waxiness was present. Based on the plant flag leaf attitude, the genotypes were grouped into erect (4 genotypes), semi-erect (11 genotypes) and recurved (15 genotypes) types. Flag leaf anthocyanin colouration of auricles was present in 1 genotype and absent in 29 genotypes. Based on flag leaf hairs on auricle, the genotypes were grouped as presence (10 genotypes) and absence (20 genotypes) types. Based on the flag leaf length, the genotypes were grouped into three groups as short (3 genotypes), medium (21 genotypes) and long (6 genotypes) types. Based on the flag leaf width, the genotypes were grouped as narrow (12 genotypes) and medium (18 genotypes) types. Based on the flag leaf waxiness of sheath, genotypes were categorized into three groups viz., strong (15 genotypes), medium (13 genotypes) and weak (2 genotypes). Based on the flag leaf waxiness of blade, the genotypes were grouped into strong (4 genotypes), medium (9 genotypes), weak (9 genotypes) and very weak (8 genotypes). Based on the days to ear emergence, the genotypes were grouped into very early (2 genotypes), early (18 genotypes) and medium (10 genotypes). Ear length varied among the genotypes and was grouped into short (18 genotypes) and medium (12 genotypes). Based on ear waxiness, genotypes were grouped as strong (8 genotypes), medium (12 genotypes), weak (8 genotypes) and very weak (2 genotypes) types. Based on the ear colour, genotypes were grouped as dull white (17 genotypes), light brown (11 genotypes) and dark brown (2 genotypes) types. Based on the ear shape in profile, the genotypes were grouped into tapering (20 genotypes) and parallel (10 genotypes) types. The genotypes were categorized based on the ear density into dense (15 genotypes), medium (11 genotypes) and lax (4 genotypes) types. All the 30 genotypes possessed awns. The genotypes were grouped based on the awn colour into three groups namely dull white (17 genotypes), light brown (11 genotypes) and dark brown (2 genotypes) colour types. Based on the awns attitude, genotypes were grouped into medium (23 genotypes) and spreading (7 genotypes). Based on awn length, the genotypes were categorized into short (14 genotypes), medium (14 genotypes) and long (2 genotypes). The genotypes were classified on the basis of peduncle waxiness into three groups viz., strong (15 genotypes), medium (12 genotypes) and weak (3 genotypes) waxiness types. Based on the peduncle attitude, the genotypes were grouped into straight (19 genotypes), bent (8 genotypes) and crooked (3 genotypes) attitude types. Based on the variation in peduncle length, genotypes were categorized as short (17 genotypes) and medium (13 genotypes). Based on the seed colour, all the 30 genotypes were having amber colour seed. On the basis of seed shape, genotypes were classified into ovate (12 genotypes), oblong (14 genotypes), elliptical (2 genotypes) and round (2 genotypes). On the basis of seed size, genotypes were grouped into medium seed size (5 genotypes), bold seed size (17 genotypes) and very bold seed size (8 genotypes). On the basis of seed hardness, genotypes were grouped into hard (20 genotypes) and semi-hard (10 genotypes). Based on the seed germ width, genotypes were grouped into medium (20 genotypes), wide (6 genotypes) and narrow (4 genotypes) seed germ width types. The genotypes were grouped based on the seed crease into three groups, as medium (14 genotypes), shallow (13 genotypes) and deep (3 genotypes) seed crease types. Based on the brush hair length, genotypes were grouped as short (18 genotypes), medium (9 genotypes) and long (3 genotypes) brush hair length types. Coleoptile anthocyanin colouration was absent in all the tested genotypes. Seedling length varied significantly among the thirty genotypes. Based on the seedling vigour index, genotypes were grouped into low group types. The seeds were subjected to phenol, peroxidase, NaOH and KOH test for differentiating the genotypes. Based on the seed colouration with phenol, genotypes were grouped into dark brown (12 genotypes), light brown (11 genotypes) and brown (7 genotypes) in colour. Based on the colour of the solution due to peroxidase activity, genotypes were grouped into four categories viz., brown (15 genotypes), light brown (9 genotypes), no change (4 genotypes) and dark brown (2 genotypes) coloured types. The KOH and NaOH test did not differentiate any wheat genotypes studied. The assessment of genetic purity is an important criterion in seed production programme. Therefore, simple and reliable techniques need to be developed for genetic purity assessment and genotype characterization. The identified morphological characteristics of wheat genotypes could be utilized in DUS testing, seed production programme and genetic purity testing. The results of chemical tests are useful in identifying and grouping of wheat genotypes and also in genetic purity testing.
Open Access
CHARACTERIZATION OF URDBEAN (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) GENOTYPES THROUGH MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS, CHEMICAL TESTS AND QUALITY PARAMETERS
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-07) AJAY KUMAR RAWAT; Dr. L. K. SHARMA
An experiment was carried out at the Pulses Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, to characterize thirty urdbean genotypes based on morphological characters (plant, seed and seedling) and chemical tests. Thirty urdbean genotypes were grouped into different groups based on 28 plant morphological characters, 4 seed morphological characters, 8 seedling characters and 3 chemical tests. The genotypes were grouped based on 50 per cent flowering, the genotypes were grouped into early (13 genotypes), medium (16 genotypes) and late (1 genotype) types. For plant height, all the thirty genotypes were tall. Based on plant habit, genotypes were grouped into semi-determinate (4 genotypes) and determinate (26 genotypes) types. Based on growth habit, genotypes were grouped into erect (11 genotypes), semi erect (17 genotypes) and spreading (1 genotype) types. Based on number of branches per plant, genotypes were grouped into medium (29 genotypes) and high (1 genotype) types. Based on twining habit, the genotypes were grouped into non-viny (26 genotypes) and viny (4 genotypes) types. Based on petiole color, the genotypes were grouped into green (1 genotype), green with purple splashes (26 genotypes) and purple (3 genotypes) types. Based on petiole length, 30 genotypes under study were grouped into medium (28 genotypes) and long (2 genotypes) types. Based on petiole hairiness, the genotypes were grouped into absent (1 genotype), sparse (19 genotypes) and dense (10 genotypes) types. Based on length of peduncle, 30 genotypes under study were grouped into short (6 genotypes) and medium (24 genotypes) types. Based on days to maturity, genotypes were grouped into early (22 genotypes) and medium (8 genotypes) types. For stem color, all the thirty genotypes had green with purple splashes on stem. Based on stem pubescence, the genotypes were grouped into present (14 genotypes) and absent (16genotypes) types. Based on shape of terminal leaf, the genotypes were grouped into cuneate (2 genotypes), lanceolate (26 genotypes) and ovate (2 genotypes) types. Based on leaf color, the genotypes were grouped into light green (4 genotypes) and green (26 genotypes) types. Based on vein color, the genotypes were grouped into green (28 genotypes) and purple (2 genotypes) types. Based on leaf pubescence, the genotypes were grouped into absent (5 genotypes) and present (25 genotypes) types. Based on leaf size, the genotypes were grouped into large (3 genotypes) and medium (27 genotypes) types. Name of student Major Guide AJAY KUMAR RAWAT Dr. L. K. SHARMAThe genotypes were grouped based on mature pod color into black (11 genotypes) and brown (19 genotypes) types. Based on pubescence on pod, the genotypes were grouped into absent (5 genotypes) and present (25 genotypes) types. Based on the mature pod length, genotypes were grouped into long (30 genotypes) type. Based on mature pod shape, genotypes were grouped into semi flat (9 genotypes) and round (21 genotypes) types. Based on mature pod constriction, genotypes were grouped into medium (5 genotypes) and least (25 genotypes) types. Based on mature pod curvature, the genotypes did not differentiate. In all the 30 genotypes the mature pod curvature was absent. Based on the variations in colour of seed, the genotypes were grouped into black (18 genotypes) and black brown (12 genotypes) types. Based on seed coat lusture, genotypes were grouped into shiny (3 genotypes) and dull (27 genotypes) types. Based on seed shape, genotypes were grouped into drum (8 genotypes) and globose (22 genotypes) types. Hundred seed weight varied significantly among the genotypes. Hundred seed weight ranged from 3.99 g (Pant U 31) to 5.5 g (GJU 1509) with a mean of 4.82 g. Based on seed size, genotypes were grouped into medium (5 genotypes) and large (25 genotypes) types. Seed yield per plant varied significantly among the genotypes. Seed yield per plant ranged from 5.94 g (IC 14691) to 17.01 g (Vamban 8) with a mean of 11.39 g. Based on seedling pubescence, the genotypes did not differentiated. In all the 30 genotypes the seedling pubescence was absent. Based on anthocyanin color on hypocotyl, genotypes were grouped into present (1 genotype) and absent (29 genotype) types. Among 30 genotypes, seedling vigour index I was high in all thirty genotypes The seeds were subjected to NaOH bleach test, KOH test and growth response test for differentiating the genotypes. The genotypes were grouped based on Potassium Hydroxide bleach test into orange color (26 genotypes) and dark orange red color (4 genotypes) types. Based on Sodium Hydroxide test, the genotypes were grouped into orange color (19 genotypes) and dark orange red color (11 genotypes) types. Based on growth response test, the genotypes were grouped into very low (4 genotypes), low (5 genotypes), medium (3 genotypes) and high (18 genotypes) types. The assessment of genetic purity is an important criterion in seed production programme. Therefore, simple and reliable techniques need to be developed for genetic purity assessment and genotype characterization. The identified morphological characteristics of urdbean genotypes could be utilized in DUS testing, seed production programme and genetic purity testing. The results of chemical tests are useful in identifying and grouping of urdbean genotypes and also in genetic purity testing.

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