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Open Access
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SEED PRIMING TREATMENTS ON SEED YIELD AND ITS QUALITY IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) 2875
(jau,junagdh, 2019-07) Piprotar Pratik Vijaybhai; Dr. C. A. Babariya
The experiment entitled “Effect of different seed priming treatments on seed yield and its quality in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)” was carried out in Sagdividi Farm, Department of Seed Science and Technology during kharif-2018 and laboratory experiment at Seed Testing Laboratory, Department of Seed Science and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The field experiment was conducted in FRBD with three replications. There were two genotypes viz., GG-20 and GJG-22 and nine priming treatments viz., untreated seed (control), water, KH2PO4 (1%), CaCl2 (1%), KCl (1%), Boron (0.5%), GA3 (25 ppm), MnSO4 (0.5%) and KNO3 (1%) for 6 hours priming followed by shade drying. The observations on different plant characteristics such as field emergence percentage, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, days to maturity, number of mature pods per plant, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare, harvest index and laboratory observations such as 100 seed weight, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II and electrical conductivity were recorded. All the field observations were recorded under the sun light in three replications. Plant height, number of mature pods per plant and seed yield per plant were observed from five tagged plants. GJG-22 genotype took lower days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity as compared to GG-20 genotype. Plots having seed primed with CaCl2 (1%) recorded earlier flowering and days to maturity which was at par with seed primed with KCl (1%) and KH2PO4 (1%). GJG-22 genotype showed significantly the highest field emergence percentage, plant height, number of mature pods per plant, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare and harvest index over genotype GG-20. Plots having seed primed with CaCl2 (1%) significantly showed highest field emergence percentage, plant height, number of mature pods per plant, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare and harvest index which was at par with seed primed with KCl (1%) and KH2PO4 (1%). The genotype GJG-22 primed with CaCl2 (1%) was non-significantly highest in field emergence percentage, plant height, number of mature pods per plant, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare and harvest index; while non-significantly lowest in days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity. Abstract In seed quality characters seeds of genotype GJG-22 was better in 100 seed weight, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II and electrical conductivity than seeds of genotype GG-20. Seed primed with CaCl2 (1%) was better in 100 seed weight, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II and electrical conductivity. The higher seed quality characters noticed in CaCl2 primed seeds might due to the role of calcium in membrane stabilization and act as an enzyme cofactor. Seeds of genotype GJG-22 primed with CaCl2 (1%) was better in root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II and electrical conductivity. While its non-significant effect on 100 seed weight and germination percentage. It was observed that seed priming has a positive effect on the sowing quality of groundnut seeds, as well as performance, leading to higher yield. Seed priming with CaCl2 (1%) followed by KCl (1%) and KH2PO4 (1%) for 6 hours followed by shade drying recorded higher values for growth and seed yield characters, while seed priming with CaCl2 (1%) which recorded higher value for quality characters as compared to other priming treatments. The increase in the seed yield by CaCl2 (1%) followed by KCl (1%) and KH2PO4 (1%) were mainly due to increase in field emergence percentage and number of pods per plant. The increases in growth, seed yield and quality characters due to the activities of numerous enzymes, enhanced metabolic activity, presence of growth promoters, make available high energy biomolecules, improved mobilization of nutrient and more food reserve materials in seeds. It is concluded that the seeds of groundnut primed with the CaCl2 (1%) for better field emergence percentage, successful establishment of seedlings and also to get better pod yield and quality of groundnut crop
Open Access
CHARACTERIZATION OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) GENOTYPES THROUGH PLANT MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND BIOCHEMICAL TESTS 2858
(jau,junagdh, 2019-07) Chauhan Kinnary Premjibhai; Dr. C. A. Babariya
An experiment was carried out at the Sagdividi Farm, Department of Seed Science and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, to characterize thirty wheat genotypes based on morphological characters (plant, seed and seedling) and chemical tests. Thirty wheat genotypes were grouped into different groups based on 24 plant morphological characters, 7 seed morphological characters, 4 seedling characters and 4 chemical tests. The genotypes were grouped based on the plant growth habit into two groups viz., erect (19 genotypes) and semi-erect (11 genotypes) types. While, based on the plant foliage colour, the genotypes were grouped into dark green (18 genotypes) and green (12 genotypes) coloured. Based on the variation in plant height excluding awns, the genotypes were grouped as very short (10 genotypes), short (17 genotypes) and medium (3 genotypes). Based on the plant waxiness, the genotypes did not differentiated. In all the 30 genotypes, plant waxiness was present. Based on the plant flag leaf attitude, the genotypes were grouped into erect (4 genotypes), semi-erect (11 genotypes) and recurved (15 genotypes) types. Flag leaf anthocyanin colouration of auricles was present in 1 genotype and absent in 29 genotypes. Based on flag leaf hairs on auricle, the genotypes were grouped as presence (10 genotypes) and absence (20 genotypes) types. Based on the flag leaf length, the genotypes were grouped into three groups as short (3 genotypes), medium (21 genotypes) and long (6 genotypes) types. Based on the flag leaf width, the genotypes were grouped as narrow (12 genotypes) and medium (18 genotypes) types. Based on the flag leaf waxiness of sheath, genotypes were categorized into three groups viz., strong (15 genotypes), medium (13 genotypes) and weak (2 genotypes). Based on the flag leaf waxiness of blade, the genotypes were grouped into strong (4 genotypes), medium (9 genotypes), weak (9 genotypes) and very weak (8 genotypes). Based on the days to ear emergence, the genotypes were grouped into very early (2 genotypes), early (18 genotypes) and medium (10 genotypes). Ear length varied among the genotypes and was grouped into short (18 genotypes) and medium (12 genotypes). Based on ear waxiness, genotypes were grouped as strong (8 genotypes), medium (12 genotypes), weak (8 genotypes) and very weak (2 genotypes) types. Based on the ear colour, genotypes were grouped as dull white (17 genotypes), light brown (11 genotypes) and dark brown (2 genotypes) types. Based on the ear shape in profile, the genotypes were grouped into tapering (20 genotypes) and parallel (10 genotypes) types. The genotypes were categorized based on the ear density into dense (15 genotypes), medium (11 genotypes) and lax (4 genotypes) types. All the 30 genotypes possessed awns. The genotypes were grouped based on the awn colour into three groups namely dull white (17 genotypes), light brown (11 genotypes) and dark brown (2 genotypes) colour types. Based on the awns attitude, genotypes were grouped into medium (23 genotypes) and spreading (7 genotypes). Based on awn length, the genotypes were categorized into short (14 genotypes), medium (14 genotypes) and long (2 genotypes). The genotypes were classified on the basis of peduncle waxiness into three groups viz., strong (15 genotypes), medium (12 genotypes) and weak (3 genotypes) waxiness types. Based on the peduncle attitude, the genotypes were grouped into straight (19 genotypes), bent (8 genotypes) and crooked (3 genotypes) attitude types. Based on the variation in peduncle length, genotypes were categorized as short (17 genotypes) and medium (13 genotypes). Based on the seed colour, all the 30 genotypes were having amber colour seed. On the basis of seed shape, genotypes were classified into ovate (12 genotypes), oblong (14 genotypes), elliptical (2 genotypes) and round (2 genotypes). On the basis of seed size, genotypes were grouped into medium seed size (5 genotypes), bold seed size (17 genotypes) and very bold seed size (8 genotypes). On the basis of seed hardness, genotypes were grouped into hard (20 genotypes) and semi-hard (10 genotypes). Based on the seed germ width, genotypes were grouped into medium (20 genotypes), wide (6 genotypes) and narrow (4 genotypes) seed germ width types. The genotypes were grouped based on the seed crease into three groups, as medium (14 genotypes), shallow (13 genotypes) and deep (3 genotypes) seed crease types. Based on the brush hair length, genotypes were grouped as short (18 genotypes), medium (9 genotypes) and long (3 genotypes) brush hair length types. Coleoptile anthocyanin colouration was absent in all the tested genotypes. Seedling length varied significantly among the thirty genotypes. Based on the seedling vigour index, genotypes were grouped into low group types. The seeds were subjected to phenol, peroxidase, NaOH and KOH test for differentiating the genotypes. Based on the seed colouration with phenol, genotypes were grouped into dark brown (12 genotypes), light brown (11 genotypes) and brown (7 genotypes) in colour. Based on the colour of the solution due to peroxidase activity, genotypes were grouped into four categories viz., brown (15 genotypes), light brown (9 genotypes), no change (4 genotypes) and dark brown (2 genotypes) coloured types. The KOH and NaOH test did not differentiate any wheat genotypes studied. The assessment of genetic purity is an important criterion in seed production programme. Therefore, simple and reliable techniques need to be developed for genetic purity assessment and genotype characterization. The identified morphological characteristics of wheat genotypes could be utilized in DUS testing, seed production programme and genetic purity testing. The results of chemical tests are useful in identifying and grouping of wheat genotypes and also in genetic purity testing. COLLEGE
Open Access
EFFECT OF CONTAINERS AND SEED TREATMENTS ON STORABILITY OF CUMIN SEED (Cuminum cyminum L.) 2380
(JAU,JUNAGADH, 2017-07) Mr. Thumar Divyesh Pravinbhai; Dr. C. A. Babariya
Key words: Germination, cumin, seed health, seed treatments, seed storage containers and seed vigour A laboratory experiment was conducted in Factorial Completely Randomized Design with three repetitions in the Laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh from 20th May 2016 to 20th January 2017, to study the “Effect of containers and seed treatments on storability of cumin seed (Cuminum cyminum L.)” during two storage periods (150 and 250 days of storage). The fresh seeds of cumin variety viz., GC 4 obtained from Agricultural Research Station, Halvad, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh were treated with Carbendazim, Mencozeb, Neem Cake, Thiram, Silica gel, Calcium Chloride, Quinalphos, Tebuconazole, Silica gel with Calcium Chloride and Tebuconazole and untreated seed (control) were stored in moisture vapour proof high density laminated polyvinyl bag, polyvinyl bag (700 gauge), aluminum foil laminated bag, plastic linted jute bag, polyvinyl bag packing with vaccum and cloth bag (control) in laboratory under ambient conditions. At 150 and 250 days of storage periods, the seed moisture per cent, germination percentage, first count of seed germination, speed of germination, shoot length of seedling (cm), root length of seedling (cm), seedling length (cm), seedlings fresh weight (g), seedlings dry weight (g), strong seedlings, weak seedlings, seed vigour index (length based), seed vigour index (mass based), test weight (g) and drugstore beetles and cigarette beetle infestation (%) were determined. The results of present investigation revealed that among the seed treatments, silica gel helped to maintain the higher germination per cent, strong seedling, lower weak seedling, seed vigour index (length) and test weight. Seed treatment with thiram helped to maintain the highest speed of germination, shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight, dry weight, seed vigour index (mass) and drugstore beetles and cigarette beetle infestation. In case of seed containers, Polyvinyl bag packing with vaccum seed container was found superior than rest of other containers by recording lowest moisture content, higher germination percentage, first count of seed germination, root length of seedling, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, strong seedlings, seed vigour index (length), seed vigour index (mass) and lowest test weight, while seeds stored in aluminum foil laminated bag recorded significantly highest speed of germination, lowest weak seedling and seeds stored in moisture vapour proof high density laminated polyvinyl bag recorded the highest shoot length. In case of storage study, it was observed that most of the seed quality parameters i.e. test weight, seed moisture per cent, weak seedlings and drugstore beetles and cigarette beetle infestation per cent increased with further increase in the storage periods, while germination percentage, first count, speed of germination, root length and shoot length of seedlings, seedling length, strong seedlings, seedlings fresh weight, seedlings dry weight, seed vigour index (mass based) and seed vigour index (length based) decreased with increase in storage periods. Seeds stored in polyvinyl bag packing with vaccum and treated with silica gel maintained lowest seed moisture per cent, highest germination per cent, first count, strong seedling, seed vigour index (length) and test weight. While seeds stored in polyvinyl bag packing with vaccum treated with thiram have the highest root length (cm), seedling fresh weight, highest seedling dry weight, highest seed vigour index (mass) and lowest drugstore beetles and cigarette beetle infestation. Seeds stored in aluminum foil laminated bag treated with silica gel maintained the lowest weak seedling. Seeds stored in aluminum foil laminated bag treated with thiram maintained the highest speed of germination. While seeds stored in moisture vapour proof high density laminated polyvinyl bag treated with thiram maintained the highest shoot length (cm). Thus, from the results of the present study, it seems quite logical to note that the seeds of GC 4 treated with thiram, silica gel and stored in aluminum foil laminated bag and polyvinyl bag packing with vaccum for packaging of cumin seeds appeared suitable for maintaining seed quality.
Open Access
EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON SEED YIELD AND ITS PARLAMETERS IN BRIJAL
(JAU,JUNAGADH, 2016-06) VAJA ARPANA D.; J.B. PATEL
Open Access
CHARACTERIZATION OF WHEAT (Triticum spp.) VARIETIES THROUGH SEED, SEEDLING AND PLANT MORPHOLOGY AND CHEMICAL TESTS
(jau,junagdh, 2015-06) UKANI JATINKUMAR DHIRAJLAL; Dr. J. B. PATEL
An experiment was carried out at the Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, to characterize 28 wheat varieties of different species (17 of Triticum aestivum, 9 of Triticum durum and 2 of Triticum dicoccum) released for general cultivation in Gujarat at state level as well as at the National level in Central India based on the morphological characters (seed, plant and seedling) and chemical tests. Twenty eight wheat varieties were grouped into different groups based on 7 seed morphological characters, 24 plant characters, 4 seedling characters and 4 chemical tests. Based on the seed colour, the varieties were grouped into amber (25), white (1) and red (2). On the basis of seed shape, wheat varieties were separated into round (2) ovate (7), oblong (12) and elliptical (7). On the basis of seed size, varieties were grouped into medium seed size (5), bold seed size (15) and very bold seed size (8). On the basis of seed hardness, varieties were grouped into soft (1), semi-hard (7) and hard (20). Based on the seed germ width, varieties were grouped into medium (15), wide (9) and narrow (4) seed germ width types. The varieties were grouped based on the seed crease into three groups, as medium (11), shallow (12) and deep (5) grain crease types. Based on the brush hair length, wheat varieties were grouped as short (17), medium (7) and long (4) brush hair length types. The varieties were grouped based on the plant growth habit into three groups viz., erect (8), semi-erect (17), intermediate (2) and semi-spreading (1) types, while based on the plant foliage colour, the varieties were grouped into light green (5), green (18) and dark green (5). Based on the variation in the plant height excluding awns, 7 varieties were grouped as very short, 19 as short and 2 as medium. All the varieties studied were having plant waxiness except DDK 1025 and DDK 1029. Plant flag leaf attitude was erect, semi erect, semi curved and recurved in 8, 13, 2 and 5 varieties, respectively. Flag leaf anthocyanin colouration of auricles was present in 6 varieties and absent in 22 varieties. Based on flag leaf hairs on auricle, the varieties were grouped as presence (12) and absence (16) types. Based on the flag leaf length, the varieties were grouped into three groups as short (1), medium (15) and long (12). Based on the flag leaf width, the varieties were grouped as narrow (16) and medium (12). The wheat varieties were grouped based on flag leaf waxiness of sheath into four categories namely very weak (2), weak (4), medium (13) and strong (9). Based on the flag leaf waxiness of blade, varieties were grouped into very weak (11), weak (6), medium (9) and strong (2). Based on the days to ear emergence, the varieties were grouped into very early (4), early (11), medium (10) and late (3). Ear length varied among the varieties and was grouped into short (9) and medium (19). Based on ear waxiness, varieties were grouped as very weak (8), weak (7), medium (7) and strong (6) types. Based on the ear colour, varieties were grouped as dull white (26) and light brown (2) types. Based on the ear shape in profile, the varieties were grouped into tapering (13), parallel sided (13) and club shaped (2). The varieties were categorized based on the ear density into lax (2), medium (10), dense (10) and very dense (6) types. All the varieties were having awns. The varieties were grouped based on the awn colour into three group namely dull white (24), light brown (2) and black (2) colour types. Based on the awns attitude, varieties were grouped into spreading (13), medium (8) and oppressed (7) types. Based on awn length, varieties were grouped into short (5), medium (7), long (6) and very long (10). The varieties were classified on the basis of peduncle waxiness into four groups viz., very weak (5), weak (3), medium (9) and strong (11) waxiness types. Based on the peduncle attitude, all twenty eight varieties were grouped into straight (16), bent (9) and crooked (3) attitude types. Based on variation in the peduncle length, varieties were grouped into two categories as short (19) and medium (9) varieties. Coleoptile anthocyanin colouration was absent in all the tested varieties. Seedling length varied significantly among the twenty eight varieties. Based on seedling vigour index, varieties were categorized into low group types. The seeds were subjected to phenol, peroxidase, NaOH and KOH test for differentiating the varieties. Based on the seed colouration with phenol, varieties were grouped into absent (6), light brown (9), brown (5) and dark brown (8) in colour. Based on the colour of the solution due to peroxidase activity, varieties were grouped into four categories viz., absent (4), light brown (11), brown (8), and dark brown (5) coloured types. Based on the colour of the seed coat due to NaOH solution, the varieties were grouped into straw coloured (26) and orange (2) in colour reaction. However, the KOH test did not differentiate any wheat varieties studied. All the varieties were negative (no colour to the solution) in response. The assessment of genetic purity is an important criterion in seed production programme. Therefore, simple and reliable techniques need to be developed for genetic purity assessment and varietal characterization. The identified morphological characteristics of wheat varieties could be utilized in DUS testing, seed production programme and genetic purity testing. The results of chemical tests are useful in identifying and grouping of wheat varieties and also in genetic purity testing.

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