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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF GA3 AND GROWING MEDIA ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF JAMUN (Syzygium cumini L.) cv. LOCAL 2930(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-08) PRADIP PARMAR; K. M. KarethaThe present investigation entitled “Effect of GA3 and growing media on germination and seedling growth of jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) cv. Local” was conducted at Fruit Research Station Lalbaug, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, JAU, Junagadh. The treatments comprised of different concentrations of GA3 (G1: Water soaked, G2: GA3 300 ppm, G3: GA3 400 ppm and G4: GA3 500 ppm) and different growing media [M1: Soil+ Cocopeat+ FYM (1:1:1), M2: Soil+ Cocopeat+ FYM (2:1:1), M3: Soil+ Cocopeat+ Vermicompost (1:1:1), M4: Soil+ Cocopeat+ Vermicompost (2:1:1)]. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with sixteen treatments combinations and three repetitions each. The treatment GA3 500 ppm (G4) had significant influence on different traits like minimum days required for seed germination (9.25) and maximum germination percentage (91.98%) of jamun. Among the different concentration of GA3, treatment GA3 500 ppm (G4) had significant influence on different traits like maximum number of leaves (5.55, 9.00, 10.23, 11.65 and 12.30), stem length of seedling (13.40 cm, 18.15 cm, 22.18 cm, 28.19 cm, and 35.43 cm) and stem girth of seedlings (1.90 mm, 2.09 mm, 2.41 mm, 2.81 mm and 3.31 mm) at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 DAS respectively. Treatment GA3 500 ppm (G4) recorded the maximum root length (11.95 cm), seedling height (67.79 cm), fresh weight of shoot (15.76 g), dry weight of shoot (4.56 g), fresh weight of root (5.53 g), dry weight of root (2.55 g), root-shoot fresh weight ratio (0.59), root-shoot dry weight ratio (0.55), leaf area (13.20 cm 2 ) and maximum survival percentage (78.66%) of jamun. The media consisting of M3 i.e., Soil+ Cocopeat+ Vermicompost (1:1:1) had significant influence on different traits like minimum days required to seed germination (13.17 days) and it was at par with the treatment M4 (13.33) and maximum germination percentage (78.41%) of in the specific cultivar of jamun. The media M3 [Soil+ Cocopeat+ Vermicompost (1:1:1)] had significantly positive influence on different traits like number of leaves (5.28, 8.50, 9.44, 10.52 and 11.73), stem length (12.03 cm, 16.79 cm, 20.70 cm, 26.72 cm and 33.73 cm) and maximum stem girth of seedlings (1.78 mm, 2.05 mm, 2.37 mm, 2.76 mm and 3.26) at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 DAS respectively of seedling. The M3 [Soil+ Cocopeat+ Vermicompost (1:1:1)] also recorded the maximum root length (30.57 cm), seedling height (64.30 cm), fresh weight of shoot (13.32 g), dry weight of shoot (3.85 g), fresh weight of root (4.47 g), dry weight of root (1.83 g), root-shoot fresh weight ratio (0.64), root-shoot dry weight ratio (0.47), leaf area (13.15 cm 2 ) and maximum survival percentage (75.99%) of jamun seedling. Among the interaction effect of GA3 concentrations and medias, treatment combination of GA3 500 ppm with Soil+ Cocopeat+ Vermicompost (1:1:1) was found to be better with respect to minimum days required to germination (7.67) and the maximum germination percentage which was observed in G4M3 (93.90%). This treatment also recorded the maximum number of leaves (6.33, 9.41, 11.35, 12.58 and 13.58), stem length of (14.39 cm, 19.39 cm, 23.42 cm, 29.47 cm and 36.54 cm) and maximum stem girth of (2.02 mm, 2.26 mm, 2.66 mm, 3.06 mm and 3.56 mm) at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 DAS respectively in seedling. Similarly, maximum seedling height (70.09 cm), fresh weight of shoot (16.26 g), dry weight of shoot (5.04 g), fresh weight of root (6.04 g), dry weight of root (3.05 g), root-shoot dry weight ratio (0.60), leaf area (13.59 cm2 ) and maximum survival percentage (84.44%) of jamun cv. Local was recorded in the treatment combination of G4M3. Hence from the research concluded for enhancing seed germination and seedling growth of jamun cv. Local, GA3 (500 ppm) and Soil+ Cocopeat+ Vermicompost (1:1:1) alone or in combination could be advisedThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF PGR AND CHEMICALS ON FRUIT SET, YIELD, QUALITY AND SHELF-LIFE OF CUSTARD APPLE (Annona squamosa L.) CV. SINDHAN 2929(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-08) SOLANKI RUTUBEN DHIRUBHAI; M. V. RamdevputraThe present investigation entitled “Effect of application of PGR and chemicals on fruit set, yield, quality and shelf-life of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) cv. Sindhan” was carried out at Madhdi Baug Farm, Department of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, during the year 2018-2019. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept (FRBD) consisting three factors viz., GA3 spray (G1 50 ppm GA3, G2 100 ppm GA3 and G3 150 ppm GA3), CaCl2 spray (C1 1 % CaCl2, C2 1.5 % CaCl2 and C3 2 % CaCl2), boron spray (B1 0.2 % boron and B2 0.4 % boron) was considered as treatment and replicated thrice. The maximum no. of fruit/tree (96.33), fruit yield (16.98 kg/tree), pulp weight (70.81 g). Maximum, fruit length (8.00, 7.99, 7.97 and 7.94 cm), fruit diameter (8.08, 8.13, 8.15 and 8.12 cm), fruit volume (133.33, 130.67, 121.67 and 116.77 cm3 ), fruit weight (182.67, 178.07, 168.96 and 160.83 g), total sugar (7.43, 23.78, 24.34 and 24.17 %), reducing sugar (4.47, 18.83, 19.11 and 19.00 %), non reducing sugar (2.96, 4.95, 5.23 and 5.17 %) ascorbic acid (37.67, 34.00, 23.67 and 23.33 mg/100g pulp) at harvest, 2 nd, 4th and 6th day interval, respectively. Maximum total soluble solid (24.33, 27.36 and 26.67 ˚Brix) and minimum physiological loss in weight (2.52, 7.51 and 11.96 %) at 2 nd, 4th and 6th day interval, respectively minimum spoilage (20.00 and 33.33 %) maximum marketable fruit (80.00 and 66.67 %) 4 th and 6th day interval, respectively shelf life (6.67 days), appearance (8.00), flavour (8.42), taste (8.57) were recorded under the application of GA3 @ 50 ppm, CaCl2 @ 2 % and boron @ 0.2 % G1C3B1.While, maximum fruit set (17.33 %) noted under GA3 @ 50 ppm, CaCl2 @ 2 % and boron @ 0.4 % G1C3B2 and GA3 @ 100 ppm, CaCl2 @ 2 % and boron @ 0.2 % G2C3B1 application recorded minimum fruit drop (11.50 %). Here it can be concluded that among different PGR and chemicals pre harvest spray at the time of flowering, 30 days after first spray and 60 days after first spray of gibberellic acid 50 ppm, calcium chloride 2 % and boron 0.2 % found to be most effective for getting higher yield with superior quality fruits.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF TIME OF SOWING AND CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF CUSTARD APPLE (Annona squamosa L.) CV. SINDHAN 2845(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-07) DADHANIYA DISHABEN BHIKHUBHAI; D. R. KanzariaAn experiment was conducted at Lalbaug, Fruit Research Station, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh during the year of 2018 with a view to study the “Effect of time of sowing and chemical treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) cv. Sindhan”. The experiment laid out in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The treatments comprised of three different levels of time of sowing (S) viz., S1 - 15th April, S2 - 15th May; S3 - 15th June and seeds were treated with six different levels of chemicals (M) viz., M1 - Control, M2 - GA3 200 ppm soaking for 24 hours, M3 - Concentrated H2SO4 0.1% soaking for 2 minutes, M4 - Concentrated HCl 0.1% soaking for 2 minutes, M5 - Cow dung and Cow urine slurry (1:2 ratio) soaking for 24 hours and M6 - Hot water (50 to 60˚C) soaking for 24 hours. The results on the effect of time of sowing indicted that custard apple seed sowing at 15th April (S1) executed significantly the lowest days taken for germination (17.64 days) and maximum seedling vigour index - I (3779.31 cm). Growth parameters were also significantly influenced by S1 - 15th April. It was recorded significantly maximum height of seedling (20.2, 39.01 and 50.01 cm), stem girth (2.39, 3.20 and 4.10 mm) and number of leaves (5.26, 11.32 and 17.51) at 60, 90 and 120 DAS, respectively. Maximum shoot length (33.31 cm), longest root length (16.70 cm), number of roots (11.02) and fresh weight of shoot (5.90 g) at 120 DAS was observed in S1 - 15th April. The result on the effect of different chemical treatments indicated that the M2 - GA3 200 ppm soaking for 24 hours executed minimum days required for germination (16.48 days) and significantly maximum seedling vigour index- I (4774.02 cm). Growth parameters were also significantly influenced by M2 that maximum height of seedling (22.53, 45.00 and 53.82 cm), stem girth (2.48, 3.58 and 4.49 mm) and number of leaves (6.94, 12.90 and 19.10) at 60, 90 and 120 DAS respectively. Maximum shoot length (36.83 cm), root length (16.99 cm), number of roots (11.57) and fresh weight of shoot (6.55 g) at 120 DAS was observed in M2. Highest root: shoot ratio (0.25) was observed in M3. Interaction effect of time of sowing and chemical treatments was found significant on germination parameters. The maximum seed germination percentage (90.33 %), minimum seed germination span (22.13 days), significantly highest germination index (4.23) and significantly maximum vigour index - II (386.02 g) were observed in S1M2. Growth parameters were also significantly influenced by S1M2 treatment combinations. The maximum leaf area (13.03 cm2 ), fresh weight of root (1.60 g), dry weight of shoot (3.93 g), dry weight of root (0.29 g) and highest percentage of survival (89.00 %) were found with S1M2. Hence, to raise custard apple seed in net house, it should be sown on 15th April with soaking treatment in GA3 200 ppm for 24 hours to attain better seed germination and seedling growth of custard apple cv. Sindhan.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIATION, CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS IN BRINJAL (Solanum melongena L.) 2865(2019-07) Sakriya Shveta Gokalbhai; Dr. M. A. VaddoriaThe study was conducted to assess genetic variation, character association and path coefficient analysis in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) germplasm with a set of 180 genotypes and three checks in Augmented Randomized Block Design (ARBD) at Vegetable Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during late kharif 2017-18. The characters studied were days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), plant spread EW (cm), plant spread NS (cm), days to first picking, days to last picking, number of branches per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), fruit weight (g), number of fruits per plant, total soluble solids (0Brix) and fruit yield per plant (kg), shoot borer infestation (%), fruit borer infestation (%) and little leaf incidence (%). The analysis of variance revealed that mean square due to genotypes was significant for days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), plant spread EW (cm), plant spread NS (cm), days to first picking, number of branches per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), fruit weight (g), number of fruits per plant, total soluble solids (%) and fruit yield per plant (kg). A wide range of variation was observed for important yield components. Grouping of 180 genotypes with checks for fruit yield showed that among 183 genotypes evaluated, 5 were identified as higher fruit yielders; 159 had showed medium fruit yielding capacity and 19 genotypes were found as poor fruit yielders. In these case GP-127 was identified as the highest fruit yielder and the genotypes GP-196, GP-219, GP-25 and GP-126 had significantly higher fruit yield than better check GJLB-4. The genotypes GP-127, GP-219, GP-25, GP-196 and GP-94 were found to be more number of fruits per plant and the genotype GP-209 was found to have highest fruit weight. GP-81 and GP-178 were found to have longest fruit and maximum fruit girth, respectively. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters studied. Maximum phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for fruit yield per plant followed by number of fruits per plant. Plant height, fruit length, number of branches Major Guide Dr. M. A. Vaddoria Name of Student Sakriya Shveta Gokalbhai per plant and total soluble solid had high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean. Fruit yield per plant had significant and positive correlation with fruit length, plant height and number of fruits per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, while significant and positive correlation only at phenotypic level with fruit girth, fruit weight and total soluble solid. Considerable amount of very high and high direct effects on fruit yield per plant were noted through number of fruits per plant and fruit weight, respectively; while positive and significant indirect effects was observed on fruit yield per plant via number of fruits per plant, plant height and fruit length. On the basis of above studies, it can be concluded that the analysis of variance showed significant difference for most of the traits under study, indicated that there was scope for selection of promising genotypes from present germplasm for yield improvement. Due weightage should be given to fruit length, number of fruits per plant, plant height, fruit weight and fruit girth while imposing selection for genetic improvement of fruit yield in brinjal as there characters showed high to moderate heritability coupled with genetic gain and exerted strong association with desirable direct effects on fruit yield. The genotypes which had the highest value for the above mentioned characters can be further tested and utilized in the future breeding programme for development of high yielding varieties in brinjalThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY, CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS IN BRINJAL [Solanum melongena L.] 2863(jau,junagdh, 2019-07) Alpeshkumar Balas; Dr. L. L. JivaniThe present investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during late Kharif/Rabi 2018- 19 in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The experiment was conducted to assess genetic variability, character association and path coefficient analysis in brinjal. The experimental material comprised of thirty five genotypes and 5 check varieties. The characters studied were days to 50% flowering, days to first picking, days to last picking, number of pickings, fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), fruit weight (g), number of fruits per plant, number of branches per plant, plant height (cm), plant spread (cm), total fruit yield per plant (kg), total soluble solids (B◦) and fruit borer infestation (%). The analysis of variance revealed that mean sum of square due to genotype was highly significant for all fourteen characters studied. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for fruit borer infestation, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit length, number of branches per plant, plant height and total fruit yield per plant. Total fruit yield per plant has recorded positive and significant correlations with days to last picking, plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit length and plant spread. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of fruits per plant and fruit weight had high and positive direct effects on fruit yield per plant. On the basis of all the above studies, it can be concluded that due weightage should be given to number of fruits per plant and fruit weight while imposing selection for genetic improvement in brinjal.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF BIOSTIMULANTS AND MICRONUTRIENT GRADE ON GROWTH, FLOWER YIELD AND QUALITY OF ROSE CV. TOP SECRET UNDER PROTECTED CONDITION 2835(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-07) BARAD ROSHANIBEN GOVINDBHAI; K. M. KarethaThe present investigation on “Effect of biostimulants and micronutrient grade on growth, flower yield and quality of rose cv. Top Secret under protected condition” was carried out at Hi-tech Horticulture Park, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during the year 2018. The experiment laid out in Completely Randomized Design with factorial concept, consisting two factors with three replications and nine treatment combinations. The treatment comprised of three different levels of Biostimulants (B) viz., B1: Banana enrich sap 1% (10 ml/lit.), B2: Panchgavya 3% (30 ml/lit.), B3: Humic acid 0.2% (2 ml/lit.) and three different levels of Grade of Micronutrient IV (M) viz., M1: 0.5% grade-IV micronutrient formulation, M2: 1% grade-IV micronutrient formulation and M3: 1.5% grade-IV micronutrient formulation. Among the different level of Biostimulants (B), B2: Panchgavya 3% showed significantly maximum plant height (61.12 cm), plant spread N-S (22.71 cm), plant spread E-W (38.00 cm), number of branches per plant (5.29) and stem diameter (1.03 cm). Similar trend was also observed for the different levels of Grade of Micronutrient IV (M). M3: 1.5% grade-IV micronutrient formulation noted significantly maximum plant height (62.27 cm), plant spread N-S (22.89 cm), plant spread E-W (38.50 cm), number of branches per plant (5.28) and stem diameter (1.02 cm). In case of different levels of Biostimulants (B), B2: Panchgavya 3% showed significantly minimum days to first flower bud emergence (17.61 days) and days to first flower opening (25.83 days), maximum number of petals per flower (52.62), number of cut flowers per plant (14.83), number of cut flowers per sq.m. (58.83) and yield of cut flowers per ha (5.83 lakh/ha). Similar, trend was indicated for the different levels of Grade of Micronutrient IV (M). M3: 1.5% grade-IV micronutrient formulation noted significantly minimum days to first flower bud emergence (17.94), days to first flower opening (26.14), maximum number of petals per flower (52.63), number of cut flowers per plant (15.03), number of cut flowers per sq.m. (59.93) and yield of cut flowers per ha (5.93 lakh/ha). Among the different three levels of Biostimulants (B). B2: Panchgavya @ 3% showed significantly maximum length of bud (2.22 cm), diameter of bud (1.63 cm), diameter of flower (6.27 cm), vase life of cut flower (8.52 days), in situ longevity of flower (8.73 days), fresh weight of flower (11.08 g), dry weight of flower (3.57 g) and pedicle length of flower (24.77 cm). Similar trend was revealed for the different levels of Grade of Micronutrient IV (M). M3: 1.5% grade-IV micronutrient formulation noted significantly maximum length of bud (2.25 cm), diameter of bud (1.61 cm), diameter of flower (6.53 cm), vase life of cut flower (8.59 days), in situ longevity of flower (8.86 days), fresh weight of flower (11.06 g), dry weight of flower (3.53 g) and pedicle length of flower (25.13 cm). The status of available micro nutrients Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B (8.84, 0.94, 4.56, 7.56 and 120.33 mg/kg) maximum in leaves under the treatment B2: Panchgavya 3% and M3: 1.5% grade-IV micronutrient formulation (8.93, 0.93, 4.74, 7.87 and 115.11 mg/kg). Interaction between biostimulants and micronutrient grade IV was found to be significant in respect to number of cut flowers per plant (15.27), number of cut flowers per sq.m. (61.60) and yield of cut flowers per ha (5.90 lakh/ha) recorded in the treatment combination of Panchgavya 3% + 1.5% grade-IV micronutrient formulation (B2M3). As far as the relative economics of the treatment is concerned, Panchgavya @ 3% + 1.5 % grade-IV micronutrient formulation (B2M3) was found to be best with highest net returns and BCR of cut flower yield 14.62 Rs. lakh/ha and 1:3.19 respectively). Based on the investigation, it can be concluded that Panchgavya @ 3% with application of 1.5% grade-IV micronutrient formulation gave best results on growth, flower yield and quality of rose cv. Top Secret under protected condition.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZER WITH SPLIT APPLICATION THROUGH FERTIGATION ON GROWTH, FLOWER YIELD AND QUALITY OF AFRICAN MARIGOLD (Tagetes erecta L.) CV. PUSA NARANGI GAINDA 2860(jau,junagdh, 2019-07) Mr. V. B. Bhoye; Dr. D. K. VaruThe present experiment entitled “Effect of different doses of chemical fertilizer with split application through fertigation on growth, flower yield and quality of african marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda” was carried out at Fruit Research Station, Madhadi Baug, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during winter season of the year 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Factorial concept (FRBD) consistings two factors with three replications. The treatment comprised of four different doses of chemical fertilizer viz., NPK @ 150:75:50 kg/ha (F1), NPK @ 200:100:100 kg/ha (F2), NPK @ 250:125:150 (F3) and NPK @ 300:150:200 (F4) with four different of split application i.e. control (S1), 3 split 40, 80 and 120 DATP (S2), 4 split at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DATP (S3), 5 split at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 DATP (S4). The results of the study indicated that application of different dose of chemical fertilizer where observation significant and dose NPK @ 150:75:50 kg/ha significantly improved the plant height at 90 DAT (44.62 cm), maximum plant spread (N-S) at 60 DAP (29.72 cm), minimum days to opening first flower (46.49 days), Abstract days to 50 % flowering (53.34 days), duration of flowering (81.35 days), flower yield per plant (181.54 g), flower yield per plot (5.67 kg), flower yield per hectare (11.68 t/ha), vase life of flower (5.80 days), xanthophylls content (1.48 mg/g), minimum available soil nitrogen (123.92 kg/ha) kg/ha), available soil phosphorus (20.42 kg/ha) and available soil potash (235.55 kg/ha). Whereas maximum plant spread (N-S) at 30 DAT (19.57 cm) and maximum number of flower per plant (38.64) were observed in NPK @ 250:125:150 kg/ha respectively. While, non significant result was obtained for plant height at 30 & 60 DAT, number of main branches per plant at 30, 60 and 90 DAT, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of plant, plant spread (N-S) at 90 DAT, plant spread (E-W) at 30, 60 and 90 DAT, days to first flower bud opening, diameter of flower and shelf life of loose flower. In split application, the variation was also found significant. Significantly highest number of main branches per plant (16.78) at 90 DAT, plant spread (N-S) (30.02 cm) at 60 DAT, plant spread (E-W) (20.91 & 32.38 cm, respectively) at 30 & 60 DAT, respectively, first flower bud opening (32.87 days), first flower opening (42.78 days), minimum days to 50 % flowering (53.38 days), duration of flowering (82.38 days), number of flower per plant (38.69), flower yield per plant (180.71 g), flower yield per plot (5.67 kg), flower yield per hectare (11.68 t/ha) and diameter of flower (4.50 cm), vase life of flower (5.96 days), xanthophylls content (1.37 mg/g), available nitrogen in soil (125.46 kg/ha), available potash in soil (238.04 kg/ha) were registered in 3 split at 40, 80 and 120 DAT. Whereas application of 4 split at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAT gave significant result and maximum number of main branches per plant (6.18) at 30 DAT. Similarly, application of 5 split at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 DAT treatment was observed significant and maximum result on number of main branches per plant at 60 DAP (12.18), fresh weight of plant (212.26 g) and plant spread (E-W) at 90 DAP (40.37 cm) and minimum available phosphorus in soil (20.38 kg/ha), had recorded in control. While, non significant on plant height (at 30, 60 and 90 DAP), stem diameter, dry weight of plant, plant spread (N-S) (at 30 and 90 DAP), and shelf life. The interaction effect of different doses of chemical fertilizer and split application also significantly influenced the growth, flowering yield and quality of marigold. Significantly minimum number of days required for 50 % flowering (47.34 days), maximum number of flower per plant(42.49), flower yield per plant (212.00 g), Abstract maximum flower yield per plot (7.00 kg), maximum flower yield per hectare (14.42 t/ha), maximum xanthophylls content (1.81 mg/g), minimum available nitrogen in soil (115.44 kg/ha), phosphorus in soil (19.07 kg/ha) and potash in soil (214.92 kg/ha) were recorded with combined application of NPK @ 150:75:50 kg/ha with 3 split i.e. 40, 80 and 120 DAP (F1S2). As far as the economics point of view the maximum net realization (₹141414.3 ha-1) along with cost benefit ratio (1.62) were also obtained in treatment combination chemical fertilizer of NPK @ 150:75:50 kg/ha with 3 split i.e. 40, 80 and 120 DAP (F1S2).ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF PRE HARVEST SPRAY OF CALCIUM NITRATE AND GIBBERELLIC ACID ON YIELD, QUALITY AND STORAGE BEHAVIOUR OF GUAVA CV. L-49 2856(jau,junagdh, 2019-07) Purohit Hemanshi P.; Dr. A. M. ButaniThe present experiment entitled “Response of pre harvest spray of calcium nitrate and gibberellic acid on yield, quality and storage behavior of guava cv. L-49” was conducted during the year 2018-19 at Khengar Vav Farm, Fruit Research Station, Department of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat). The treatments comprised of different concentration of calcium nitrate (C0- Calcium nitrate 0%, C1- Calcium nitrate 0.5%, C2- Calcium nitrate 1% and C3- Calcium nitrate 1.5%) and different concentration of gibberellic acid (G0 – Gibberellic acid 0 mg/l, G1- Gibberellic acid 50 mg/l, G2- Gibberellic acid 100 mg/l and G3- Gibberellic acid 150 mg/l). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with factorial concept with three repetitions. The observations were recorded in four parameters i.e. fruiting, physical, biochemical and orgenoleptic parameters. The calcium nitrate 1.5% exhibited the maximum fruit set (65.09%), minimum fruit drop (23.03%) & days to maturity (88.33 days), maximum no. of fruits/tree (355.83), yield (34.77 kg/tree) and maximum fruit length (5.45, 5.43, 5.42 and 5.39 cm), diameter (5.64, 5.61, 5.59 and 5.54 cm), volume (121.75, 119.17, 115.17 and 114 cm3) & weight (157.30, 149.52, 145.92 and 138.94 g) on 0, 3rd, 6th and 9th days storage, respectively and minimum physiological loss in weight (5.03, 7.26 and 11.88%), spoilage (10.00, 32.22 and 51.67%) & maximum marketable fruits (90.00, 67.78 and 48.33%) on 3rd, 6th and 9th days storage, respectively and maximum shelf life (9.50 days), total soluble solids (11.12, 11.17, 11.29 and 11.22 °Brix), total sugar (5.68, 6.27, 7.11 and 6.81%), reducing sugar (3.89, 4.10, 4.42 and 4.37%), non reducing sugar (1.78, 2.16, 2.69 and 2.44%), minimum acidity (0.31, 0.33, 0.28 and 0.27%), maximum ascorbic acid (163.45, 168.52, 159.10 and 155.18 mg/100 g) & pectin content (0.74, 0.72, 0.68 and 0.65%) on 0, 3rd, 6th and 9th days storage, respectively. It also exhibited the maximum score for appearance (7.04), texture (7.62), colour (7.32), flavour (7.76) & taste (7.73). Among the different concentration of gibberellic acid, application of giberellic acid 100 mg/l was recorded maximum fruit set (65.92%), minimum fruit drop (23.22%) & days to maturity (90.75 days) maximum no. of fruits/tree (374.42), yield (35.61 kg/tree) and maximum fruit length (5.61, 5.60, 5.58 and 5.55 cm), diameter (5.71, 5.68, 5.64 and 5.63 cm), volume (114.50, 110.83, 109.92 and 106.92 cm3) & weight (163.10, 153.91, 149.10 and 143.31 g) on 0, 3rd, 6th and 9th days storage, respectively and minimum physiological loss in weight (5.74, 8.83 and 12.28%), spoilage (15.00, 38.33 and 55.00%) & maximum marketable fruits (85.00, 61.64 and 45.00%) on 3rd, 6th and 9th days storage, respectively and maximum shelf life (9.08 days), total soluble solids (11.34, 11.39, 11.49 and 11.42 °Brix), total sugar (5.74, 6.17, 6.97 and 6.71%), reducing sugar (3.99, 4.15, 4.37 and 4.32%), non reducing sugar (1.75, 2.02, 2.61 and 2.39%), minimum acidity (0.31, 0.33, 0.28 and 0.27%), maximum ascorbic acid (163.93, 169.15, 159.08 and 153.03 mg/100 g) and pectin content (0.69, 0.66, 0.60 and 0.58%) on 0, 3rd, 6th and 9th days storage, respectively. It also exhibited maximum score for appearance (5.75), colour (5.80), flavour (6.69) and taste (7.00). However, maximum score for texture (6.49) was recorded with giberellic acid 150 mg/l. In different combinations of calcium nitrate and gibberellic acid, treatment C3G2 (Calcium nitrate 1.5% & gibberellic acid 100 mg/l) resulted in maximum no. of fruit/tree (453.33), yield (42.43 kg/tree) and maximum fruit length (5.98, 5.96, 5.95 and 5.91 cm), diameter (5.98, 5.94, 5.91 and 5.87 cm), volume (140.00, 136.00, 135.33 and 132.00 cm3) & weight (182.17, 175.08, 172.01 and 164.93 g) on 0, 3rd, 6th and 9th days storage, respectively and minimum physiological loss in weight (3.89, 5.57 and 9.91%), spoilage (6.67, 28.89 and 44.45%) & maximum marketable fruits (93.33, 71.11 and 55.55%) on 3rd, 6th and 9th days storage, respectively and maximum shelf life (10.33 days), total soluble solids (12.28, 12.34, 12.45 and 12.39 °Brix), total sugar (6.77, 7.38, 8.34 and 8.00%), reducing sugar (4.42, 4.56, 4.90 and 4.86%), non reducing sugar (2.35, 2.82, 3.44 and 3.14%), minimum acidity (0.27, 0.29, 0.23 and 0.22%), maximum ascorbic acid (184.33, 187.83, 180.83 and 176.40 mg/100 g) & pectin content (0.77, 0.75, 0.73 and 0.70%) on 0, 3rd, 6th and 9th days storage, respectively. It resulted in better score for appearance (8.12), colour (8.20), flavour (8.10) & taste (8.30). Whereas, the better score for texture (8.03) was obtained with C3G3 (Calcium nitrate 1.5% + gibberellic acid 150 mg/l). Based on investigation it can be concluded that, combined pre harvest application of calcium nitrate and gibberellic acid (Calcium nitrate 1.5% + gibberellic acid 100 mg/l) improves yield, quality and storage behavior of guava.ThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF HYBRID BITTER GOURD (Momordica charantia L.) VNR 22 2853(jau,junagdh, 2019-07) Dudhat Mital A.; Dr. K. D. PatelThe present investigation entitled “Integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality attributes of hybrid bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) VNR 22” was conducted at Fruit Fruit Research SResearch SResearch S Research SResearch S Research S Research Station, Lal baugh, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during summer 2018. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and ten treatments viz. 100 % RDF of NPK (60 : 60 : 60 kg/ha) (T1), 100 % RDF of NPK + FYM 5 t/ha (T2), 100 % RDF of NPK + FYM 5 t/ha + Bio fertilizers 4 kg/ha (T3), 75 % RDF of NPK (45 : 45 : 45 kg/ha) (T4), 75 % RDF of NPK + FYM 5 t/ha (T5), 75 % RDF of NPK + FYM 5 t/ha + Bio fertilizers 4 kg/ha (T6), 50 % RDF of NPK (30 : 30 : 30 kg/ha) (T7), 50 % RDF of NPK + FYM 5 t/ha (T8), 50 % RDF of NPK + FYM 5 t/ha + Bio fertilizers 4 kg/ha (T9), Absolute control (T10). The observations on growth, flowering, yield and yield attributes, quality parameters and fertility status were recorded accordingly. Results of the experiment revealed that an application of 100 % RDF of NPK + FYM 5 t/ha + Bio fertilizers 4 kg/ha recorded significantly maximum vine length (284.44 cm), number of branches per plant (12.32), minimum days to first male (39.67 days) as well as female flower appearance (42.13 days), average node no. of first female flower anthesis (24.47th node) and narrow sex ratio (3.09). The same treatment illustrated that the plants treated with 100 % RDF of NPK + FYM 5 t/ha + Bio fertilizers 4 kg/ha had a significant effect on bitter gourd viz., maximum number of fruits per plant (20.63), fruit length (14.87 cm), fruit girth (50.82 mm), fruit weight (83.71 g), fruit yield per plant (1.72 kg), fruit yield per plot (15.20 kg), total fruit yield (5.65 t/ha) and minimum no. of seeds per fruit (7.67). The quality parameters like TSS (3.19 ºBrix), ascorbic acid content (81.35 mg/100g), protein content (1.75 %) and shelf life (5.71 days) were also registered significantly higher with treatment of 100 % RDF of NPK + FYM 5 t/ha + Bio fertilizers 4 kg/ha. Significantly higher value of available soil nitrogen (251.45 kg/ha), phosphorus (44.71 kg/ha), potassium (248.30 kg/ha) and organic carbon (0.76 %) at after crop harvest were found with treatment 100 % RDF of NPK + FYM 5 t/ha + Bio fertilizers 4 kg/ha. Among all treatments, the bitter gourd cultivation seems to be a profitable by using treatment 100 % RDF of NPK + FYM 5 t/ha + Bio fertilizers 4 kg/ha was obtained higher net return (₹1,69,336) and BCR (2.99). On the basis of experimental result, it can be concluded that application of 100 per cent NPK integrated with FYM and biofertilizers turned to be the best treatment for increasing growth, flowering, yield and quality attributes of bitter gourd
