Loading...
Thesis
Browse
17 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access ICT EXPOSURE OF EXTENSION PERSONNEL IN SAURASHTRA REGION 2877(jau,junagdh, 2019-07) Rose Mathews; Dr. N. B. JadavIndia is an agro based developing country with about 68.84 per cent population living in rural area. Agricultural extension is a service or system which assists farmers through educational procedures in improving farming methods and techniques, increasing production efficiency and income, bettering their levels of living and lifting the social and educational standards of rural life. In recent times however, there has been revolution with regards to ICT in agriculture particularly in extension service delivery. ICT has potential to respond to a number of challenges that confront public extension systems. With this consideration, the problem entitled ‘ICT exposure of extension personnel in Saurashtra region’ was undertaken. The study was conducted in Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Six districts were selected randomly out of eleven districts and a total of 120 respondents were selected proportionately from each six districts. In respect to characteristics majority (53.33 per cent) of the extension personnel were middle aged, more than three-fourth (80.00 per cent) were males, majority (60.83 per cent) had M.Sc. degree as educational status, more than half (64.17 per cent) had medium work experience, exactly three-fourth (75.00 per cent) belonged to rural area, majority (62.50 per cent) had medium achievement motivation, majority (65.84 per cent) had medium level of innovation proneness, majority (60.84 per cent) had medium job commitment, more than half (59.17 per cent) had medium attitude, slightly more than half (55.00 per cent) had medium level of knowledge about ICT, 53.34 per cent had medium level of mass media liveliness, majority (43.34 per cent) had low level of professional zeal, majority (61.67 per cent) had not undergone any training on ICT and 63.33 per cent had medium level of infrastructure facilities. Majority (65.00 per cent) of the extension personnel had medium level of ICT utilization followed by 20.00 per cent and 15.00 per cent with high and low level of utilization respectively. Out of fifteen independent variables; social participation, mass media liveliness, training undergone and infrastructure facilities had positive and significant relationship with ICT utilization of extension personnel. Educational status, innovation proneness, attitude, knowledge about ICTs had positive and highly significant relationship with ICT utilization of extension personnel. Age had highly significant and negative association with ICT utilization of extension personnel. The characteristics viz., gender, work experience, native place, achievement motivation, job commitment and professional zeal had non-significant association with ICT utilization of extension personnel. The important constraints faced by the extension personnel were lack of training on ICT, high cost and lack of fund for equipments, lack of farmers interest in ICT based transfer of technology, poor infrastructure facilities, poor technical know-how, lack of motivation to use ICT based extension, difficulty in developing content in local language, slow internet connectivity, adverse effect on eyesight and back ache/headache/ hand pain. The suggestions offered by extension personnel to overcome the constraints were adequate and timely training on ICT, maintenance of already installed equipments should be regular, awareness about the uses and effectiveness of ICT among various stakeholders, enough fund should be provided for ICT facilities and services, uninterrupted power and internet facilities should be ensured and selection of ICT tools should be proper, location specific and need basedThesisItem Open Access KNOWLEDGE AND UTILIZATION PATTERN OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES BY POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS IN JUNAGADH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2011-06) JYOTHI P; Dr. B. N. KalsariyaInformation and Communication Technology (ICT) is global term that incorporates all advancements that provide access to the information through telecommunications. ICT tools and services have been considered as powerful services that enable the educational change and reform. They are being not only used in administrative duties in education but also in the instruction of students. Within the classroom, ICT services are used for creative, communicative, collaborative and task-based activities during instruction and also in evaluating the students. Use of ICT services in education management is becoming compelling necessity throughout the world. Considering this, the present study was taken out for the measure of knowledge and utilization pattern of ICT services including their association with different selected characteristics of the respondents. The study was conducted in the six different colleges of JAU, Junagadh and JAU, Veraval. A total of 170 postgraduate students studying in Junagadh Agricultural University were selected for the investigation. The data was collected by the personnel interview method through the developed and pre-tested schedule. The data collected was further classified, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted in order to make findings meaningful. Statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and correlation co-efficient were used for the study. The results of the research indicated that 74.12 per cent of the postgraduate students were in the age group of 23 to 24 years, about 56.47 per cent were male respondents, 51.76 per cent had Gujarati as their medium education, 28.24 per cent of the student’s parents had education up to middle school and 38.82 per cent of had 8.1 to 8.5 of OGPA in respect to personnel characteristics. Regarding socio-economic characteristics, 40.59 per cent of the students had low family income, 55.29 per cent had monthly expenditure of ₹ 2501 to ₹ 5000, 79.41 per cent belonged to medium sized family and 50.00 per cent were from rural background. Corresponding to the communicational characteristics, ICT services such as Wikipedia and YouTube were known to the students by ‘themselves’. While, Email, MOOCs, WhatsApp, Facebook and Janvani FM were known through friends, parents and relatives. Online thesis repositories, CeRA, MS–software, Google, statistical packages, Kiosk and agricultural web portals were known through teaching and learning process. ICT services such as Email, MOOCs, Wikipedia, WhatsApp, Facebook, YouTube, MS–software, Google, Janvani FM, statistical packages and agricultural web portals were accessible through the self owned facility. Online thesis repositories, CeRA and Kiosk were accessible through the facility provided by the departmental or college or university. In relation to psychological characteristics, the preferred job by the students is academic teaching. The 58.24 per cent of the postgraduate students were found in the category of medium level of knowledge regarding ICT services and 57.06 per cent of them belonged to the category of medium utilization of ICT services. Out of 12 variables, 7 variables namely age, parent’s education, academic performance, family annual income, monthly expenditure pattern, source of information regarding ICT and accessibility to the selected ICT services had a positive and significant relation with their knowledge level and utilization pattern of ICT services and the rest 5 variables had non-significant relationship. The major constraints faced by the postgraduate students in utilization of ICT services were limited accessibility and network connection, hardship in finding the relevant content and cannot download full articles in time. The important suggestions offered by the respondents to overcome the constraints were workshops and specialised training on statistical packages should be organised, full length research paper should be made accessible to students and internet facility should be ensured in the hostel (Wi-Fi) with adequate strength.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGERIAL EFFICIENCY OF COCONUT PLANTATION GROWERS IN COASTAL AREA OF SAURASHTRA REGION(JAU,JUNAGDH, 2011-10) B. N. Kalsariya; Dr. M. N. PopatThesisItem Open Access KNOWLAGE AND ADOPTION OF KHARIF SEASAME GROWERS ABOUT RECOMMENDED KHARIF SEASAME PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY(JAU,JUNAGADH, 2010-06) DALSANIYA ANIL M.; D.M. THAKRARThesisItem Open Access ADOPTION OF CLEAN MILK PRODUCTION PRACTICES FOLLOWED BY DAIRY FARM WOMEN IN JUNAGADH DISTRICT(jau,junagadh, 2011-12) Pagar Ashok R.; Dr. M. N. PopatIn India, keeping milch animals has been never a separate occupation from agriculture. Thus, its rural economy is closely tied up with milch animals. Agriculture is basis of village life in India. Seventy percent of the Indian population depends on it for their livelihood. India occupies the foremost position among the countries of the world in respect of livestock. It contributing nearly about one fourth of world’s total bovine population. India maintained its position as largest producers of milk, with achievement of around 104.8 million tonnes during 2007-08. However, there is large population of milk producing animals; the milk production is very low as compared to other countries. Livestock sector had among the few growth sectors in rural India over the past five decades and its contribution to the GDP has 4.36 per cent share in 2006-07. (Anonymous 2008) The recent advances in dairy science technology have demonstrated that adoption of clean milk production practices has great potential for increasing the quality of milk production. Clean milk production is considered as one of the important factors in economy of Gujarat state. The dairy farm women can increase production of milk by adopting clean milk production practices and different recommended package of practices. In the present study, an attempt was made to know the level of adoption of clean milk production practices and empirically verify the hypothesis of “ADOPTION OF CLEAN MILK PRODUCTION PRACTICES FOLLOWED BY DAIRY FARM WOMEN IN JUNAGADH DISTRICT” was under taken with following objectives: 1) To study the profile of dairy farm women of Junagadh district. 2) To study the knowledge level of dairy farm women regarding clean milk production practices. 3) To study the adoption of clean milk production practices followed by dairy farm women. 4) To explore the relationship between profile of dairy farm women with their adoption of clean milk production practices. 5) To identify the constraints faced by the dairy farm women in adoption of clean milk production practices. 6) To seek suggestions from the dairy farm women to overcome the constraints faced by them in adoption of clean milk production practices. A researcher studying in Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh therefore Junagadh district is chosen for this study. Sixteen milk producing villages were randomly selected from eight talukas. For this study 160 dairy farm women who had minimum 3 years of experience in dairy farming were selected randomly from those 16 villages i.e. ten dairy farm women from each village. To know the various characteristics of dairy farm women, it was measured with using structured schedule. Measurements of knowledge level of dairy farm women regarding clean milk production practices was carried out by teacher made test. A measurement of adoption of clean milk production practices by dairy farm women was done by using well structure schedule. A simple ranking technique was applied to measure the constraints and suggestions given by dairy farm women. The data were collected with the help of well-structured interview schedule through personal contact and data were compiled, tabulated and analyzed to get proper answers for objectives of the study. The statistical tools used were percentage, mean score, standard deviation and coefficient of correlation. The important findings of the study are summarized as below: 1. Majority (83.75 per cent) of the dairy farm women were found in the middle age group. 2. About 28.75 per cent of the dairy farm women had education up to higher secondary. 3. Nearly two third (65.62 per cent) of the dairy farm women had medium level of experience in dairy farming. 4. More than 64.38 per cent of dairy farm women were found in small size of family. 5. Majority (71.25 per cent) of the dairy farm women had membership in one organization. 6. More than two-fifth (42.50 per cent) of the dairy farm women were medium farmer. 7. More than half (51.25 per cent) of dairy farm women had medium herd size. 8. More than half (55.00 per cent) of the dairy farm women were found with medium annual income. 9. Majority (73.13 per cent) of dairy farm women had medium extension participation. 10. Majority (66.87 per cent) of dairy farm women had medium exposure to mass media. 11. More than two-third (69.38 per cent) of the dairy farm women had moderately favorable attitude towards dairy farming. 12. More than half (56.87 per cent) of the dairy farm women had medium level of risk orientation. 13. Majority (60.62 per cent) of the dairy farm women had medium level of knowledge regarding clean milk production practices. 14. Majority (70.62 per cent) of the dairy farm women had medium level of adoption regarding clean milk production practices. 15. The independent variables viz. education, experience in dairy farming, herd size, annual income, risk orientation, land holding, extension participation, attitude towards dairy farming and knowledge regarding clean milk production practices had positive and highly significant correlation with adoption of clean milk production practices of dairy farm women. Whereas, age, size of family and social participation of the dairy farm women had non-significant correlation with adoption of clean milk production practices of dairy farm women. 16. Major constraints faced by dairy farm women in adoption of clean milk production were; equipments and tools of clean milk production were costly, lack of availability of KMnO4 solution for cleaning and washing purpose, lack of proper training on clean milk production, inadequacy of skilled labour, lack of technical knowledge about clean milk production practices and lack of stainless still utensils. 17. Various suggestions given by dairy farm women were; KMnO4 solution should be made available at village level, subsidy should be provided for purchasing tools and implements required for clean milk production, veterinary doctor should visit timely in the village, provide timely technical knowledge regarding clean milk production and regular training programmes should be conducted for clean milk production.ThesisItem Open Access “KNOWLEDGE AND ADOPTION OF COCONUT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN JUNAGADH DISTRICT OF GUJARAT STATE”(jau,junagadh, 2012-01) Koli Mukesh A.; Dr. M. N. PopatAgriculture as the largest private enterprise in India and will continue to be the life line of the Indian economy least in foreseeable future. It contributes nearly 22 per cent to national G.D.P. In food sector alone agriculture contributes about 250 thousand crores rupees annually. Also provide direct employment to about 234 million people. The Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera Linn.) is supposed to be one of the five legendary Devavrikshas and is eulogised as Kalpavriksha - the all giving tree - in Indian classics. All parts of the palm are used in some way or another in the daily life of the people of the west coast; the traditional coconut growing area. Its fruit is called Lakshmi Phai and is used in social and religious functions in India irrespective of whether palm is locally grown or not. Coconut is one of the important plantation crops of Gujarat state particularly in coastal area. The coconut plant having high economic potential for coconut growers. The plant is unique in the sense that it is capable of meeting all the basic needs of food, fiber, fuel, timber and even animal feed. Still the growers are getting disenchanted with it. Total production of coconut in India is 101.48 million nuts and productivity is 5231 nuts per hectare (Anonymous, 2009), whereas, in Gujarat, coconut grown in 16674 hectare with production 172466 M.T. Among all the fruit crops, coconut is the most thrived age old major cash crop of Junagadh district. Considering the area and production of coconut in Gujarat, Junagadh is first. In Junagadh district, the area under the coconut is 7076 hectare producing 77836 M.T. of coconut every year. Considering the taluka wise area of coconut in Junagadh district, Mangrol ranked first having an area 1632 ha. under coconut, followed by Maliya Hatina taluka having an area of 900 ha. and Veraval taluka having an area of 328 ha. The improved crop technologies in coconut are developed. The improved varieties are also available to the farmers. Various farmers training programmes are being conducted by the government and other agencies; however there has been no major breakthrough in coconut production. The technology of growing coconut crop is complex and sophisticated. It requires through understanding and repeated practice of different skills on the part of farmers reap rich harvests. Therefore, farmers should be trained in specific operational and technical know-how and skill embracing all phases of production for maximizing their economic returns. Keeping all these facts in mind the present research problem “KNOWLEDGE AND ADOPTION OF COCONUT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN JUNAGADH DISTRICT OF GUJARAT STATE” was undertaken. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To study the selected characteristics of coconut growers. 2. To measure the level of knowledge of farmers about the coconut production technology. 3. To know the extent of adoption of coconut production technology. 4. To ascertain the association of knowledge about coconut production technology with their selected characteristics. 5. To ascertain the association of adoption of coconut production technology with their selected characteristics. 6. To identify constraints faced by farmers in adoption of coconut production technology. 7. To seek the suggestions from the respondents to overcome the constraints in adoption of coconut production technology. In order to realize the above objectives, a sample of 108 coconut growers, representing 6 villages of two talukas (Mangrol and Veraval) of Junagadh district was drawn by using multiple stage purposively sampling technique. To know the various characteristics of coconut growers the scales developed by various researchers were used with some modifications. Measurements of knowledge about recommended production technology of coconut the teacher made knowledge test was used. A measurement of adoption was done by using scale developed by chattopadhyay (1974) with slight modification. A simple ranking technique was applied to measure the constraints faced by coconut growers. The data were collected with the help of well-structured, pre-tested, Gujarati version interview scheduled through personal contact and data were compiled, tabulated and analyzed to get proper answers for objectives of the study. The statistical tools used were; percentage, mean score, standard deviation and coefficient of correlation value. MAJOR FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The important findings of the study are summarized as below: Characteristics of the coconut growers 1. Majority (62.04 per cent) of the coconut growers were found in the middle age group. 2. More than one-third (34.26 per cent) of the coconut growers had education up to secondary level of education. 3. Majority (60.19 per cent) of coconut growers were found in large size of family. 4. More than two-fifth (44.44 per cent) of the coconut growers had medium level of experience in coconut cultivation. 5. Slightly less than three-fifth (59.26 per cent) of the coconut growers were medium size of land holding (2.01 to 4 ha). 6. About 57.41 per cent of the coconut growers had medium land holding (1.1 to 3.0 ha) under coconut cultivation. 7. More than half (52.78 per cent) of the coconut growers were found with medium annual income. 8. Majority (73.15 per cent) of the coconut growers had medium coconut yield index. 9. Majority (75.00 per cent) of the coconut growers had medium social participation. 10. Majority (63.89 per cent) of coconut growers had medium extension participation. 11. More than three-fifth (63.89 per cent) of coconut growers had medium exposure to mass media. 12. Less than three-fifth (57.40 per cent) of the coconut growers had medium level of risk orientation. 13. Majority (58.33 per cent) of the coconut growers had medium level of scientific orientation. 14. More than half (56.48 per cent) of the coconut growers had medium level of market orientation. 15. More than three-fifth (62.96 per cent) of coconut growers had medium innovativeness. 16. Majority (64.81 per cent) of the coconut growers had medium level of knowledge regarding recommended practices of coconut. 17. Majority of the coconut growers (66.67 per cent) had medium level of overall adoption regarding recommended practices of coconut. 18. The independent variables viz., education, experience in coconut cultivation, land holding, annual income, yield index, social participation, extension participation, mass media exposure, risk orientation, scientific orientation, market orientation and innovativeness had positive and significant correlation with knowledge level of coconut growers regarding recommended production technology of coconut crop. The variables viz., age, size of family, area under coconut showed non-significant relationship with knowledge level of the coconut growers. 19. The independent variables viz., education, experience in coconut cultivation, land holding, area under coconut, annual income, yield index, extension participation, mass media exposure, risk orientation, scientific orientation, market orientation and innovativeness had positive and significant correlation with adoption level of coconut growers regarding recommended production technology of coconut crop. The variables viz., age, size of family and social participation showed non-significant relationship with adoption level of the coconut growers. 20. Major constraints faced by coconut growers in adoption of recommended production technology were; unavailability of healthy seedlings, non-availability of labours, high cost of inputs, lack of market facilities, high rates of labours, lack of knowledge about control measures of pests and diseases, high cost of transportation, lack of timely technical guidance, lack of knowledge about recommended dose of fertilizers and fluctuations in market rate. 21. Coconut growers suggested that price of planting material should be minimized, timely technical guidance should be provided to the farmers, sufficient knowledge should be provided regarding recommended dose of fertilizer, insecticide/pesticides, good and healthy seedlings should be provided, proper marketing facility should be established, guidance should be provided to raise nursery, coconut co–operative marketing society should be started in potential coconut growing area and training on new technologies should be imparted to the farmers.ThesisItem Open Access EXTENSION STRATEGIES FOR RISK MANAGEMENT IN DRY LAND AGRICULTURE IN NORTH SAURASHTRA ZONE(jau,junagadh, 2011-06) MAKADIA SAGAR RASIKBHAI; DR. P. R. KANANIIndia has about 108 million hectares of dry farming area which constitutes nearly 75 per cent of the total 143 million hectares of arable land (Anon. 2005). In such areas crop production becomes relatively difficult as it mainly depends upon intensity and frequency of rainfall. Out of 19.6 million hectares of total geographical area of Gujarat, 96 lakh hectares area is under cultivation. Out of this cultivated area, 78 per cent (75 lakh ha) is rainfed (Vora, 1992). However, majority of the farmers of dry farming areas are not aware as well as not adopting recommended dry farming technologies, due to lack of technical knowledge and several constraints experienced by them in adoption of recommended dry farming technologies. Keeping the above fact in view, the study entitled “Extension Strategies for Risk Management in Dry Land Agriculture in North Saurashtra Zone” was undertaken with specific objectives viz, (1) To study the selected characteristics of the respondents. (2) To measure the knowledge level of respondents about recommended dry farming technologies. (3) To know the extent of adoption of the respondents about recommended dry farming technologies. (4) To ascertain the association of knowledge about recommended dry farming technologies with their selected characteristics. (5) To ascertain the association of adoption about recommended dry farming technologies with their selected characteristics. (6) To identify constraints faced by respondents in adoption of recommended dry farming technologies. (7) To seek the suggestions from the dry farming adopters to overcome the constraints in adoption of recommended dry farming technologies. In context to above objectives, a sample of 120 dry farming adopters’ representing 6 village of Rajkot, Tankara and Jodiya Talukas of North Saurashtra was drawn by using random sampling techniques. To measure the dry farming adopters’ knowledge about recommended dry farming technologies a teacher made knowledge test was developed and used. To measure the dry farming adopters’ extent of adoption of recommended dry farming technologies the adoption quotient developed by Chattopadhyay (1974) was used with slight modification. The data were collected with the help of structured schedule by personal interview method. The data were compiled analyzed and interpreted in the light of specific objectives. Findings About one half (46.67per cent) of the dry farming adopters belonged to middle age group, while majority of the respondents (55.83 per cent) were from primary education group, medium size of land holding (64.17 per cent) and medium annual income (62.50 per cent). Whereas, 82.50 per cent and 75.00 per cent of dry farming adopters were from medium level croping intensity and extension participation, respectively. Medium level marketing orientation 60.00 per cent, medium level mass media exposure 56.67 per cent, medium level social participation 53.33 per cent, medium level irrigation potentiality 48.33 per cent and medium level risk orientation 71.67 per cent and medium level innovativeness 47.50 per cent. Majority of the respondents (63.33 per cent) were from moderate level of knowledge about the recommended dry farming technologies, followed by low (20.83 per cent) and high (15.84 per cent) level of knowledge about recommended dry farming technologies, respectively. About 57.50 per cent of the dry farming adopters were from medium level adoption index, followed by 24.17 per cent and 18.33 per cent with low and high level of adoption of the recommended dry farming technologies, respectively. There was positive and significant association with the knowledge about recommended dry farming technologies and their education, size of land holding, social participation, extension participation, cropping intensity, risk orientation, innovativeness and mass media exposure. While market orientation was negative and non significant associated with the knowledge of recommended dry farming technologies. Age was negative and significantly associated with the knowledge of recommended dry farming technologies. While remaining all characteristics of the dry farming adopters like annual income and irrigation potentiality were non significantly associated with the knowledge of recommended dry farming technologies. There was positive and significant association with the adoption of recommended dry farming technologies and their education, social participation, and extension participation cropping intensity, risk orientation, innovativeness and mass media exposure. There was no significant association with the adoption of recommended dry farming technologies and their annual income, size of land holding. Age was negative and significantly associated with the adoption of recommended dry farming technologies. While market orientation and irrigation potentiality were negative and non significantly associated with the adoption of recommended dry farming technologies. The important constraints faced by dry farming adopters were: Appearance of periodic drought spells during cultivation, Poor return as compare to modern technologies, Lack of organized extension machinery to disseminate the proven dry farming technologies, Inadequate and untimely supply of agricultural inputs, Farmers don’t willing to take risk, Lack of information and experience regarding dry farming, Poor economic status of the farmers etc. However the suggestions expressed by more than 60.00 per cent of the dry farming adopters to overcome the constraints in adoption of recommended dry farming technologies viz: Provide special administrative setup to promote dry farming, market facilities should be strengthened, inputs should be made available at subsidized rate, sufficient and timely credit facility should be made available.ThesisItem Open Access “KNOWLEDGE OF AGRICULTURAL STUDENTS REGARDING GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS EFFECT ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE”(jau,junagadh, 2011-06) DADHANIA P. M.; Dr. D. M. THAKRARThe agricultural situation in India has undergone a rapid change in last two decades. Agricultural Entrepreneurship plays a very important role in improving food and nutrition security, reducing poverty and in accelerating economic growth in a predominantly agricultural and rural economy like that of India. Education has been considered a lubricating force in the process of overall socio-economic development. The most important theme of linkage between agricultural entrepreneurship and educational institutions are on brink of the 21st century as we have almost reached to the cross road of Indian economy where the process of liberalization has started. This is indeed a crucial time for all of us to very seriously contemplate to develop a vision which can help us in our endeavor to promote economical and social status of our people and lead us to achieve the ultimate goal of our total participation in management of their organization. Entrepreneurship education provides opportunities to develop skills, in addition to the knowledge through engaging the learners in a variety of processes and situations. Keeping in view the present study entitled “KNOWLEDGE OF AGRICULTURAL STUDENTS REGARDING GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS EFFECT ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE” was undertaken with following specific objectives: 1. To study profile of the agricultural students of agriculture faculty of JAU. 2. To study level of knowledge of the agricultural students about global warming. 3. To study sensitivity of the agricultural students to minimize global warming problem. 4. To ascertain relationship between profile of the agricultural students and their level of knowledge about global warming. 5. To ascertain suggestions of the agricultural students to create awareness about global warming among the postgraduate research scholars. The present study was undertaken at College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The study was conducted on randomly selected 100 students. The data were collected by distributing the questionnaire to randomly selected post graduate research scholars. The dependent and Independent variables were measured with the help of suitable scale and procedures adopted by other research workers were used with due modification. The statistical tools used for analysis were mean, standard deviation and coefficient of correlation. Major findings of the study are summarized below: 1. Nearly two-third of the post graduate research scholars (62.00 per cent) had age in the range of 22 to 24 years. 2. More than half of the post graduate research scholars (57.00 per cent) were in first class category. 3. Slightly less than half (44.00 per cent) was low participation in extracurricular activities. 4. Slightly less than three forth (70.00 per cent) of the post graduate research scholars father has above S.S.C. education level of education. 5. One third (37.00 per cent) of the post graduate research scholars mothers has above S.S.C. 6. More than one third (42.00 per cent) of the post graduate research scholars had high level habit to collect information from sources like text books, reference books, reports of seminar, symposia, conferences, news papers, research journals, TV and radio. 7. Exactly half (50.00 per cent) of the post graduate research scholars of JAUs were utilizing library facility everyday out of which, 26.00 per cent, 19.00 per cent and 05.00 per cent of them used it for one hour, two to three hours and for more than three hours, respectively. 8. Great majority (65.00 per cent) of the post graduate research scholars used internet every day, out of which 37.00, 19.00 and 09.00 per cent of them utilized it up to one hour, two to three hours and above three hours, respectively. 9. More than two fifth of the post graduate research scholars(45.00 per cent) family had income up to Rs. 1.0 lakh. 10. More than half (59.00 per cent) post graduate research scholar’s father engaged in farming and animal husbandry. 11. More than half (57.00 per cent) of the postgraduate research scholars had medium level of scientific orientation 12. 63.00 per cent of the post graduate research scholars had medium level of innovation proneness. 13. More than two fifth (46.00 per cent) of the post graduate research scholars held neutral attitude towards IPM. 14. Out of the 13 variables, three variables namely academic performance, father’s occupation and attitude towards IPM of post graduate research scholars had a positive and significant correlation with their knowledge about global warming and rest ten variables did not show any significant relationship. 15. Major suggestion endorsed by the post graduate research scholars were each student should be given responsibility to maintain one tree in campus, awareness on long term effect of GW problem should be created, establishing Environmental Information Center at college, Regular plantation of trees/plants should be organized in academics villages, post graduate students should be encouraged doing research on GW issues, special lecture of scientists on GW should be organized in academics institution and award should be given for the best research work done by postgraduate students on GW issues.ThesisItem Open Access SUSTAINABILITY OF GROUNDNUT BASED CROPPING SYSTEM OF SOUTH SAURASHTRA ZONE OF GUJARAT STATE(jau,junagadh, 2011-11) KHODIFAD PARASHOTAMBHAI BHIMABHAI; DR. P. R. KANANIGroundnut is principal crop of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat State. It is grown so extensively since 1910. Although, enormous advances in science and technology of groundnut crop production, but because of indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals as fertilizers and pesticides, exploitation of natural resources, productivity and profitability of groundnut crop decreased considerably and as a result, area under groundnut crop is reduced considerably during the last decade. Keeping this in view, it was felt worthwhile to study “sustainability of groundnut based cropping system in South Saurashtra zone of Gujarat state”. The specific objectives of the study were : (i) to study selected characteristics of groundnut growers of the South Saurashtra zone of Gujarat State (ii) to identify the significant indicators for sustainable groundnut based cropping system in South Saurashtra zone of Gujarat State, (iii) to determine the threshold score of identified indicators, (iv) to measure sustainability of groundnut based cropping system in South Saurashtra Zone of Gujarat State, (v) to trace relationship, if any, between sustainability of groundnut based cropping system and selected characteristics of the farmers, (vi) to identify the constraints faced by the farmers in adoption of sustainable groundnut production practices and (vii) to seek suggestions for increasing sustainability in groundnut based cropping system in the South Saurashtra zone of Gujarat State. The present study was undertaken in South Saurashtra Zone of Gujarat state. A sample of 160 groundnut growers, in equal proportion, from eight villages, one from each agro-ecological situation in which groundnut is grown, was drawn by using multistage random sampling technique. The study was conducted under ex-post-facto (cause to effect) research design. To measure the sustainability of the groundnut based cropping system, standardized sustainability scale was developed. The sustainability scale was developed by inclusion of significant major and sub indicators. Indicators were identified by seeking the opinion of experts and groundnut growers. By the same way, weightage and threshold score of each identified indicators were determined. Scale values of each sub-indictor were determined on 5 point continuum from 0 to 4 for not sustainable to most sustainable, respectively. The scale, thus, developed was tested for validity (Content validity and criterion validity) and reliability (test retest method). Among fifteen selected characteristics of the groundnut growers, age was measured by number of years completed by them whereas education was measured by formal education received by them. Social participation, opinion leadership, self confidence, self responsibility, management orientation, overall modernity, scientific orientation, achievement motivation, innovativeness, risk orientation, and market orientation were measured by scale developed by Trivedi (1963), Rogers (1962), Basavanna (1974), Theodore (1999), Samantha (1977), Mehta et. al. (1974), Supe (1969), Vishweshwaran (1979), Sing (1977), Supe (1969) and Samantha (1977), respectively. Groundnut growers’ market intelligence and attitude toward modern farming were measured with the help of structured schedules. The data were collected by personal interview of the groundnut growers with the help of structured interview schedule. The collected data were processed, coded, tabulated and analyzed in the light of the objectives of the study by employing appropriate statistical methods. Majority of the groundnut growers were in the group of medium social participation (70.00 per cent), medium scientific orientation (70.00 per cent), moderate risk taker (73.75 per cent), medium market orientation (68.75 per cent), medium management orientation (66.88 per cent) and in the group of fairly market intelligence (73.75 per cent). About two third, groundnut growers were moderately motivated due to achievement which they made (66.88 per cent) and were moderately self responsible (69.37 per cent). Approximately three fifth of groundnut growers were from meddle age (61.88 per cent), played medium opinion leadership role (59.38 per cent), had medium self confidence (60.63 per cent), were willing for reasonable modernization (58.12 per cent) and hold moderately favourable attitude towards the modern farming (58.12 per cent). Nearly half of them were educated up to secondary level (52.50 per cent). In concern with innovativeness, 28.75 per cent of the respondents were from early majority group. Out of initially selected 25 major indicators and 224 sub indicators, 21 major indicators and 147 sub indicators, respectively, were found significant for the measurement of sustainability of groundnut based cropping system. The threshold score of major indicators viz; soil and water conservation (14.70 score), farming system (14.50 score), marketing and market facilities (14.10 score), finance management (13.80 score), labour management (13.50 score), farm mechanization (13.80 score), organizational support (13.70 score) were found very close to the central value of that particular indicator. Majority of the groundnut growers managed their groundnut based cropping system at sustainable level (40.00 per cent) to more sustainable level (31.25 per cent). Overall sustainability of groundnut based cropping system was 28.99 per cent. Major indicators such as weed control, tillage practices, farm mechanization, labour management, and soil fertility management, finance management and marketing and market facilities had higher sustainability, whereas extension participation and communication had least sustainability. Groundnut growers’ characteristics such as education level, opinion leadership, market intelligence, self confidence, innovativeness, self responsibility, management orientation, scientific orientation, overall modernity, attitude toward modern farming and achievement motivation of the groundnut growers were positively correlated with sustainability of groundnut based cropping system. From among 15 selected characteristics of groundnut growers, six variables were contributed significantly to sustainability of groundnut based cropping system and all these together explained 70.56 per cent variation. Scientific orientation had greatest influence by 49.22 per cent. Increase in pest and disease problem, lack of access to extension worker, non availability of package of sustainable groundnut production technology, poor knowledge about sustainable farming practices, misconception about sustainability, shortage of organic manures/FYM, and shortage of laborers were the important constraints in adoption of sustainable groundnut production practices. Most important suggestions offered by majority of the groundnut growers were : Increase use of organic manure, adoption of water conservation practices, awareness programme for sustainable farming should be organized, existing extension system should be made stronger, Bt variety of groundnut should be developed, adoption of integrated pest and disease management practices and judicious use of agrochemicals should be ensured.
