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Open Access
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY ONION (Allium cepa L.) 2955
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-08) RISHI RAJ; K. B. Asodariya
A field experiment entitled “Effect of foliar application of various fertilizers on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by onion (Allium cepa L.)” was carried out during rabi season of 2017-18 on calcareous clayey soil at Junagadh. The experiment comprising ten treatments was laid out in randomised block design with three replications. The experimental results revealed that significantly higher values of growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves, yield attribute viz., bulb polar diameter, bulb equatorial diameter, average weight of bulb (g), grade of bulb, total bulb yield and marketable bulb yield at harvest; quality parameter viz., TSS, bolters and doubles, soil and plant chemical analysis N, P, K and S content and uptake and their in soil after harvest were recorded under the treatment 75 % RDF + WSF, Grade 4 and Banana pseudo @ 1 % foliar spray at 45 and 60 DAT. The highest net return ( 279203 ha-1 ) and B: C ratio (5.32) was realized with the application of 75 % RDF + WSF, Grade 4 and Banana pseudo @ 1 % foliar spray at 45 and 60 DAT. Based on one year experimental results, it seems quite logical to conclude that higher production and net returns from rabi Onion (GJWO-3) can be obtained with application of 75 % RDF + WSF, Grade 4 and Banana pseudo @ 1 % foliar spray at 45 and 60 DAT on medium black calcareous clayey soil under South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone.
Open Access
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF FENUGREEK (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) 2911
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-06) SABHAYA NAIMISH JAYSUKHBHAI; J. M. Modhvadia
A field experiment was conducted on clayey soil at the instructional farm, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during the rabi season of 2017-18 in randomized block design with three replications, comprised with 9 treatments of four plant growth regulators each of two level viz., GA3 (25 and 50 ppm), NAA (25 and 50 ppm) and Seaweed (5% and 10%), triacontanol (250 and 500 ppm) foliar spray at 25 & 50 DAS and control (water spray). The results revealed that foliar application of GA3 50 ppm at 25 and 50 DAS recorded significantly higher values of growth parameters viz., plant height, primary and secondary branches per plant and yield attributes viz., number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, length of pod , number of seeds per plant and test weight along with seed and stover yields and biological yield over control (water spray), which was comparable and significantly not different from foliar application of GA3 25 ppm and NAA 50 ppm in respect of seed and stover yields. Considerable improvement in nutrient content (N, P and K) and their uptake by seed and stover of fenugreek were also noticed with foliar application of GA3 50 ppm at 25 and 50 DAS followed by GA3 25 ppm as compared to control (water spray). The economics of plant growth regulator treatments also indicates that foliar application of GA3 50 ppm at 25 and 50 DAS was more profitable in terms of net returns ( 50937 ha-1 ) in comparison to rest of the treatments. In general, better crop yield and higher net returns per hectare could be obtained from fenugreek by foliar application of GA3 50 ppm at 25 and 50 DAS.
Open Access
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN SUMMER SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) 2910
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-08) SETA SAGAR NARSHIBHAI; R. B. Thanki
A field experiment entitled "Integrated nutrient management in summer sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)" was carried out during summer season of 2018 at the Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, JAU, Junagadh. The experiment comprising nine treatments was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that application of 75% RDF + VAM + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB (soil application 3 L/ha) recorded significantly higher values of growth parameters viz., plant height and number of branches/plant, yield attributes and yield viz., number of capsules/plant, length of capsule, seeds/capsule, seed yield/plant, seed yield (1002 kg/ha), stover yield (1772 kg/ha) and biological yield, quality parameters viz., protein content and oil content, soil and plant chemical analysis N, P, K content, uptake and availability of nutrients in soil and Azotobacter count, PSB counts and KSB counts in soil after harvest. The economics of different treatments also indicates that application of 75% RDF + VAM + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB more profitable in terms of gross return ( 75029/ha) and net returns ( 46402/ha) in comparison to rest of the treatments. In general, better crop yield, higher net returns and maximum benefit cost ratio (B:C) can be obtained by application of 75% RDF (37.5-18.75-30 kg N-P2O5-K2O) + VAM (soil application 0.25 kg/ha) + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB (soil application 3 lit/ha) each on medium black calcareous soil under South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone.
Open Access
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF ISABGOL (Plantago ovata Forsk.) 2905
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-07) SOJITRA HARMISHA BHUPATBHAI; S. P. Kachhadiya
A field experiment entitled the effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, yield and quality of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.). The experiment was carried out during rabi season of the year 2017-18 at the Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The experiment was laid out in Factorial RBD with 3 replications by combining 2 factors namely four levels of nitrogen (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg/ha) and four levels of phosphorous (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg/ha). Addition of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers recorded better growth, yield and quality parameters of the isabgol crop. The soil of the experimental plot was clayey in texture and slightly alkaline in reaction with pH 7.67 and EC 0.52 dS/m. The soil was high in available nitrogen (245 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (35 kg/ha) and potassium (270 kg/ha). Results of present investigation indicated that the application of 45 kg N/ha significantly increased growth parameters viz., plant height, plant spread, number of tillers per plant, yield attributes like number of spikes per plant, spikes length 1000 seed weight and ultimately gave higher seed yield (908.3 kg/ha), straw yield (2741.17 kg/ha), quality parameters like protein content in seed and N, P and K content and uptake by crop over control.Abstract Application of 30 kg P2O5/ha was increase the growth parameters like plant height, plant spread, number of tillers per plant, yield attributes viz., number of spikes per plant, spikes length 1000 seed weight and ultimately gave higher seed yield (887.50 kg/ha), straw yield (2682.75 kg/ha) and N, P and K content and uptake by crop over control. The combine application of 45 kg N/ha with 30 kg P2O5/ha registered significant the highest seed yield (1067 kg/ha) over control. Based on finding and economics, it can be concluded that maximum gross return ( 244500/ha), net return ( 202677/ha) and BCR (5.85) was obtained with application of 45 kg N/ha and 30 kg P2O5/ha as per requirement under medium black calcareous soil under South Saurashtra agro climatic zone.
Open Access
IMPROVING PHOSPHORUS USE EFFICIENCY IN SUMMER GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) USING IMPROVED MICROBIAL CULTURES 2901
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-07) RAGHAVENDRA NAGAR; Ram A. Ja
Groundnut being a leguminous crop and rich in oil requires higher amount of phosphorus as compared to other nutrients. Phosphorus is an important nutrient in crop production. It promotes plant root growth and helps in energy transformations as well as photosynthesis in plants. The major problem of phosphorus is its low availability. Most of the Saurashtra region soils are calcareous in nature. The phyto-availability of phosphorus in these soils is a major issue because most of the applied phosphorus get fixed in short period of time due to the formation of poorly soluble calcium phosphate minerals. Therefore, it affects crop production adversely and cost of phosphatic fertilizer per unit production increases. It is well evidenced that uses of organics and microorganisms play an important role in improving phosphorus availability in agricultural soils. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are the microbes involved in a range of processes that affect the transformation of soil phosphorus and are thus an integral component of the soil P cycle. In view of the above facts, the present study was planned to exploit the unavailable soil phosphorus for plant nutrition in summer groundnut using improved microbial cultures viz. DGRC 1 and DGRC 2 which are consortia cultures having PSB, PGPR and Rhizobium. Keeping this in mind a field experiment entitled “Improving phosphorus use efficiency in summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using improved microbial cultures” was carried out during summer, 2018 in randomized block design with ten treatments replicated three times. The experimental finding revealed that growth parameters, yield parameters, yield, nutrient content in pod and haulm, nutrient status of soil after harvest of groundnut, soil enzymatic activities and economics was significantly influenced by different phosphorus management practices in summer groundnut. Application of 100 % RDP + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 was found significantly superior over rest of the treatments with respect to effect on growth parameter, yield attributes and yield, nutrient content and uptake by plant, available N, P and K in soil,oil and protein contents in kernel and enzymatic activities in soil. Plant height, dry matter accumulation per plant and number of branches per plant at 30, 60, 90 DAS and harvest were recorded significantly higher with the application of 100% RDP + DGRC 1 and 100% RDP + DGRC 2 over 100% RDP. Similarly, significantly minimum days to 50 % flowering was also recorded with the 100 % RDP + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 . Significantly higher number of pegs per plant, mature pods per plant, weight of mature pods per plant, shelling out-turn, pod yield and haulm yield were recorded with the application of 100% RDP + DGRC 1 and 100% RDP + DGRC 2 over 100% RDP. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in pod and haulm of summer groundnut differed significantly due to various phosphorus management practices. Higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in pod and haulm and uptake by plant were recorded with the application of 100% RDP + DGRC 1 and 100% RDP + DGRC 2 over 100% RDP. Significantly higher available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil were recorded with the application of 100% RDP + DGRC 1 and 100% RDP + DGRC 2 over 100% RDP. Oil and protein content in kernels were significantly higher with the application of 100% RDP + DGRC 1 and 100% RDP + DGRC 2 over 100% RDP. Significantly higher dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes activities at 30 and 60 DAS in soil were observed with the application of 100% RDP + DGRC 1 and 100% RDP + DGRC 2 over 100% RDP.. Maximum gross returns ( 1,12,251 ha-1 ) was observed with the application of 100 % RDP + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 over rest of the treatments while highest net returns ( 55,715 ha-1 ) and benefit-cost ratio (2.24) were observed with 100% RDP + DGRC 1.
Open Access
INTEGRATION OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS, ENRICHED COMPOST AND BIOFERTILIZERS IN CORIANDER (Coriandrum sativum L.) 2891
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-07) ADHITHI M V; R. K. Mathukia
A field experiment entitled “Integration of chemical fertilizers, enriched compost and biofertilizers in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)” was carried out during rabi season of 2017-18 on calcareous clayey soil at Junagadh. The experiment was laid out comprising ten treatments in randomised block design with three replications. The experimental results revealed that significantly higher values of growth parameters viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, dry matter production and yield attributes viz., number of umbels per plant, number of umbellates per umbel, number of seeds per umbellate, test weight along with higher stover yield (1688 kg/ha) were recorded under the treatment of enriched compost + RDF + VAM. Whereas, significantly higher values of seed yield (1493 kg/ha), nutrient uptake by plant, available N, P, K in soil, microbial count (PSB and KSB) in soil after harvest along with higher net return (Rs.69434/ha) and B:C ratio (2.81) were realized with the application of RDF + VAM + Azotobacter + PSB + KMB (T6). It could be concluded that higher production and net return from coriander (Gujarat Coriander 2) can be obtained by the application of RDF (60-60-40 N-P2O5- K2O kg/ha) + soil application of Azotobacter + PSB + KMB @ 3 L/ha each + VAM @ 0.25 kg/ha.
Open Access
RESPONSE OF NITROGEN LEVELS AND ENRICHED COMPOST TO GRAIN AMARANTH (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) UNDER SOUTH SAURASHTRA CONDITION 2886
(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-07) FADADU DEEP VRAJLAL; H. M. Bhuva
A filed experiment entitled “RESPONSE OF NITROGEN LEVELS AND ENRICHED COMPOST TO GRAIN AMARANTH (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) UNDER SOUTH SAURASHTRA CONDITION” was conducted during rabi season of the year 2017-18 at the Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The experiment comprising eight treatment combinations were laid out in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice. The treatment consisted combinations of four levels of nitrogen viz., 00 kg N/ha (N1), 40 kg N/ha (N2), 60 kg N/ha (N3) and 80 kg N/ha (N4), two levels of enriched compost i.e. no enriched compost (C1) and enriched compost 5.0 t/ha (C2). The recommended dose of phosphorus 40 kg P2O5/ha was applied uniformly to all the treatment as basal in form of single super phosphate. Nitrogen was applied as per treatment in form of urea. Experimental results indicated that significantly highest plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation at 30 DAS, 60 DAS, 90 DAS and at harvest, while stem girth at harvest and days to 50% flowering were significantly higher with an application of 80 kg N/ha (N4). Similarly, significantly more length of main inflorescence (85.12 cm), higher number of spikelets per spike, maximum test weight and highest grain yield and stover yield recorded by nitrogen application 80 kg N/ha (N4). Fertilization with 80 kg N/ha recorded significantly highest protein content and protein yield. There was not found any significant influence of different levels of nitrogen on phosphorus and potassium content in grain as well as in stover but nitrogen content in grain and stover shows significant result. While application of nitrogen 80 kg N/ha (N4) showed significantly highest nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by grain and stover. significantly higher under 80 kg N/ha (N in soil after the harvest of the crop were In case of enriched compost plant, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation growth, stem girth at harvest and days to 50 when enriched compost was applied yield were also recorded with the Application of enriched compost protein content and protein yield. Similarly, application significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus and and stover. Available nitrogen and phosphorus were treated with enriched compost 5.0 t/ha ( harvest of the crop remain unchanged due to applica The interaction effect of nitrogen levels and enriched compost on growth, yield, yield attributes, quality, nutrients content and uptake, available nutrients status after crop harvest were found non In case of economics the highest net return of were obtained with application of 80 kg N/ha (N BCR of 2.29 were recorded with ap From the results of one year experimentation, it can be concluded that to obtain higher profitable yield of rabi enriched compost 5.0 t/ha and 60 ) showed significantly highest nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by grain and stover. Available nitrogen (187.5 kg/ha) 0 kg N/ha (N4), whereas available phosphorus and potash in soil after the harvest of the crop were remain unaffected. enriched compost, maximum plant height, number of leaves per and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages of and days to 50% flowering were significantly higher was applied 5.0 t/ha (C2). The maximum grain and stover were also recorded with the application of enriched compost 5.0 t/ha (C2). enriched compost 5.0 t/ha (C2) exert its significant effect on protein content and protein yield. Similarly, application of enriched compost showed significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and uptake by grain Available nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly highest when 5.0 t/ha (C2), whereas available potash in soil after the remain unchanged due to application of enriched compost. The interaction effect of nitrogen levels and enriched compost on growth, yield, yield attributes, quality, nutrients content and uptake, available nutrients status after crop harvest were found non-significant In case of economics the highest net return of 52948/ha and BCR of 2 d with application of 80 kg N/ha (N4) and net return of 52777/ha and were recorded with application of enriched compost 5.0 t/ha (C2). From the results of one year experimentation, it can be concluded that to obtain grain amaranth, the crop should be fertilized wi and 60 kg N/ha under South Saurashtra condition. ) showed significantly highest nitrogen, phosphorus and 187.5 kg/ha) was available phosphorus and potash maximum plant height, number of leaves per l the stages of were significantly higher aximum grain and stover exert its significant effect on showed potassium content and uptake by grain significantly highest when in soil after the The interaction effect of nitrogen levels and enriched compost on growth, yield, yield attributes, quality, nutrients content and uptake, available nutrients status /ha and BCR of 2.61 /ha and From the results of one year experimentation, it can be concluded that to obtain grain amaranth, the crop should be fertilized with
Open Access
BIOFORTIFICATION OF ZINC IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) VARIETIES THROUGH SEED, SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLICATION 2883
(JAU,JUNAGADH, 2019-07) Parmar Pratik Mansukhbhai; Dr. T. C. Poonia
A field experiment was carried out on medium black calcareous soil at Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat during rabi season 2017-18 to evaluate biofortification of zinc in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties through seed, soil and foliar application. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatment combinations comprised two varieties viz., GG 1 (V1) and GJG 3 (V2) and six zinc fortification treatments viz., control, seed treatment ZnSO4 @ 3 g kg-1 seed, 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray, seed treatment ZnSO4 @ 3g kg-1 seed + 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray, soil application ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 and soil application ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray. The chickpea was grown with standard package of practices. The results revealed that growth parameters viz., plant height, days to 50 % flowering, branches per plant, dry matter production at 60 DAS and at harvest, number of root nodules per plant did not influenced significantly with the different chickpea varieties while chickpea variety GJG 3 recorded significantly higher dry matter production at 30 DAS (2.52 g plant-1). A significant improvement in 100-seed weight, seed yield, straw yield and biological yield were observed with chickpea variety GJG 3 over GG 1. Significantly higher numbers of pods per plant (45.83) was recorded with variety GG 1. Significantly, chickpea variety GJG 3 was found superior in zinc content and uptake in seed and straw fetching higher net returns (₹ 62,508 ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.78). Under agronomic strategy, zinc fortification through soil application ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray at flowering and pod filling stages significantly improved all the growth parameters viz., plant height (43.83 cm), branches per plant (8.52), days to 50% flowering (44 days), dry matter production at 30 DAS (2.85 g plant-1), 60 DAS (16.67 g plant-1) and at harvest (33.12 g plant-1), yield attributes and yield viz., pods per plant (55.17), seed yield (2288 kg ha-1) and straw yield (3553 kg ha-1) and quality parameters viz., protein content in seed (22.89%) and protein yield (523 kg ha-1), zinc content and uptake in seed and straw (45.98 and 37.51 ppm and 104.87 and 133.35 g ha-1, respectively) with higher B: C ratio (2.89) and net profitability (₹ 70,322 ha-1) over all other zinc biofortification treatments. Abstract It could be concluded that growing of chickpea variety GJG 3 and zinc fortification though soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray at flowering and pod filling stages coupled with recommended dose of NPK was found best agronomic strategy for irrigated chickpea seed biofortification on medium black calcareous soils of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone
Open Access
EFFECT OF BIO-REGULATORS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) 2870
(jau,junagdh, 2019-07) Korat Hiteshvariben Vijaybhai; Dr. P. D. Kumawat
A field experiment entitled “Effect of bio-regulators on growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was carried out under medium black soil having pH 7.67 and EC 0.52 dS/m during rabi season of 2017-18 at the Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The experiment consisting of twelve treatment combinations, comprising 4 levels of thiourea (water spray, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm) and 3 levels of thioglycollic acid (water spray, 100 and 200 ppm) was laid out in randomized block design having factorial concept and replicated thrice. The results of field experiment indicated that growth parameters viz., plant height at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest, dry matter accumulation at 90 DAS and at harvest and number of tillers per plant at harvest increased significantly with the increase in thiourea concentration up to 500 ppm whereas significant response was obtained up to 250 ppm thiourea in dry matter accumulation at 60 DAS. Significant improvement in yield attributes viz., number of spikes per plant, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, spike length, test weight and grain, straw and biological yields were observed with the increasing concentration of thiourea up to 500 ppm over water sprayed control and 250 ppm thiourea. Significantly higher protein content and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) at one week after each spray were recorded in 500 ppm thiourea foliar spray over water spray. The foliar application of thiourea @ 500 ppm, being at par with 1000 ppm and significantly increased nitrogen and phosphorus content as well as uptake by wheat grain and straw over control and 250 ppm thiourea. Application of thiourea did not influence significantly the potassium content in grain and straw. But potassium uptake by seed and straw increased up to 500 ppm thiourea. The foliar application of thiourea did not have any significant effect on available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in soil after harvest of wheat crop. Foliar sprays of 500 ppm thiourea recorded significantly higher net return of 38978/ha in comparison to water spray (29722/ha) and higher B: C ratio of 2.02. The foliar application thioglycollic acid @ 100 ppm improved overall growth of the crop in term of plant height and dry matter accumulation at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest, number of tillers per plant at harvest, yield attributes viz., number of spikes per plant, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, spike length, test weight and grain, straw and biological yields as well as protein and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) in leaves in comparison to water spray. The foliar application of 100 ppm thioglycollic acid significantly increased nitrogen and phosphorus content and NPK uptake by wheat grain and straw. The available NPK in soil after harvest of the crop was not significantly differed by foliar application of thioglycollic acid. Significantly increased net return (37157/ha) over water spray (30084/ha) with the B: C ratio of 1.97 was obtained with the foliar spray of thioglycollic acid @ 100 ppm. Grain yield was significantly correlated with plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, spike length, test weight, straw yield, biological yield, protein and chlorophyll content as well as NPK uptake in grain and straw.

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