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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE FLUSH, BIOSTIMULANTS AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON FRUIT SET, YIELD AND QUALITY OF DRAGON FRUIT [Hylocereus polyrhizus (Britton & Rose)] UNDER SAURASHTRA REGION 3716(JAU JUNAGADH, 2023-08) PRERNA PRACHI; Dr. K. D. Patel; 2020621017The current experiment titled “Effect of different reproductive flush, biostimulants and growth regulators on fruit set, yield and quality of dragon fruit [Hylocereus polyrhizus (Britton & Rose)] under Saurashtra region” was conducted at Instructional Farm, Polytechnic in Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during the year 2022. The treatment comprised three levels of reproductive flush (F1- June, F2- July and F3- August) and eleven levels of biostimulants and growth regulators (B1- Seaweed extract @ 1%, B2- Seaweed extract @ 2%, B3- Cytozyme @ 0.4%, B4- Cytozyme @ 0.6%, B5- Novel organic fertilizer @ 1.5%, B6- Novel organic fertilizer @ 2%, B7- CPPU @ 10 ppm, B8- CPPU @ 20 ppm, B9- GA3 @ 100 ppm, B10- GA3 @ 200 ppm, B11- Control). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with factorial concept with three replications and thirty-three treatment combinations. The result revealed that out of the three reproductive flush, F2 (July) witnessed maximum number of flowers/plant (3.73), fruit set (91.01%), number of fruits/plant (3.15), fruit yield (2.67 kg/pillar), fruit yield (12.38 t/ha), fruit breadth (7.11 cm), pulp weight (185.49 g), TSS:TA ratio (61.83), lowest titrable acidity (0.22%) and lowest fruit drop (9.00%). Whereas maximum fruit weight (267.45 g), total sugar (12.71%), reducing sugar (9.16%), ascorbic acid (8.91 mg/100 g pulp), minimum days to flower (14.55) and minimum days to fruit set (18.57) was observed during F3 (August). While maximum TSS (13.26 °Brix), fruit pulp percentage (72.60%) and lowest peel weight (59.18 g) were noticed during F1 (June). For the various treatment of biostimulant and growth regulators given, B2 (Seaweed extract @ 2%) turned out to be better over others and resulted in maximum number of flowers/plant (4.63), number of fruits/plant (4.22), fruit yield (3.60 kg/pillar), fruit yield (16.66 t/ha), fruit length (12.22 cm), fruit breadth (8.55 cm), fruit weight (391.79 g), pulp weight (293.14 g), TSS (14.87 °Brix), total sugar (13.77%), reducing sugar (9.63%), ascorbic acid (9.81 mg/100 g pulp), fruit pulp percentage (75.12%), TSS:TA ratio (135.95) and lowest titrable acidity (0.12%). While maximum non reducing sugar (4.38%) was noted in B1 (Seaweed extract @ 1%). The result also showed that B8 (CPPU @ 20 ppm) took minimum days to flower (13.20) and minimum days to fruit set (20.92) whereas maximum fruit set (91.37%) and lowest fruit drop (8.64%) were noticed in B7 (CPPU @ 10 ppm). And lowest peel weight (52.73 g) was observed in B11 (Control). The interaction effect of reproductive flush, biostimulants and growth regulators was found non-significant for maximum parameters except for some fruit set and yield parameters. The result indicated maximum number of flowers/plant (6.34), number of fruits/plant (5.33), fruit yield (4.44 kg/pillar) and fruit yield (20.54 t/ha) in F2B2 (July + Seaweed extract @ 2%) whereas lowest fruit drop (0.03%) was recorded in F2B7 (July + CPPU @ 10 ppm) and F2B8 (July + CPPU @ 10 ppm), respectively.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PACKAGING MATERIALS AND STORAGE PERIODS ON DORMANCY OF MARIGOLD SEED(JAU,JUNAGADH, 2022-09) CHUDASAMA KAJALBEN ASHOKBHAI; Dr. D. L. VarmoraThe present investigation entitled “The effect of different packaging materials and storage periods on dormancy of marigold seed” was carried out at high tech horticulture park, Department of Horticulture, JAU, Junagadh during the 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with factorial concept had three repetitions and twelve treatment combinations consist of T1 - double layer polythene bag + 30 days ofstorage , T2 - double layer polythene bag + 60 days ofstorage T3 - double layer polythene bag + 120 days of storage, T4 - double layer polythene bag + 180 days of storage, T5 - cloth bag + 30 days of storage, T6 -cloth bag + 60 days of storage, T7 -cloth bag + 120 days of storage, T8 - cloth bag + 180 days of storage, T9 - aluminum foil pouch +30 days of storage, T10 - aluminum foil pouch + 60 days of storage, T11 - aluminum foil pouch +120 days ofstorage, T12 -aluminum foil pouch +180 days of storage.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PRUNING AND INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CUSTARD APPLE (Annona squamosa L.) CV. SINDHAN 3436(JAU,JUNAGADH, 2021-11) PARASANA JIGAR SURESHBHAI; Dr. D. K. VaruThe present experiment entitled “effect of pruning and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) cv. Sindhan” was carried out at Fruit Research Station, Madhadi Baugh Farm, Department of Fruit science, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during April-19 to November-20. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Factorial concept (FRBD) consisting two factors with three replications. The treatment comprised with three levels of pruning viz., Unpruned (P1), light pruning at 10 cm (P2) and medium pruning at 20 cm (P3) and eight treatments of integrated nutrient management i.e. 100 % RDN + 10 kg FYM (F1), 100 % RDN + 10 kg FYM + Azotobacter 15 ml + PSB 15 ml + Micronutrient grade-IV (0.5 %) + GA3 25 ppm (F2), 80 % RDN + 10 kg FYM (F3), 80 % RDN + 10 kg FYM + Azotobacter 30 ml + PSB 30 ml + Micronutrient grade-IV (1.0 %) + GA3 50 ppm (F4), 60 % RDN + 10 kg FYM (F5), 60 % RDN + 10 kg FYM + Azotobacter 45 ml + PSB 45 ml + Micronutrient grade-IV (1.5%) + GA3 75 ppm (F6), 10 kg FYM + 4 kg Castor cake + 2.5 kg Vermicompost + Micronutrient grade-IV (1%) + GA3 50 ppm (F7) and 10 kg FYM + Panchgavya @ 3 % + Jivamrut 500 l/ha + Amritpani @ 600 l/ha + Banana pseudostem sap @ 1 % 100 % RDN + 10 kg FYM (F8). The result of the study indicated that application of different level of pruning had produced non-significant effect on growth parameters except length of shoot which was higher (13.40 cm) in medium pruning at 20 cm (P3). The flowering parameters, fruiting, yield and yield attributes and quality parameters were significantly influenced by various level of pruning. Maximum number of flower per shoot (14.94), number of fruit set per shoot (10.72) and fruit set (70.10 %), minimum fruit drop (26.26 %), maximum fruit yield (8.82 kg/plant and 2.44 t/ha), average weight of fruit (174.11 g), fruit length (6.59 cm), fruit girth (6.83 cm), pulp weight (104.45 g), pulp: seed ratio (8.18), pulp: rag ratio (1.82), minimum number of seed (25.55), weight of seed (13.42 g), maximum total sugar (22.33 %), reducing sugar (18.47%), non-reducing sugar content (3.83%), ascorbic acid (21.55 mg/100g), TSS (22.31 °Brix) and minimum acidity (0.25 %) were noted in medium pruning at 20 cm (P3). Whereas, minimum days to flower initiation (73.41) was recorded with unpruned tree (P1). However, soil EC, soil pH, available soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil were also noted non-significant due to pruning. In case of integrated nutrient management, the variation was also found non significant for growth except length of shoot (14.95 cm) which was found maximum with the application of 100 % RDN + 10 kg FYM + Azotobacter 15 ml + PSB 15 ml + Micronutrient grade-IV (0.5 %) + GA3 25 ppm (F2). Similarly, the minimum days to flower initiation (70.72) was recorded with application of 60 % RDN + 10 kg FYM (F5). Whereas, maximum number of flower per shoot (16.27), number of fruit set per shoot (12.58), fruit set (76.74 %), minimum fruit drop (18.02 %), maximum fruit yield (9.26 kg/plant and 2.57 t/ha), average weight of fruit (182.96 g), fruit length (7.14 cm), fruit girth (7.54 cm), pulp weight (108.08 g), pulp: seed ratio (10.32), pulp: rag ratio (1.87), minimum number of seed (23.27), weight of seed (11.06 g) and quality parameters like non-reducing sugar (3.94 %) were recorded in 80 % RDN + 10 kg FYM + Azotobacter 30 ml + PSB 30 ml + Micronutrient grade-IV (1.0 %) + GA3 50 ppm (F4). The quality parameters were also significantly influenced by organic manures and maximum total sugar (23.34 %), reducing sugar (19.34 %), ascorbic acid (23.02 mg/100g), TSS (22.74 °Brix) and minimum acidity (0.25 %) were recorded in 100 % RDN + 10 kg FYM + Azotobacter 15 ml + PSB 15 ml + Micronutrient grade-IV (0.5 %) + GA3 25 ppm (F2). For interaction effect, the result was found non-significant for all parameters. As far as the economic point of view, maximum net realization (Rs 76,984 ha 1 ) along with cost benefit ratio (2.11) was obtained in medium pruning at 20 cm with respect to integrated nutrient management treatment of 80 % RDN + 10 kg FYM + Azotobacter 30 ml + PSB 30 ml + Micronutrient grade-IV (1.0 %) + GA3 50 ppm (F4) has noted maximum net realization (Rs 99,182 ha-1 ) along with cost benefit ratio (2.23).ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NPK ON PLANT GROWTH, YIELD AND FLOWER QUALITY OF ZINNIA (Zinnia elegans L.) 3370(JAU JUNAGADH, 2021-09) CHAVDA MAHESH VAJUBHAI; N. D. Polara; 2020619005Zinnia, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, interaction The field experiment entitled “Effect of different levels of NPK on plant growth, yield and flower quality of zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.)” was carried out during February to June, 2020. The experiment ware laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with control vs rest concept. Total thirteen treatment combinations of three levels of nitrogen viz., 100 kg ha-1 (N1), 150 kg ha-1 (N2) and 200 kg ha-1 (N3), two levels of phosphorus viz.,50 kg ha-1 (P1) and 75 kg ha-1 (P2) and two levels of potassium viz., 50 kg ha-1 (K1) and 75 kg ha-1 (K2) and replicated thrice. The result of experiment revealed that individual effect of nitrogen 200 kg ha-1 (N3) recorded. higher plant height, number of branches per plant, plant spread (N-S), fresh weight of plant, chlorophyll content and it was at par with 150 kg ha-1 (N2) in such parameter, but higher plant spread (E-W) was observed in 150 kg ha-1 (N2) and at par with 200 kg ha-1 (N3) level. The minimum days to first flower bud appearance reported in 100 kg ha-1 (N1). Maximum duration of noted in 150 kg ha-1 (N2) and at par with 200 kg ha-1 (N3) level. The higher flower bud length, number of flower per plant, weight of single flower, flower yield per plant, higher flower yield per plot and flower yield per hectare was observed in 150 kg N ha-1 (N2). For the phosphorus, maximum number of branches per plant, fresh weight of plant, flower head diameter and flower head diameter were found in 75 kg ha-1 (P2). Higher phosphorus content in plant was observed in 75 kg ha-1 (P2). but, it was also at par with in 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 (P1). However, higher phosphorus uptake was recorded in 150 kg ha-1 (N2) level. In the potassium, higher flower bud length, vase life of flower of flower was found in 75 kg ha-1 (K2) and maximum potassium uptake was showed in 150 kg ha-1 (N2) treatment. The interaction effect of NPK was found significant for plant height and recorded maximum plant height in treatment combination 200: 75: 75 NPK kg ha-1 (N3: P2: K2), but it was at par with 150: 50: 75 NPK kg ha -1 (N2: P1: K2), 150: 75: 50 NPK kg ha-1 (N2: P2: K1), 200: 50: 75 NPK kg ha-1 (N3: P1: K2) and 200: 75: 50 NPK kg ha-1 (N3: P2: K1). Flower head diameter was noted maximum in treatment combination of 200: 75 NP kg ha-1 (N2: P2) and it was found at par with 150: 50 NP kg ha-1 (N2: P1). Shelf life of flower was maximum in treatment combination 200: 50 NP kg ha-1 (N3: P1) and found at par with 150: 75 NP kg ha-1 (N2: P2). Maximum flower yield per plant was noted in treatment combination 150: 75: 50 NPK kg ha-1 (N2: P2: K1) and it was found at par with 150: 50: 75 NPK kg ha-1 (N2: P1: K2) and 150: 75: 75 NPK kg ha-1 (N2: P2: K2). Maximum potassium uptake was noted in treatment combination 150: 50 NK kg ha-1 (N2: K1) which was at par with 150: 75 NK kg ha-1 (N2: K2) and 200: 50 NK kg ha-1 (N3: K1). Maximum potassium uptake was noted in treatment combination 150: 75: 50 NPK kg ha-1 (N2: P2: K1) and found at par with 150: 50: 75 NPK kg ha-1 (N2: P1: K2). It is concluded that zinnia are fertilized @150 kg N ha-1 in two split (half dose at the time of transplanting and the remaining half dose the at the 20 days after transplanting) plus 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 50 kg K2O ha-1 as basal dose for higher flower yield, net return and BCR under South Saurastra region condition.ThesisItem Open Access “EFFECT OF BIO-STIMULANTS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)” 3364(JAU JUNAGADH, 2021-09) PATEL RUCHITKUMAR PRAFULCHANDRA; V. L. Purohit; 2020618014The present investigation entitled “Effect of bio-stimulants on growth, yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)” was conducted at Polytechnic in Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during the year 2019 in Kharif season. Total sixteen treatments combinations of two varieties viz., GJO 3 (V1), GO 6 (V2), four bio-stimulants alone viz., Novel @ 1% (B1), Seaweed extract @ 2.5% (B2), Panchagavya @ 3% (B3), Jivamrut @ 500 l/ha (B4) and in combination viz., Novel @ 1% + Panchagavya @ 3% (B5), Seaweed extract @ 2.5% + Panchagavya @ 3% (B6), Panchagavya @ 3% + Jivamrut @ 500 l/ha (B7), Novel @ 1% + Panchagavya @ 3% + Jivamrut @ 500 l/ha (B8) were laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. The results showed that variety GO 6 (V2) recorded highest leaf area index (2.25), maximum fruit length (11.23 cm), maximum marketable fruit yield (3.40 kg/net plot), highest marketable fruit yield (11.79 t/ha), highest chlorophyll content (28.97 SPAD) and minimum crude fiber content (32.64 %). However, variety GJO 3 recorded maximum ascorbic acid (16.72 mg/100 g). Varieties were found non significant in growth parameters viz., plant height, number of primary branches, days to 50 % flowering and number of flowering nodes and yield parameters viz., fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, number of pickings and weight of fruit. In case of bio-stimulants, application of Novel @ 1% + Panchagavya @ 3% + Jivamrut @ 500 l/ha (B8) perceived maximum plant height (193.80 cm), maximum number of primary branches (3.47), minimum days to 50 % flowering (44.83 days), highest number of flowering nodes (5.77), highest leaf area index (2.32), maximum fruit length (11.53 cm), highest number of fruits per plant (17.07), highest number of pickings (14.03), maximum weight of fruit (17.34 g), maximum marketable yield (4.01 kg/net plot) (13.94 t/ha), highest chlorophyll content (36.03 SPAD) and maximum ascorbic acid (21.70 mg/100 g). Only, crude fiber content was found better in Jivamrut @ 500 l/ha (B4) (30.27 %). The interaction effect of variety GO 6 and bio-stimulant application Seaweed Extract @ 2.5% and Panchagavya @ 3% (V2B6) noted maximum fruit length (12.07 cm), variety GO 6 and bio-stimulant application of Novel @ 1% + Panchagavya @ 3% + Jivamrut @ 500 l/ha (V2B8) exhibited maximum chlorophyll content (37.63 SPAD). The interaction effect between variety GJO 3 and bio-stimulant application of Panchagavya @ 3% + Novel @ 1% + Jivamrut @ 500 l/ha (V1B8) improved ascorbic acid (21.94 mg/100 g) and minimum crude fiber content was observed in variety GO 6 and Jivamrut @ 500 l/ha (V2B4) (28.79 %). The interaction effect was found non-significant in all growth parameters as well as yield parameters except leaf area index and fruit length. Also, the worked-out economics revealed that highest BCR was in variety GO 6 (V2) (1.31) and bio- stimulants application of Novel @ 1% + Panchagavya @ 3% + Jivamrut @ 500 l/ha (B8) (1.71). On the basis of results obtained from the present investigation, it can be concluded that variety GO 6 found better in marketable fruit yield and bio-stimulants foliar application of Novel @ 1% and Panchagavya @ 3% just after initiation of flowering at 15 days interval and soil application of Jivamrut @ 500 l/ha at sowing onwards 30 days interval has been found effective with regard to growth parameters viz., plant height, number of primary branches, days to 50 % flowering, number of flowering nodes and leaf area index; yield parameters viz., fruit length, number of fruits per plant, number of pickings, weight of fruit and marketable yield. Also, the net return and benefit cost ratio obtained higher in variety GO 6 and bio-stimulants Novel @ 1% + Panchagavya @ 3% + Jivamrut @ 500 l/haThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SPACING AND NITROGEN ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF GOMPHRENA (Gomphrena globosa L.) 3358(JAU JUNAADH, 2021-09) MALANI BHUMIBEN JAYANTIBHAI; N. D. Polara; 2020619014Gomphrena, Spacing, Nitrogen The present experiment entitled “Effect of spacing and nitrogen on growth and yield of gomphrena (Gomphrena globosa L.)” was conducted at the Fruit Research Station, Jambuvadi Farm, Department of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during summer season of the year 2020-21. Twelve treatment combination arising from three levels of spacing viz. 20 x 10 cm (S₁), 20 x 15 cm (S₂), 20 x 20 cm (S₃) and four levels of nitrogen i.e. 00 kg ha-1 (N₁), 50 kg ha-1 (N₂), 75 kg ha-1 (N₃) and 100 kg ha-1 (N₄) were allocated in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with factorial concept in three replication. Growth, flowering, yield and nutrient content of gomphrena were influenced by different levels of spacing. Maximum plant height was recorded at 30 DAP (36.25 cm), 60 DAP (63.84 cm) and 90 DAP (81.66 cm), flower yield per plot (2962.69 g), flower yield (13.68 t/ha), uptake of nitrogen by plant (214.20 g/plant) in 20 x 10 cm (S₁) spacing, while maximum plant spread (N-S) was recorded at 30 DAP (19.76 cm), 60 DAP (29.47 cm) and 90 DAP (36.50 cm) and plant spread (E-W) was recorded at 30 DAP (24.24 cm), 60 DAP (34.44 cm) and 90 DAP (53.61 cm), minimum number of days taken to flower bud initiation (23.16 days), minimum number of days taken for first flower (30.73 days) in 20 x 20 cm (S₃) spacing. The maximum number of primary branches per plant at 50% flowering (8.11) and at full bloom (11.53), maximum days of flower span (78.50 days), fresh weight of plant (489.37 g), dry weight of plant (128.15 g), chlorophyll content (46.37 SPAD), shelf life (28.01 days), number of flowers per plant (139.54), weight of flowers per plant (109.90 g), fresh weight of 100 flowers (79.59 g), dry weight of hundred flowers (36.41 g), available nitrogen content in soil (258 kg ha-1 ), nitrogen content from plant (2.27 per cent) were recorded in 20 x 20 cm (S₃) spacing. All the parameters like growth, flowering, yield and nutrient content were significantly influenced by different levels of nitrogen. Maximum plant height was recorded at 30 DAP (34.33 cm), 60 DAP (60.32 cm) and 90 DAP (78.76 cm), plant spread (N-S) at 30 DAP (18.47 cm), 60 DAP (26.97 cm) and 90 DAP (35.26 cm) and plant spread (E-W) at 30 DAP (21.98 cm), 60 DAP (31.93 cm) and 90 DAP (49.38 cm), number of primary branches per plant at 50% flowering (8.20) and full bloom (11.33), days of flower span (82.83 days), chlorophyll content (46.62 SPAD), shelf life (28.51 days), fresh weight of 100 flowers (75.78 g), dry weight of hundred flowers (33.72 g), available nitrogen content in soil (280 kg ha-1 ), maximum nitrogen content from plant (2.54 per cent), uptake of nitrogen by plant (237.65 g/plant) were observed in 100 kg N ha-1 (N4) treatment, while maximum number of flowers per plant (133.14), weight of flowers per plant (101.21 g), flower yield per plot (3018.12 g), flower yield (13.94 t/ha) were significant higher in application of 75 kg N ha-1 (N₃) treatment. From the economic point of view, planting of gomphrena at 20 x 10 cm (S₁) spacing was found most profitable as it recorded the highest net income (Rs. 81,365 ha-1 ) with highest BCR (1.46) and the application of nitrogen @ 75 kg N ha-1 (half dose as basal and remaining half dose of 45 DAP) was found most profitable as it recorded the highest net income (Rs.78,513 ha-1 ) with highest BCR (1.28) in gomphrena under South Saurastra region.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FOLAIR APPLICATION OF MULTI-MICRONUTRIENTS GRADE IV AND PRE HARVEST BAGGING ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) CV. L-49 3346(JAU JUNAGADH, 2021-08) The present experiment entitled “Effect of foliar application of grade IV micronutrient and pre harvest bagging on yield and quality of guava cv. L-49” was conducted during the year 2020-21 at Madhadi Baug, Fruit Research Station, Department of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat). The treatments comprised of different concentration of multi-micronutrient grade IV (M1- Multi-micronutrient grade IV 0.5%, M2- Multi-micronutrient grade IV 1% and M3- Multi-micronutrient grade IV 1.5%) and different pre harvest bagging (B0 – Control, B1- Newspaper bag, B2- White paper bag, B3- Brown paper bag, B4 – non wooven bag). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with factorial concept with three repetitions. The observations were recorded in four parameters i.e. fruiting, physical, biochemical and orgenoleptic parameters. The multi-micronutrient grade IV 1% exhibited the maximum fruit set (79.92%), minimum fruit drop (20.08%) & maximum fruit retention (59.82%), maximum no. of fruits/tree (321.33), yield (50.90 kg/tree) and maximum fruit length (5.52 cm), diameter (5.68 cm), volume (144.12 cm3; The present experiment entitled “Effect of foliar application of grade IV micronutrient and pre harvest bagging on yield and quality of guava cv. L-49” was conducted during the year 2020-21 at Madhadi Baug, Fruit Research Station, Department of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat). The treatments comprised of different concentration of multi-micronutrient grade IV (M1- Multi-micronutrient grade IV 0.5%, M2- Multi-micronutrient grade IV 1% and M3- Multi-micronutrient grade IV 1.5%) and different pre harvest bagging (B0 – Control, B1- Newspaper bag, B2- White paper bag, B3- Brown paper bag, B4 – non wooven bag). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with factorial concept with three repetitions. The observations were recorded in four parameters i.e. fruiting, physical, biochemical and orgenoleptic parameters. The multi-micronutrient grade IV 1% exhibited the maximum fruit set (79.92%), minimum fruit drop (20.08%) & maximum fruit retention (59.82%), maximum no. of fruits/tree (321.33), yield (50.90 kg/tree) and maximum fruit length (5.52 cm), diameter (5.68 cm), volume (144.12 cm3ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FERTIGATION LEVELS AND MULCHING ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CHRYSANTHEMUM cv. THAI CHEN QUEEN 3345(JAU JUNAGADH, 2021-08) NAIK PANKTI JAYESHKUMAR; D. L. Varmora; 2020619016The present investigation entitled “Effect of different fertigation levels and mulching on growth, yield and quality of chrysanthemum cv. Thai Chen Queen” was carried out at Madhadi baug, Fruit Research Station, Department of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat). The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept with fifteen treatment combinations, consisting three levels of fertigation i.e. 75 % RDF (F1), 100 % RDF (F2), 125 % RDF (F3) and five different types of mulches i.e. black plastic mulch (M1), silver plastic mulch (M2), white plastic mulch (M3), farm waste mulch (M4) and control (M5). The treatments were repeated three times. Among the various fertigation levels, application of 125 % RDF (F3) resulted maximum plant height (29.60 cm), number of leaves per plant (134.13), number of laterals per plant (10.77), spread of plants N-S direction (26.85 cm) and E-W direction (26.40 cm) at full bloom stage in chrysanthemum. Significantly minimum days for first flower bud appearance (42.73) were found in 125% RDF. Maximum number of flowers per plant (64.79), number of flowers per plot (1050.17) and yield of flower per plot (4.13 kg/plot) were recorded with the application of 125 % RDF (F3). The results unveiled that an application of 125 % RDF (F3) significantly gave largest flower diameter (11.50 cm), maximum flower weight (4.02 g), vase life (7.26 days), dry weight of whole plant (180.73 g) and dry weight of flower (1.49 g) in chrysanthemum. Significantly maximum chlorophyll content (60.64 SPAD) was estimated from chrysanthemum plants treated with 125% RDF. Regarding nutrient status, significantly highest NPK content (2.55 %, 1.42 % and 1.27%, respectively), uptake of NPK (460.86 g/plant, 256.63 g/plant and 229.52 g/plant, respectively), available N, P2O5 and K2O in soil (256 kg/ha, 50.92 kg/ ha, 363 kg/ha, respectively) was recorded with the application of 125 % RDF (F3). Application of black mulch (M1) in chrysanthemum plants significantly increased vegetative growth with respect to plant height (31.22 cm), highest number of leaves per plant (134.44), highest number of laterals per plant (10.87) and spread of plant in N-S direction (27.08 cm) and E-W direction (27.48 cm) at full bloom stage. Minimum days for first flower bud appearance (41.56) and for 50% flowering (79.44) were found in black plastic mulch (M1). Black plastic mulch (M1) significantly gave maximum number of flowers per plant (72.11), number of flowers per plot (1137.15) and yield of flower per plot (3.80 kg/plot). Highest flower weight (3.70 g), vase life (7.59 days), dry weight of whole plant (218.73 g) and dry weight of flower (1.51 g) was found significant with black plastic mulch (M1) in chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum plants treated with black plastic mulch (M1) had significantly recorded highest nitrogen content in plants (2.75%) and higher NPK uptake (601.50 g/plant, 306.22 g/plant and 271.22 g/plant, respectively). However, maximum chlorophyll content (62.47 SPAD) was found in chrysanthemum plants treated with black plastic mulch (M1). Combined application of 125 % RDF with black plastic mulch (F3M1) significantly increased number of flowers per plant (82), number of flowers per plot (1378.67) and yield of flowers per plot (4.94 kg/plot) in chrysanthemum. From the result of the present experiment, it can be concluded that the application of 125 % RDF through fertigation with the application of black plastic mulch enhanced all growth, yield and flowering parameters in chrysanthemum. The same treatment was also resulted in the highest net return (Rs.220094/ha) and BCR (1.92) and thus economically found best for production of chrysanthemum flowers.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SPACING AND ROW SYSTEM ON MARIGOLD (Tagetes erecta L.) CV. LOCAL 3344(JAU JUNAGADH, 2021-09) GOJIYA BIPIN KARSHANBHAI; Dr. D. K. Varu; GOJIYA BIPIN KARSHANBHAIThe field experiment entitled “Effect of different spacing and row system on marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Local was carried out during September 2020 to February 2021. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design comprising with two factor and control. Factor A has six spacing which are 30 X 30 X 60 cm (S1), 30 X 45 X 60 cm (S2), 30 X 45 X 90 cm (S3), 45 X 50 X 90 cm (S4), 50 X 50 X 100 cm (S5) and 50 X 60 X 100 cm (S6). Factor B has two row system (M1), which was paired row and triple row system (M1). The result of experiment revealed that among the spacing, the spacing of 30 X 30 X 60 cm (S1) was recorded maximum plant height, fresh weight of plant, survival percentage, day to 50 percent flowering, flower yield per plot, flower yield per hectare and vase life of flower. Dry weight of plant and flower yield per plant was recorded maximum in spacing of 45 X 50 X 90 cm (S4) Spacing 50 X 60 X 100 cm (S6) was recorded maximum in number of branches per plant, plant spread and number of flower per plant. Among the row system, paired row system recorded highest flower yield per plant, flower yield per hectare as well as vase life of flower and triple row was recorded in highest flower yield per plot. The treatment combination of spacing 30 X 30 X 60 cm with triple row (S1M2) was recorded maximum fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant, 50 percent flowering, flower yield per plot and flower yield per hectare. Whereas, spacing 30 X 30 X 60 cm with double row (S1M1) has recorded maximum survival percentage and vase life of flower. Rest of treatment recorded maximum as compare to control in plant height, number of branches per plant, plant spread, dry weight of plant, flower yield per plot and flower yield per hectare. The worked out economic revealed that the maximum B:C ratio was obtained in the spacing of 30 X 30 X 60 cm with double row (S1M1). On the basis of result obtained in the present investigation, it is concluded that the planting of paired row system with spacing of 30 X 30 X 60 cm in marigold cv. Local gave highest yield of flower, early flowering and higher net realizatio
