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2016 - 20193
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Subject: Seed Science and Technology ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of fungicide and PGR on seed quality parameters of aged Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds.
    (Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Naini Agricultural Institute Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences Prayagraj-211007, 2019) Pranay, Anshu; Bara, Dr. Bineeta M.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF INDUCED MUTAGENESIS ON YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS AND SEED QUALITY PARAMETERS IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING NAINI AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES ALLAHABAD-211007, 2018) Bara, Miss Bineeta Michael; Chaurasia, Dr A. K.
    One widely adopted chickpea cultivar Uday (KPG-59) were induced by dry 00 kR, 05 kR, 10 kR, 15 kR, 20 kR, 25 kR, 30 kR, 35 kR, 40 kR and presoaked 00 kR, 05 kR, 10 kR, 15 kR, 20 kR doses of CO60 gamma rays at 2.2 kR per minute intensity at the National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (Rabi 2010). In M1 generation, gamma rays treated materials were sown in row and column along with control to generate materials for genetic studies on seed quality parameters and to induced genetic variability in the morphological, physiological and yield attributes traits in M2 and M3 generation. In M1 generation, dry 15kR has been showed the maximum germination percent (97.00%) and field emergence (87.10%) and also maximum seedling height at 14th days of sowing (18.20cm) as compared to other dose of gamma rays. Thus it was observed that with increasing in dose rate, seed germination percent and seedling height decreases. Further it was also noticed that minimum pollen sterility was recorded under dry 05kR (7.35%) except controls whereas, in between dry 20kR and 25kR dose of gamma rays was observed that for LD50 (Rabi 2010). In M2 and M3 generation, two separate experiments were conducted to study Macro and Micro mutations. In macro mutation studies in M2 and M3 generations, chlorophyll mutation as well as variation in such as plant height type (dwarf and tall), growth habit type (bushy, compact and prostrate type), leaf type (broad leaved, narrow leaved, trifoliate, reduced number of leaflets and deep serrated leaflets type), flower type (double flower, white/violet flower and non flowering/vegetative type), maturity type (early and late flowering) and pod/seed (bold and small seed type were observed. As regard to chlorophyll mutation, except straita, remaining four kinds of mutations viz. albina, xantha, chlorina and viridis were occurred more frequent at lower doses of dry and presoaked treatment of gamma rays. Other hand in the M2 generation the highest mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were recorded under dry and presoaked 05kR and in M3 generation at dry 15kR respectively. 19 For study of micro mutation, randomly selected 16 plants in M1 generation from each treatment were selected and threshed separately. A trial laid in Compact Family Block Design with three replications. Out of 12 doses of gamma rays, the dry 15kR gamma rays treated seed was found most effective dose to induced mutation in chickpea for economic value such as increase in yield & yield attributes traits and also induced earliness in flowering and maturity. In the present study, dry 15kR treatment showed that maximum genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for number of days to flowering, number of days to maturity, plant height, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pods and 100 seed weight in M2 generation. But in case of M3 generation only number of days to maturity, pods length and 100 seed weight was recorded to maximum GCV under dry 15kR dose of gamma rays. Lower dose of gamma rays (dry and presoaked) were observed the maximum phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) for number of days to flowering, number of days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches/plant, number of seeds/pods and 100 seed weight in both M2 and M3 generations as compared to other doses of gamma rays. The experimental findings indicate that among treatments, dry 15kR showed maximum heritability in broad sense for almost all the characters and genetic advance revealed that it was high at 15kR dry and 05kR dry for number of days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches/plant, number of pod per plant, pod length, number of seeds/pods, 100 seed weight and seed yield/plant in both M2 and M3 generations. Conclusively, mutation breeding techniques especially in chickpea crop, the dry 15kR dose of gamma rays has been found most effective for inducing mutations of economic interest like improvement in yield and yield attributes traits. Based on studied traits and generations, high amount of genetic variability was present for seed yield/plant and plant stand/plot in M2 and M3 generation. The estimated PCV for different characters was higher than GCV. Since selection is generally operated in the field based on phenotypic value, if PCV is high, it means selection based on phenotypic value may be effective in improving the yield as well as yield components traits. Seed yield was positively correlated with plant height, number of primary branches/plant, number of pods/plant, pod length, number of seed/pod, 100 seed weight and plant stand/plot at the genotypic and phenotypic level in M2 generation. Almost similar trend of association of number of primary branches/plant, number of pods/plant, pod length, number of seed/pod,100 seed weight and plant stand/plot with seed yield in M3 generation were observed. So, suggested that top priority should be given to these traits while making selection for improvement of seed yield. In both, M2 and M3 generations showed that maximum positive direct effect on seed yield was contributed mostly by number of primary branches/plant, number of pods/plant, 100 seed weight and plant stand/plot . This suggests true relationship between these traits and seed yield/plant and can be use as direct selection for yield improvement. Simultaneously, the seeds of M1 mutant lines of chickpea were stored at room temperature with 10% moisture content in gunny bags and polythene bags for the 24th months. After tri-monthly intervals 20 stored seeds were evaluated for seed quality parameters. The gradual decrease in the mean value for seed qualitative traits was observed with increase in the radiation intensity and storability whereas, at lower dose of gamma ray (dry and wet) treatment was found superior viz. seed viability, germination percentage, speed of germination, seedling length, vigour index I, vigour index II, seed vigour test and seed vigour index as compared to other doses of gamma rays treatments. With reference to the packaging material, the polythene bag was found to be significantly superior to gunny bag after 24th months of storage in securing, for quality parameters.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Studies on Seed Quality Parameters and Yield Attributing Traits in Induced Population of Wheat (Triticum aestivam L.).”
    (Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHIATS), 2016) Verma, Pankaj Kr.; Chaurasia, Dr. A. K.
    One widely adopted wheat cultivar K-7903 (Halna) were induced by dry 00 kR, 05 kR, 10 kR, 15 kR, 20 kR, 25 kR, 30 kR, 35 kR, 40 kR and presoaked 00 kR, 05 kR, 10 kR, 15 kR, 20 kR doses of CO60 gamma rays at 2.2 kR per minute intensity at the NBRI, Lucknow, In M1generation, gamma rays treated materials were sown through dibbing along with control to generate materials to genetic studies on seed quality parameters and yield and yield attributes traits in M1, M2 and M3 generations. In M1 generation dry 15kR has been showed the maximum germination percent in the both lab (98.00%) and field (86.80%) conditions and seedling height at 14th days of sowing (18.32cm) as compared to other doses of gamma rays. Further, it was also noticed that minimum reproductive sterility was recorded under dry 15kR (10.49%) except the controls whereas, the between dry 30kR to 35kR dose of gamma rays was observed that for LD50. For macro mutation studies in M2 and M3 generations, chlorophyll mutation as well as variation in plant type (dwarf, tall, spreading, early maturity and late maturity), spike type (awn less, long spike, short spike, bent type, branched type and glume coloured ), seed type (bold, small, long, black embryo, shrivilled, deep furrowed and discoloured) were observed. Other hand in the M2 generation the highest mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were recorded under dry 15kR except M3 generation. However, the dry and presoaked 05kR did not shows the those induced mutation. For study of micro mutation, 16 randomly selected pants in M1 generation from each treatments were selected and threshed separately. A trial laid in Compact Family block design with three replications. Out 12 doses of gamma rays, the dry 15kR gamma rays treatment was found most effective dose to induced mutation in wheat for economic value such as increase in yield and yield attributes traits and also induced for earliness in maturity. Application of higher dose of gamma rays like dry 35kR, dry 40kR and presoaked 20kR were found more effective in inducing dwarfness in wheat but comparatively more deleterious than lower doses of gamma rays treatment in creating abnormalities like reproductive abnormality, spikelet sterility and shrivelled seeds etc. In the present study, dry 15kR treatment showed that maximum genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for days to heading, days to maturity, no. of effective tillers/plant, grains/spike, grains per spikletet and yield/plant in M2 generation. But in case of M3 generation only number of effective tillers/plant was recorded to maximum GCV under dry 15kR dose of gamma rays. Higher dose of gamma rays (dry 30kR, 35kR and 40kR) were observed maximum phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) for days to flowering, no. of effective tillers/plant, 100 seed weight and yield/plant in both M2 and M3 generations as compared to other doses of gamma rays. The experimental findings indicated that among treatments the dry 15kR showed maximum heritability in broad sense for days to heading, days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, no. of effective tillers/plant, grains/spike, 100 seed weight and yield/plant except grains per spikelet and genetic advance revealed that it was high for no. of effective tillers/plant, grains/spike and seed yield/plant in both M2 and M3 generations. Conclusively, mutation breeding techniques specially wheat crop, the dry 15kR dose of gamma rays has been found most effective for inducing mutations of economic interest like improvement in yield and yield attributes traits. Based on studied traits and generations the high amount of genetic variability was present for seed yield/plant, no. of effective tillers/plant and plot stand with the maximum genotypic variability observed in M2 than M3 generation. The estimated GCV for different characters was almost the same as that of PCV. Therefore it is evident, that the influence of environment on the expression of these traits was in variably low in the study. In the present study, high heritability in broad sense coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean was recorded for no. of effective tillers/plant and seed yield per plant. This indicates the little influence of environment in expression of these traits and prevalence of additive gene action in their inheritance, hence, are amenable for simple selection. On the other hand, the magnitude of heritability was little higher in M3 generation as compared to M2 generation. Seed yield showed that genetically significant and positively correlated with plant stand, grains/ spike, no. of effective tillers/plant, 100 seed weight, grains/spikelet and plant height at the genotypic level in M2 generation. Almost similar trend of association of no. of effective tillers/plant, grains/ spike, 100 seed weight, plot stand, grains/spikelet and plant height with seed yield in M3 generation were observed. So suggested that top priority should be given to those traits while making selection for improvement of seed yield. Both M2 and M3 generations showed that maximum positive direct effect on seed yield was contributed mostly by no. of effective tillers/plant, 100 seed weight grains/spike. This suggests true relationship between these traits with seed yield /plant and can be direct selection of these traits for yield improvement. The seeds of M1 mutant lines of wheat were stored at room temperature with 10% moisture content in gunny bags and polythene bags for the 24th months. After tri-monthly intervals stored seeds was evaluated for seed quality parameters. The gradual decrease in the mean value for seed qualitative traits was observed with increase in the radiation intensity and storability whereas, gamma ray 20kR dry treatment was found superior viz. seed viability, germination percentage, speed of germination, seedling length, vigour index length and vigour index mass to as compared to other gamma rays treatments. With reference to the packaging material, the polythene bag was found to be significantly superior to gunny bag after 24th months of storage in securing for quality parameters. Other hand storage fungi, the highest increase of fungal population was observed of Aspergillus spp. such as in order of Aspergillus spp.> Fusarium spp.> Penicillium spp.