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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Irrigation Levels and Intervals on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Groundnut (Arachis(hypogaea L.) Cultivars under Drip System(College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, 2020) MAHENDRA KUMAR ROJH; Dr. S.R. BhuniaOilseeds occupy an important place in the Indian economy andcontribute about 6 per cent to the gross national product and 9 per centof the value of all agricultural commodities. Groundnut (Arachishypogaea L.) is an annual legume as well as oilseed crop and is amember of the sub–family papilionaceae of the family Leguminosae. Itis an important oilseed crop of India, popularly known as peanut,earthnut, monkeynut and locally called as “moongphali”. It is world’slargest source of edible oil and 4 th most important oil seed crop of theworld. Groundnut seed (kernel) contains 44–50 per cent oil, 44-56 percent fat, 26 per cent protein and 10-20 per cent carbohydrate. Thecountry ranks second in the groundnut production and Gujarat ranksfirst in India. Groundnut occupies first position among all oilseeds inregard to both area and production in India. It accounts about 22 percent area (5.95 m ha.) and 24 per cent of production of India or of oilseed (7.07mt) with the productivity of 1268 kg ha -1 (Anonymous,2017a). In Rajasthan, groundnut is cultivated mainly in north-westernregion covering the districts of Bikaner, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Nagaur andSikar. The total area of groundnut in Rajasthan is 5.90 lakh ha. withtotal production of 14.05 lakh tons with productivity of 2380 kg ha -1(Anonymous, 2017b). Groundnut cake contains 45-60% protein, 22-30% carbohydrate, 3.8-7.5 % crude fibre, 7 to 8 % N, 1.5 % P 2 O 5 and 1.2% K 2 O (Desai, et al. 1999) and can be used as manure. It has beenenvisaged that with the establishment of better irrigation facilities (IndraGandhi Nahar Project and tube well) in north-western Rajasthan, thereis a tremendous scope to increase area under this crop.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY AND ITS EFFECT ON SOIL PROPERTIES IN BALI AND DESURI TEHSILS OF PALI DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN(College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, 2021) CHINTU CHANWLA; Ranjeet SinghWater resources have been historically regarded as essential for a good agricultural output and adequate food supply for the people. All ancient civilization that has prospered developed successful water resources management schemes. Water resources for agriculture and food production are classified as either surface or ground water. In humid climates surface water is the main sources for irrigation systems. Under sub humid and arid conditions ground water is the major water resources for agriculture and food production. Ground water is an important resource for many developed countries including Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and the entire near east region. Dependence on ground water supplies has reached about 35 per cent in Bangladesh, 32 per cent in India, 30 per cent in Pakistan and 11 per cent in China.ThesisItem Open Access Response of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) to Irrigation Levels and Crop Geometry Grown under Drip System(College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, 2021) BHARTI DEVI; S.R. BhuniaA spice is plant substance in origin, primarily derived from various parts of the plant such as dried seed, fruit, root, bark and vegetative substances used in flavouring, seasoning and imparting aroma in variety of food items and beverages. Use of spices is increasing worldwide as these are completely natural, rather than artificial additives, used for seasoning and flavouring of foods. Thus, there is an increasing trend in export of spices in the last few decades particularly to Asian, Latin American and Middle East developing countries. According to the Spices Board of India, 52 spices are being grown in the country. Share of spices in total agriculture export of India is around 6 per cent of India’s share in world spice trade which is 45 to 50 per cent by volume and 25-30 per cent by value (Peter et al., 2006). Seed spices enhance or impart flavour in foods. The seed spices, besides being important from home consumption point of view, are gaining importance as medicinal herbs.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of Solar Powered Water Pumping System in Bikaner District of Rajasthan(College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, 2021) ANNU; MANMEET KAURThe primary energy consumption in India is the third biggest country after china and USA with 5.8 per cent global share in 2019. The total primary energy consumption from crude fiber oil (239.1 million tons of oil equivalent [mtoe], 29.55%), natural gas (49.9 mtoe, 6.17%), coal (452.2 mtoe, 55.88%), nuclear energy (8.8 mtoe, 1.09%), hydroelectricity (31.6 mtoe, 3.91%) and renewable power (27.5 mtoe, 3.40%) is 809.2 mtoe (excluding traditional biomass use) in the calendar year 2018. In 2017, Indians net imports are nearly 205.3 million tons of crude oil and its products, 26.3 mtoe of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) and 141.7 mtoe coal totaling to 337.3 mtoe of primary energy which is equal to 46.13 per cent of total primary energy consumption (Anonymous, 2021).ThesisItem Open Access Response of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Cultivars to Irrigation Levels under Drip System in Western Region of Rajasthan(College of Agriculture, Bikaner Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, 2020) Amaratpal Singh; R. K. NaroliaThe Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is an important seed spice in India mainly grown in rabi season. Fennel belongs to family Apiaceae. Foeniculum is diploid having 2n=22 chromosomes. It is a native of Southern Europe and Mediterranean. Later it spread to the far East and North in Europe. To the ancient Greeks, fennel represented success and so it was called “Marathon” in reference to the battle, fought in fennel field where the Greeks defeated the Persians in 490 B.C. During the thirteenth century in England, fennel was considered as a royal spice and was served to kings with fruits. The most common Indian name is ‘Saunf’ and there are many popular regional names. It is widely cultivated throughout the temperate and subtropical regions of the world and major growing countries are Romania, Russia, Germany, France, Italy, India, Argentina and USA. Major fennel producing states in India are Gujarat, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Maharashtra, U.P., Punjab and Bihar. (Lal et al. 2014)ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Irrigation and Sulphur Levels on Growth, Yield and Quality of Knol-khol (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) in Western Arid Region of Rajasthan(College of Agriculture, Bikaner Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, 2022) Ajay Singh; R. K. NaroliaKnol-khol (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) is a winter season crop, originated from the coastal countries of Mediterranean region. The stem swells and stores edible food material specially starch and sugars. Knol-khol is characterized by formation of knob (tuber) which arises from thickening of the stem tissue above the cotyledon. The stem develops entirely above ground, which is edible and vary delicate in flavor and texture. Among cole crops, it is comparatively hard and short duration crops. The formation of knob is best seen at the temperature range of 15-18oC. The knol-khol contain protein 1.1 g, calcium 20 mg, iron 0.4 mg vitamin –A 36 IU and other minerals 0.7 mg per 100 g of edible portion it also contain thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid and ascorbic acid. The knob is harvested for human consumption either as raw or cooked. When eaten raw it gives sweetish taste with slight aroma. The knob is generally used as cooked vegetable. It is also utilized for making salad and pickles (Chadha, 2013).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Irrigation and Sulphur Levels on Growth, Yield and Quality of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Grown under Drip System in Western Rajasthan(College of Agriculture, Bikaner Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, 2021) Aakanksha Sharma; R. K. NaroliaRadish (Raphanus sativus L.) is one of the popular rabi season root crops and widely cultivated for its excellent nutritive and medicinal values. It belongs to family Cruciferae with chromosome number 2n=18. Being a cool season crop, radish is sown in winter from September to January in northern plains. It is easily grown between the rows with other vegetable like a companion crop or intercrop. It is most suitable for raising in kitchen garden or home garden. Radish is a quick growing and short duration crop. This is the vegetable of both tropical and temperate regions of the world, widely cultivated for its root, tender leaves and green shoots (Alam et al. 2010). Radish is eaten raw as salad or as cooked vegetable. The leaves of radish are good for protein extraction and its seeds are good source of nondrying fatty oil desired for soap devising, illuminating and eatable purposes. Its consumption prevent from constipation, increase appetite and utile for jaundice, liver disorders etc. (Brintha and Seran, 2009).The leaves of radish are also cooked as vegetable. Radish is rich in glucosinolate contents and diverse amino acids (Xie et al. 2018). Glucosinolates of the Brassicaceae family vegetables have been associated with a reduced cancers risks of the lung, pancreas, stomach, prostate, breast, colon and rectum (Herr and Buchler, 2010).The 100 g of edible roots contain 93.7 per cent water, 4.2 per cent carbohydrates and 1.1 per cent fat. The radish leaves are rich in minerals, vitamin A (5 IU) and vitamin C (15 mg) and roots are rich in potassium (138 mg) and calcium (50 mg) (Baksh et al. 2006). The edible part of radish is modified root (Fusiform) which develops from both primary root and hypocotyls and differ in color from white to red. The pungency in radish is due to the presence of volatile isothiocyanates.
