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ThesisItem Open Access Early child care practices adopted by the parents(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2021-12-06) Nawal Mohammed Chause; Bhalerao, VeenaOne hundred and fifty urban and rural families having young children in age group of 2-6 years were selected from five colonies of Parbhani town and five villages from five talukas of Parbhani district (MS) for studying ‘Early Child Care Practices Adopted by the Parents’. The data pertaining to the study were collected by personally interviewing the urban and rural parents of children based on structured and open ended interview schedule cum checklist and also by using the socio-economic status scale. The study revealed that, the majority of the mothers were involved in personal grooming of children irrespective of area. Majority i.e 81 percent of urban mothers and also fathers to some extent were found to be involved in activities like serving breakfast, supervising child while feeding etc. than counterpart rural parents. A higher proportion of urban parents (64%) reported to provide a cup of milk to their young children just before going to bed. Whereas more proportion of rural children included bakery products in their diet (64%) than the urban children (40%). Almost all parents were found to be concerned for their sick children, attended them for care and also provided comforts. Almost all parents followed the immunization schedule for their children for various vaccines like BCG, Hepatitis B, MMR, Polio, DPT and Vitamin A. Irrespective of area, very large proportion of mothers were observed to be involved in activities related to hygiene practices of children. Significant differences were noticed among parents in giving toilet training at different ages to their children. Comparatively majority of the urban children were assessed in normal range of growth (90-110%), however significant proportion of rural children were found to have grade II malnutrition. With respect to disciplining the children, urban fathers and rural mothers were found to be more concerned and involved in disciplining them. A higher percentage of urban parents (77%) were often seen to be involved in maintenance of clothes as well as in providing comfortable clothes to children. Significant differences were noticed in provision of various play materials to the children by urban and rural parents. Similarly majority of the urban parents go for outings along with children (100%), show them cartoons shows on TV (84%) and video songs on cell phone (79%). A large majority of urban mothers reported to be involved in their children’s educational & developmental activities whereas almost all parents (100%) reported that they allow their children for free play. A higher proportion of urban parents (91%) reported that they provided educational materials for cognitive & communication activities of children. In rural area, a higher percentage of families (84%) had enough outdoor space for child’s free play and safe from child’s point of view (77%) also they expressed that they never discuss child’s negative aspects in front of him (89%). Majority of urban parents reported that they involved in teaching children to sing songs (84%), narrate stories (84%) and encourage them to learn numbers (81%) as well as to revise preschool activities (79%). Irrespective of area, the respondents’ SES and maternal education and maternal involvement in child care were seen to be positively correlated. Also SES, parental educational level and children attending preschool found to be significantly correlated to provision of quality home environment as well as provision of educational play materials to the children.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of ground water quality from ausa tahsil of latur district(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2021-08-11) Asati, Nupur Prabhudayal; Indulkar, B.S.The present study carried out entitled an “Assessment of groundwater quality from Ausa tahsil of Latur district” during 2021. Total one hundred water samples from twenty villages and five samples from each village were collected from Ausa tahsil. The parameter like pH, electrical conductivity, cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+), anions (CO3-, HCO3- and Cl-). Irrigation water quality parameter like SAR and RSC were computed to assess the irrigation water quality of groundwater. Furthermore graphical representation diagram such as USSL has been prepared for irrigation water quality. The result obtained from investigation revealed that all irrigation water samples from Ausa tahsil were alkaline in reaction and having average pH value of open and tube well were 7.73 and 7.68 respectively, average EC of this irrigation water were 0.66 dSm-1 and 0.74 dSm-1. Where 64.58 per cent and 59.61 per cent of 48 open well and 52 tube well water samples falls in C2 class, while 35.2 per cent and 38.46 per cent of open well and tube well water categorized in C3 class. Among all cations Mg2+ was dominant in water followed by Ca2+, Na+ and K+. The relative proportion of anions were in the sequence of Cl- > HCO3- > CO3-. Chemical properties of groundwater were influenced by natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic activities. From the computation of SAR and RSC values, it was found that 100 per cent of groundwater samples were found to be suitable for irrigation purpose. Besides USSL diagrams show that the samples are safe for irrigation usage. Overall the analytical data of groundwater in the study area indicates that groundwater was suitable for irrigation purpose. Considering overall results, the concentration of EC, cations (Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) and anions (HCO3- and Cl-) in tube well were higher as compare to open well water. The electrical conductivity was strongly highly positive significant with Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, HCO3- and Cl- in tube well as compare to open well (except potassium). Thus, it can be concluded that open well water was suitable for irrigation as compare to tube well water for crop production.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of drought responses of chilli [capsicum annum L.] genotypes by using modern plant phenomics tools(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2019-05-31) Babar, Rohit Rajiv; Waghmare, G.M.Although the Global temperature has increased, it is expected to increase further in the next century. The annual daily maximum temperatures are projected to increase at the rate of 30C by mid-21st century and about 50C by the late 21st century. This would result in a more recurrent and extreme drought events in many parts of the world. To face this problem, there is a great need to identify the different genotypes which can withstand drought stress and yield sustainably (Annex, I, 2012; Sherwood et al., 2013). Hence the present investigation was undertaken to study the performance of different chilli genotypes under depleting soil moisture conditions which occurs during drought. Above experiment was set in pots and the evaluation of genotypes was done by adopting conventional as well as modern image based approaches. Eight genotypes viz., Parbhani Tejas, Parbhani Mirchi, Phule Jyoti, Jayanti, Hirkani, Arka Lohit, Arka Suphal and Local Genotype were sown in a pots with three stress treatments viz., non-stress (control), stress at flowering and stress at fruit development, with two replications. In addition to this, same genotypes were used to study the influence of depleting soil moisture level on shoot traits. Present investigation was conducted at National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management (18° 09’ 30.62’’N; 74° 30’ 03.08’’E; MSL 570m), Malegaon (Baramati), Dist.- Pune during Rabi season of 2018. Observations were recorded on growth, leaf, physiological, phenological, fruit, yield and quality parameters. Along with all these parameters, plants responses also captured through different imaging systems by employing plant phenomics facility. Results showed that drought stress imposed at flowering and fruit development stage; adversely affected growth and physiological processes of plants of all genotypes which resulted in decreased commercial yield. Drought stress imposed at flowering stage was found to be the most effective on restricting the growth and inducing major flower drop, which was ultimately resulted into decreased yield as compared to yield under non-stress condition. However, plants which were subjected to drought stress at stage of fruit development produced fruits of shortest length and having less fruit weight with more pungency while these fruits had low ascorbic acid content. Physiological parameters were significantly affected by stress imposed at both growth stages. Physiological traits like RWC, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance, NDVI, SPAD index were sustainably less under stress conditions; however, canopy temperature and proline content were relatively high as compared those under non stress conditions. This negative impact on physiological parameters can be used as an indicator of magnitude of stress and as predictor of yield potential of genotypes under stressed conditions. From the recorded observations, it is evident that the genotype – Parbhani Mirchi was less influenced under drought stress as compared to other genotypes. Parbhani Mirchi was found to be the tallest genotype and could maintain physiological status even under stress conditions. Image based parameters also revealed that Parbhani Mirchi was less affected under depleted soil moisture conditions. Shoot architecture of plants were studied by visible images however tissue water level of genotypes were interpreted from NIR images. Shoot architecture of plants were studied by interpreting the data generated from parameters like area, caliper length and digital volume. Image based data revealed that Parbhani Mirchi was more efficient in maintaining its shoot architecture even under stressed conditions as compared to other genotypes. Parabhni Mirchi also preserved its tissue water level under stressed condition. Parbhani Mirchi showed higher shoot dry weight and biomass under both control and stressed conditions as revealed by conventional and phenomics methods. Hence, it may be concluded that, Parbhani Mirchi was the most promising among selected eight genotypes. Overall, from the present study it is evident that Parbhani Mirchi has outstanding performance among all the eight genotypes tested. Therefore the genotype can be considered suitable for sustainable cultivation of chilli crop in water stress-prone areas of the country. This experiment was carried out for only one time hence to make any standard recommendations, same trial should be repeated. Additionally the genotype also appears suitable as parent in breeding experiments that are targeted towards stress tolerance and yield improvement in chilli.ThesisItem Open Access Survey for selection of local elite types of Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) in Nanded district(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2010-05-20) Nikumbh, Rahul Arjun; Chavan, S. D.The present investigation “Survey for selection of elite types of jamun (Syzygium Cumini L.) in Nanded districts” aimed to locate superior type of jamun by selection was undertaken in Nanded district of Marathwada region. During 2009-10. In Nanded district 50 locations were visited through 32 villages and 50 types were collected. Before undertaking survey work, information about popular or promising jamun types available at various places was collected from growers. In jamun while conducting the selection programme due consideration should be given fruit characters namely weight of fruit, weight of pulp, size of fruit, pulp to seed ratio. The present survey work study indicated that the types ND-4, ND-9, ND-7, ND-34 were found promising. Also it has been found that the performance of these types showed some superiorness with regards to many characters than the other types. It is indicated that these promising types should be collected and studied further for the improvement of local jamun.ThesisItem Open Access Economics of production and marketing of inland fishery in Marathwada region(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2012-05-16) Randive, Nitin Sambhaji; Asmatoddin, Md.India is the third largest producer of fish and second largest producer of inland fish in the world. Fisheries sector occupies a very important place in the socio-economic development of the country. In Maharashtra, the total fish production both marine and fresh water fisheries was 1.20 lakh tonnes in 1960-1961, 2.10 lakh tonnes in 1971-72 and 3.57 lakh tonnes in 1979-84 4.10 lakh tonnes in 1991-92 and 4.38 lakh tonnes in 1993- 94 and 5.37 lakh MT out of which 1.23 lakh MX produced from fresh water in 2009-10. Share of fish production in agriculture GDP of Maharashtra during 2009- 10 was 2.1 per cent (Anonymous, 2009). Multistage sampling design was used. In Marathwada region Parbhani district was selected. The information pertaining to the objective was collected from 60 samples of fish farmers. The data collected by the survey method for the year 2010-11 in pre-tested schedules designed especially for this study. Analytical tools used as Simple tabular analysis was carried to estimate per farm and hectare cost of production of fish and crops, gross returns and net returns, benefit cost ratio, employment pattern, etc. The total per hectare establishment cost of fish pond at overall level was worked out to the tune of Rs. 403028. Total cost of production per hectare was worked out to Rs. 411190.The gross returns obtained from fish farming were Rs. 920815 with the net returns of Rs. 509310 per hectare. Large producers earned highest total returns per farm and per hectare, followed by small producers. Fish production can be a profitable enterprise with benefit cost ratio of 2.24. The fisherman-consumer channel was more popular among all the fish growers of different categories and in this price per kg of fish received by them was more than any other channels. The share of Catla (42 per cent) to the stocking rate was highest followed by Rohu (30.21 per cent) and Mrigal (27.69per cent). With the fish farming cropping intensity was increased by 22 per cent, Due to availability of irrigation water the crop income increased by Rs. 22070.With fish farming the income of the farmer increased by Rs. 139406. The per 10 kg price paid by the consumer in the channels -I, II, III, and IV was worked out to be Rs. 1000, Rs.1200, Rs.1250, and Rs.1360 respectively. Efficiency of marketing in sale of fish was highest in the channel-I(7.69 per cent) and lowest in channel-IV(2.00 per cent), Non-availability labour in time major problem faced by the fish growers, followed by non-availability of required breed of fingerlings at required place and time, Non-availability of required feed, lack of training facilities at suitable places, lack of finance. Lack of cold storage, refrigerated vehicle facilities and good road for quick market, lack of technical knowledge, and high mortality of fish were the major problems faced by the fish growers.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different dates of sowing and spacings on growth and yield of cluster bean (Cyamposis tetragonoloba L. Taub)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 1984) Shevgan, Yogiraj Kisansing; Rajput, S. G.
