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ThesisItem Open Access Adoption of improved practices for control measures of oily spot disease by the pomegranate growers(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2013-05-27) Adsul, Ganesh Balkrishna; Khalge, M. I.Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a multipurpose fruit. Recommended practices i.e. plant protection measures is an important tool in effective oily spot disease management of pomegranate. However, it is generally observed that pomegranate growers do not adopt plant protection measures on large scale. Looking to this fact, the present study was conducted in six tahsils from Latur and Osmanabad district of Marathwada region of Maharashtra. From these 120 farmers were selected on the basis of intensity of disease infestation. The present study was carried out to know the personal and socioeconomic characteristics. The main objectives of the study or research were to study the personal socioeconomic characteristics of pomegranate growers, to ascertain the extent of adoption of pomegranate growers about improved practices for control measures of oily spot disease on pomegranate , find out the relationship of personal characteristics of pomegranate growers with their extent of adoption of improved practices i.e. plant protection measures and study the constraints faced by pomegranate growers and their suggestions given by the pomegranate growers. The data were collected by interviewing 120 pomegranate growers with the help of well designed and pre tested schedules. The collected data was processed through primary and secondary tables and were statistically analyzed. The data was presented by using simple mean and percentage , standard deviation, Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation a and multiple regression were used for finding out the association between selected independent and dependent variables. The study revealed that the majority of pomegranate growers having medium level of farming experience, having secondary school education and higher secondary school level education, had big size of land holding and medium level of area under pomegranate, had medium size of family and annual income between 1,50,001 /- to 3,00,000/- Majority of pomegranate had medium sources of information , had medium level of extension contact, medium level of economic motivation, medium level of risk orientation, medium level of market orientation and medium level of knowledge about improved practices. It was observed that the majority of the pomegranate growers had medium level of adoption of improved practices for control measures of oily spot disease of pomegranate. Study revealed that with increased levels of farming experience, education, land holding, area under pomegranate, family size, annual income, source of information, extension contact, economic motivation, risk orientation, market orientation and level of knowledge then adoption of improved practices for control measures of oily spot disease on pomegranate also increased. The important constraints reported by most of the pomegranate growers were supply of input constraints, economical constraints, technological constraints, extension constraints and market constraints. The important suggestions made by the pomegranate growers adequate provision of improved varieties , plant protection measures and fertilizers in time and at cheaper rate, extending facility of crop insurance for pomegranate orchard.ThesisItem Open Access Socio-economic impact of national horticulture mission on its beneficiaries in Marathwada region(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2016-05-30) Adsul, Ganesh Balkrishna; Kadam, R. P.Considering the importance of horticulture in India and also need to find out the attitude of beneficiaries towards National Horticulture Mission and availed benefits to the beneficiaries undo- the NHM programme, die present study entitled “Socio-economic impact of National Horticulture Mission on its beneficiaries in Marathwada region” was conducted. The present study was conducted purposively in Jalna and Nanded district of the Marathwada region of Maharashtra state during die year 2015-16, from these two districts six tahsils were selected purposively. With irrespective of villages list of beneficiaries of NHM scheme was collected from SAO office, Department of Agriculture of Jalna and Nanded district From these NHM beneficiaries list of 240 NHM beneficiaries was selected randomly from selected six talukas of Jalna and Nanded districts. Ex-post facto research design was adopted in this study. The data were collected with the help of pretested interview schedule. The statistical methods and tests such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, co-efficient of correlation, multiple regressions, Z test aid path analysis were used for the analysis of data. It was found that, majority (7125%) of the NHM beneficiaries were middle aged, 30.00 per cent educated up to primary school level, more than half (5334 %) of them having medium family size and 45.83 per cent of them having small land holding. It was observed that, majority (88.75%) of them having medium area under horticulture crop, 37.09 per cent of them having tube well as source of irrigation, majority (76.25%) of them having farming + business occupation, majority (80.83%) of them having medium annual income, more than half (53.33%) of them having medium social participation, 65.83 per cent of them having medium source of information, 69.58 per cart of them having medium level of extension contact, 61.66 per cent of them having medium attitude and 70.41 per cent of them having medium level of economic motivation. Normalized Rank Approach by Guilford J.P. (1954) was used to develop and standardize a scale for measuring socio-economic impact of National Horticulture Mission on its beneficiaries. It was observed that, majority (73.75%) of NHM beneficiaries had medium educational change before adoption of NHM scheme, after adoption of NHM, majority (6834%) of NHM beneficiaries had high educational change category. The mean educational change scores of before and after adoption of NHM scheme differed significantly with ‘Z’ value (3.478) at 1 per cent level of probability implying that there was an improvement in the education of children of beneficiaries of NHM due to adoption of NHM scheme. It was observed that, before adoption of NHM scheme, majority (71.66%) of NHM beneficiaries had medium occupational change category, after adoption of NHM scheme, majority (64,88%) of beneficiaries of NHM in medium had high occupational change category. The mean occupational change scores of before and after adoption of NHM scheme differed significantly with ‘Z’ value (3.829) at 1 per cent level of probability implying that there was an improvement in the occupation of beneficiaries of NHM due to adoption of NHM scheme. It was observed that, before adoption of NHM scheme, majority (75.00%) of NHM beneficiaries had medium annual income change category, after adoption of NHM scheme, majority (69.17%) of NHM beneficiaries had high annual income change category. The mean annual income change scores of before and after adoption of NHM scheme differed significantly with ‘Z’ value (2.930) at 1 per cent level of probability implying that there was an improvement in the annual income of beneficiaries of NHM due to adoption of NHM scheme. It was observed that, before adoption of NHM scheme, majority (70.41%) of NHM beneficiaries had mprfinm saving pattern change category, after adoption of NHM scheme, majority (65.83%) of NHM beneficiaries had high saving pattern change category. The mean saving pattern change scores of before and after adoption of NHM scheme differed significantly with ‘Z’ value (2.581) at 1 per cent level of probability implying that there was an improvement in the savings of beneficiaries of NHM due to adoption of NHM scheme. It was observed from that, majority (76.67%) of NHM beneficiaries had medium level of expenditure change, after adoption of NHM scheme, majority (63.33%) of NHM beneficiaries had high level of expenditure change. The mean expenditure change scores of before and after adoption ofNHM scheme differed significantly with ‘Z’ value (4210) at 1 per cent level of probability implying that there was an improvement in the expenditure of beneficiaries ofNHM due to adoption ofNHM scheme. It was observed that, majority (74.58%) ofNHM beneficiaries had medium level of material possession change, after adoption ofNHM scheme, more than half (59.58%) of NHM beneficiaries had high level of material possession change. The mean material possession change scores of before and after adoption of NHM scheme differed significantly with ‘Z’ value (3.168) at 1 per cent level of probability implying that there was an improvement in the material possession of beneficiaries of NHM due to adoption of NHM scheme. It was observed that, majority (67.92%) of NHM beneficiaries had medium level of socio-political participation change, after adoption of NHM scheme, more than half (55.00%) ofNHM beneficiaries had high level of socio-political participation change. The mean sociopolitical participation change scores of before and after adoption ofNHM scheme differed significantly with ‘Z’ value (2295) at 5 per cent level of probability implying that there was an improvement in the socio-political participation of beneficiaries ofNHM due to adoption ofNHM scheme. It was observed that, majority (80.84%) ofNHM beneficiaries had medium level of employment generation change, after adoption ofNHM scheme, more than half (62.50%) of NHM beneficiaries had high level of employment generation change. The mean employment generations change scores of before and after adoption ofNHM scheme differed significantly with ‘Z’ value (2.622) at 1 per cent level of probability implying that there was an improvement in the employment generation of beneficiaries ofNHM due to adoption ofNHM scheme. It was observed that, majority (70.41%) NHM beneficiaries had medium level of overall impact ofNHM. Thus, it is concluded that a majority of the beneficiaries ofNHM scheme had medium level of impact ofNHM scheme on its beneficiaries. In relation analysis, it was observed from that the independents variables namely education, land holding, area under horticulture crop, occupation, annual income, social participation, sources of information, extension contact and attitude were positively and significantly related with overall impact ofNHM scheme. However, age, family size, source of irrigation and economic motivation could not establish any relationship with overall impact ofNHM scheme. It was found that co-efficient of determination (R2) of the independent variables was 0.714. It means that 71.40 per cent of total variation in the overall impact ofNHM on its beneficiaries was explained by the selected 13 independent variables. The unexplained variation may be due to the factors not included in the study. In relation to the path analysis it was found that attitude, education, social participation sources of information were the important variables in absence of which, independent variables arc not able to influence the overall impact ofNHM on its beneficiaries. From the study it was found that, 85.42 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that unavailability of guaranteed and improved varieties of fruits or vegetables and its rank I, 8125 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that non-availability of skilled labour and its rank D, 70.83 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that non-availability of plant protection measures in time and its rank IQ, 68.75 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that non- availability of sufficient irrigation for orchards and its rank IV, 61.67 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that unavailability of spraying equipments and it ranks V, 52.08 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that unavailability of fertilizers and compost for orchards in time and its rank VI was reported as input supply constraints, majority (90.83%) of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that more cost of plant protection measures and fertilizers for orchards and its rank I, 87.50 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that high rate of inputs and its rank II, 72.50 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that lack of capital for orchards and its rank m, 67.50 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that inaHi»qiiatfi supply of loan from cooperative society for orchards and its rank IV were foe major constraints reported as economical constraints, 75.00 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that lack of knowledge about pests and diseases in fruit oops and its rank 1,5625 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that lack of knowledge about NHM scheme and its rank II, 47.91 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that lack of knowledge about receiving benefits from NHM scheme and its rank IQ, 43.75 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that lack of knowledge about recommended spacing in fruit crops and its rank IV were the major constraints reported as technological constraints, 77.08 per cent of foe NHM beneficiaries reported that result and method demonstration regarding horticulture management practices are not conducted on fields and its rank I, 60.42 per cent of the NHM beneficiaries reported that visits of the extension personnel is not in time and its rank n, 54.17 per cent of the NHM beneficiaries reported that extension personnel do not disseminate information about plant protection measures and its rank HI, 45.41 per cent of the NHM beneficiaries reported that audio-visual aids for training purpose regarding horticulture management practices are not used by extension workers and its rank IV, 37.50 per cent of the NHM beneficiaries reported that availability of literature for cultivation of orchards is not in local language and its rank V were major the major constraints reported as extension constraints, majority (95.83%) of the NHM beneficiaries reported that middle man take more commission and its rank I, 92.92 per cent of the NHM beneficiaries reported that more cost of packaging of fruits and its rank n, 89.58 per cent of the NHM beneficiaries reported that fluctuation in the prices of fruits and its rank m, 85.42 per cent of die NHM beneficiaries reported that the rates are not according to the grades of the fruits and its rank IV, 79.17 par cent of the NHM beneficiaries reported that only ‘A’ grade fruits are accepted for export purposes and its rank V were major the major constraints reported as marketing constraints by NHM beneficiaries in adoption of NHM scheme. In context to the important suggestions given by the NHM beneficiaries, it was observed that, large majority (95.83%) of file NHM beneficiaries were suggested that providing knowledge of improved varieties, plant protection measures and pruning practices which rank I, 93.73 per cent of the NHM beneficiaries were suggested that loan for orchards and subsidy under NHM scheme should be available in time which rank n, 90.83 per cent of the NHM beneficiaries were suggested that disease resistant varieties of fruits/vegetables should be made available which rank EH. It was observed that, majority (89.58%) of the NHM beneficiaries were suggested that extending limit of crop insurance for orchards which rank TV, 87.50 per cent of file NHM beneficiaries were suggested that seedlings or grafts for fruits/vegetables cultivations should be made available in time with reasonable price which rank V, 87.50 per cent of the NHM beneficiaries were suggested that cooperative organization should be established for marketing of fruits/vegetables which rank VI, 86.67 per cent of the NHM beneficiaries were suggested that plant protection measures should be available in time at reasonable rate which rank VII. It was observed that 85.41 per cent of the NHM beneficiaries were suggested that training regarding horticulture management practices should be conducted at the KVK centers by expert which rank Vm, 82.50 per cent of the NHM beneficiaries were suggested that result and method demonstration for improved fruits cultivation should be conducted regularly which rank IX, 81.25 per cent of the NHM beneficiaries were suggested that literature should be available in local language which rank X.