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ThesisItem Open Access Development of improved propagation technique to accelerate establishment of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) orchards(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-10-07) Jadhav, Abhijit Ravso; Waghmare, G.M.Climate change, along with a slew of abiotic and biotic stress, poses a major danger to global agriculture fruit crops development. It is expected variable weather situations, posing a significant challenge in ensuring food production and plant propagation. Plant proliferation mainly changes in different growing conditions and soils with growth hormones. This study was conducted on “Development of improved propagation technique to accelerate establishment of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) orchards” at ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, (Pune) India during the year 2019-20 and 2020-21 to determine three different factors such as, growing conditions (open field, shade net [50%] & glass house), different soils media (native, black & mix [1:1]) and Indol-3-butyric acid concentrations (5000, 6000 & 7000ppm) in split plot design with three replications and twenty seven treatment combinations in dragon fruit saplings propagation. The observations on shoot, root and biochemical parameters as well as success rate of dragon fruit saplings during the summer season were recorded. The data regarding on growing conditions observed that, significantly minimum number of days required to initiate first shoot, highest shoot length, fresh & dry weight of shoot, number of primary roots, root density, root length, fresh & dry weight of root, number of sprouted saplings, per cent success, number of survived saplings, per cent survival and least per cent mortality were recorded in shade net growing condition which was followed by glass house condition, while highest root to shoot ratios were recorded in open field conditions. During February to June, temperature stress was increased in the open field as compared to others hence; biochemical parameters viz., proline, phenols, proteins and sugars were increased in open field conditions followed by glass house. Whereas, shoot moisture and chlorophyll contents increased in shade net conditions as compared to others. In growing media, the native soil recorded significantly the minimum number of days required to first shoot initiation, highest shoot & root length, fresh & dry weight of shoot, number of primary roots, root density, fresh & dry weight of root, number of sprouted saplings, per cent success, number of survived saplings, per cent survival, root to shoot ratios and least per cent mortality which was followed by mix soil media. In summer season, heat and water stress was increased in the native soil as compared to others hence; biochemical parameters viz., proline, phenols, proteins and sugars were increased in native soil followed by mix soil media. Whereas, shoot moisture and chlorophyll contents increased in black soil media as compared to others. In case of Indol-3-butyric acid concentrations, significantly the minimum number of days required to initiate first shoot, highest shoot length, fresh & dry weight of shoot, number of primary roots, root density, root length, fresh & dry weight of root, number of sprouted saplings, per cent success, number of survived saplings, per cent survival and least per cent mortality were recorded in IBA @ 6000ppm along with highest root to shoot ratios, shoot moisture and chlorophyll contents. Whereas, biochemical parameters viz., proline, phenols, proteins and sugars were increased IBA @ 5000ppm as compared to others. Interaction effect of growing conditions and growing media on shoot & root parameters, biochemical parameters as well as root to shoot ratio was found significant. Interaction effect of Indol-3-butyric acid concentrations found significant to root density, root length, root fresh weight and root to shoot ratio at the end of experiment. Overall, from the present study dragon fruit sapling planted in native soil, treated with IBA @ 6000ppm and growing under shade net conditions found to be maximize the success percentage & better establishment in dry land or arid region of India.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on bunch covering in Banana cv. grand naine(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Kalukhe, Nilesh Shripati; Dhutraj, S.V.The present investigation entitled with, “Studies on Bunch covering in Banana cv. Grand Naine” was carried out at Banana Research Station, Nanded, Maharashtra during 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in RBD (Randomized Block Design) with eight treatments and three replications viz. T1- Bunch cover with blue polyethylene bag, T2- Bunch cover with white non-woven polypropylene bag, T3- Bunch cover with transparent polythene bag, T4- Bunch cover with brown paper bag, T5- Bunch cover with black cloth bag, T6- Bunch cover with dry leaves, T7- Bunch cover with gunny bag, T8- Control. The experiment was farmed to study the effect of skirting material on bunch development, yield and quality of banana. Observations on maturity attributes, finger characteristics, bunch characteristics, yield attributes, quality attributes and economics of individual treatments were recorded. The results of the present investigation revealed that, there were significant variations in growth of fingers in terms of length, and circumference during fruit development stage and at maturity due to different skirting materials used. Different bunch covers protected the bunches from damage due to thrips and sigatoka disease and there was no incidence of thrips and anthracnose on covered bunches. Significant variations in yield attributes and yield were recorded due to different skirting materials used. The results of present study indicated significant difference with respective bunch development, yield, quality and monetary returns among the different treatments tried. The attributes related to crop maturity viz. minimum days (105.45 days) required from flowering to maturity recorded by the treatment T2 i.e., White non-woven polypropylene bag and maximum days (119.87 days) were required in T8 i.e., Control. Maximum days (6.28 days) were required from maturity to ripening recorded by the treatment T2 i.e., White non-woven polypropylene bag and minimum days (3.65 days) were required in T8 i.e., Control. Minimum days (332.64 days) were required for the completion of the crop duration recorded by the treatment T2 i.e., White non-woven polypropylene bag whereas, maximum (351.43) days were required to complete the crop duration in T8 i.e., Control. The treatment white non-woven polypropylene bag (T2) was most effective in finger characteristics and bunch characteristics among all treatments. Maximum finger length (19.18 cm), maximum circumference of banana finger (12.60 cm), maximum (125.29 g) weight of the finger, longest bunch length (69.98 cm), maximum circumference of bunch (39.21 cm) was recorded by the treatment T2 i.e., White non-woven polypropylene bag. Minimum length of finger (14.23 cm), minimum circumference of banana finger (10.86 cm), minimum (102.28 g) weight of finger, shortest (54.09 cm) bunch length, minimum (30.26 cm) bunch circumference was recorded in T8 i.e., Control. The yield parameters viz., maximum weight of bunch (23.79 kg) and yield per hectare (105.72 Mt/ha) was recorded by the treatment T2 i.e., White non-woven polypropylene bag. While minimum weight of bunch (19.96 kg) and yield per hectare (88.70 Mt/ha) was recorded by treatment T8 i.e., Control. In quality parameters, maximum weight of pulp (92.74 g) of banana was recorded by the treatment T2 i.e., White non-woven polypropylene bag and minimum pulp weight (75.41 g) was recorded in the T4 i.e., Bunch cover with brown paper bag. The treatment T7 i.e., Bunch cover with gunny bag recorded higher peel weight (33.97 g) and minimum peel weight (26.67 g) was recorded in T8 i.e., Control. Bunch cover with treatment T3 i.e., Bunch cover with transparent polythene bag recorded significantly higher pulp and peel ratio (2.95) and the minimum pulp and peel ratio (2.23) was observed in T4 i.e., Bunch cover with brown paper bag. Maximum TSS (22.34 ºBrix) was recorded by the treatment T2 i.e., White non-woven polypropylene bag while minimum TSS value (17.54 ºBrix) was exhibited in treatment T8 i.e., Control. The treatment T5 i.e., Bunch cover with black cloth bag and T7 i.e., Bunch cover with gunny bag resulted insignificantly minimum acidity (0.30 %) and maximum acidity (0.35 %) was noticed with treatment T8 i.e., Control. Maximum reducing sugar (15.22 %) was recorded by the treatment T2 i.e., White non-woven polypropylene bag and the minimum reducing sugar content (14.02 %) was recorded by the treatment T5 i.e., Bunch cover with black cloth bag. The highest non-reducing sugar content (1.19 %) was observed in the treatment T3 i.e., Bunch cover with transparent polythene bag. Minimum non-reducing sugar content (1.11 %) was recorded by the treatment T5 i.e., Bunch cover with black cloth bag and T8 i.e., Control. Maximum (16.36 %) total sugar content was recorded by the treatment T2 i.e., White non-woven polypropylene bag and minimum (15.13 %) was recorded in treatment T5 i.e., Bunch cover with black cloth bag. There was no incidence of thrips and anthracnose at harvest due to the bagging of bunches with different types of skirting material. Maximum number of thrips (11.69) while, the incidence of anthracnose was observed up to 4.00 per cent was observed by the treatment T8 i.e., control. The data regarding benefit: cost ratio revealed that the highest benefit: cost ratio (2.95) was recorded by the treatment T2 i.e., White non-woven polypropylene bag, while the lowest benefit cost ratio (2.07) was recorded by the treatment T7 i.e., Bunch cover with gunny bag. It can be concluded that, treatment T2 i.e., White non-woven polypropylene bag having benefit cost ratio of 2.95 give more yield improving quality among different bunch covering materials. So, it is beneficial and profitable to adopt bunch covering with White non-woven polypropylene bag in banana.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of organic farming and inorganic sources on growth, yield and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) var. kesar(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Gadhave, Siddheshvar Vitthalrao; Patil, M.B.The present investigation entitled “Effect of organic and inorganic sources on growth, yield and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) var. kesar.” was carried out on Fruit Research Station Himayatbag, Aurangabad, during 2021-22. The objective was to study the effect of organic and inorganic sources on growth, yield and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) var. kesar.” Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with nine treatments and three replications. The treatments are T1 (100% RDF (1000:500:1000 g NPK) + 50 kg FYM +3kg Vermicompost), T2 (100% RDF + 50g Azotobacter + 50 kg FYM), T3 (75% RDF + 25 g Azotobacter + 50 kg FYM), T4 (100%RDF + 50 g PSB + 50 kg FYM), T5 (75%RDF +25g PSB + 50 kg FYM), T6 (100% RDF + 50 g Azotobacter + 50 g PSB + 50 kg FYM), T7 (75%RDF +25g PSB + 50 kg FYM), T8 (100% RDF + 2 kg Vermicompost + 50 kg FYM), T9 (Control). Overall treatments T6 (100% RDF + 50 g Azotobacter + 50 g PSB + 50 kg FYM) was superior among all the treatments with respect to vegetative parameters, flowering parameters, quality parameters and yield parameters. However treatment T6 (100% RDF + 50 g Azotobacter + 50 g PSB + 50 kg FYM) was best with respect to quality parameters. The observation on different parameters viz., length of shoot, number of leaves/shoot, length of panicle, breadth of panicle, number of flowers per panicle, number of hermaphrodite flowers per panicle, days taken from flowering to fruit setting, days taken from fruit set to harvest, fruit retention at harvest, fruit drop, ripe fruit weight, length of fruit, breadth of fruit, volume of fruit, weight of fruit, yield per plant, yield per hectare, total soluble solids, titratable acidity (%), total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and ascorbic acid, physiological loss in weight were recorded as superior results.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on effect of pruning and nutrition on growth, yield and quality of fig (Ficus carica L.)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-01-27) Shelke, Pooja Balasaheb; Waghmare, G.M.An experiment was conducted on “Studies on effect of pruning and nutrition on growth, yield and quality of fig (Ficuscarica L.)” fig orchard located at College of agriculture Badnapur, during the year 2021-2022. The field experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) replicated thrice with twelve treatments where factor ‘A’ is pruning of 30 cm central leader, side branches and center opening pruning at alternate limbs and control and factor ‘B’ is soil application of N: P2O5: K2O at different levels. The pruning was done in 11th October of 2021. Observations were made on physiological, flowering, and quality traits. The results of the investigation revealed that the morphological, physiological, and quality characters were significantly influenced by different pruning levels and fertilizer treatments. Among the different treatments, T6 (Heading back of 30cm side branches with soil application of N: P2O5: K2O @ 900: 250:275g/plant) increased the tree height, tree spread, and number of branches resulting with earlier flowering in seasons. The yield characters viz., number of fruits per tree, number of spur or flowers per plant and number of leaves per plant, yield of fruit per tree, yield of fruit per hectare. The quality characters like total soluble solids, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid content, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and weight of pulp, weight of rind content were higher in T6 (Heading back of 30cm side branches with Soil application of N:P2O5:K2O @ 900: 250: 275g/plant). In conclusion of this study, it was inferred that T6 (Heading back of 30cm side branches with Soil application of N: P2O5: K2O @ 900: 250: 275g/plant). It can be recommended for effective and economic management practices for Fig.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers on growth orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) var. nucellar(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Gite, Ankush Sampat; Patil, S.G.The experimentation entitled, “Effect of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) Var. Nucellar” was brought out on field of Sweet Orange Research Station, Badnapur, A/p- Badnapur, Dist- Jalna during ambia bahar in 2021-22. The experiment was outlined in randomized block design with seven treatments replicated thrice. The treatments comprising of Chemical fertilizers (800:400:400 g NPK) + 40 ml Azotobacter (T1), Chemical fertilizers (800:400:400 g NPK) + 40 ml PSB (T2), Chemical fertilizers (800:400:400 g NPK) + 40ml Azotobacter + 80 ml PSB (T3), RDF (800:400:400 g NPK + 50 kg FYM) + 40 ml Azotobacter (T4), RDF (800:400:400 g NPK + 50 kg FYM) + 40 ml PSB (T5), RDF (800:400:400 g NPK + 50 kg FYM) + 40 ml Azotobacter + 80 ml PSB (T6), Control RDF (800:400:400 g NPK + 50 kg FYM) (T7). The observations on growth, yield and quality status were recorded. The results revealed that, there were substantial discrepancies in growth, yield and quality attributes of sweet orange due to application of different combinations of biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB) and chemical fertilizers (NPK). The maximum values of the growth characters like tree height, stem girth, spread of tree and plant volume were observed with the application of RDF (800:400:400 g NPK + 50 kg FYM) + 40 ml Azotobacter + 80 ml PSB (T6) and it was at par with T5 for North-South tree spread, plant volume and also T5, T4 for plant height and stem girth of the plant. The flowering characteristics in terms of days required for flowering and days from fruit set to maturity of fruits were also lowest in the RDF (800:400:400g NPK + 50 kg FYM) + 40 ml Azotobacter + 80 ml PSB (T6) treatment. The highest yield and marketable yield of fruits per plant [109.37 kg/tree (at par with T5) and 107.50 kg/tree (followed by from T5 to T2) respectively] was recorded with the treatment of RDF (800:400:400g NPK + 50 kg FYM) + 40 ml Azotobacter + 80 ml PSB (T6). The numbers of fruits per plant were also maximum in the said treatment. The maximum values of fruit quality attributes like weight of pulp, weight of peel and weight of seeds with non significant values of pulp to peel ratio and number of seeds per fruit and chemical ingredient like juice per cent, TSS, ascorbic acid, reducing, non reducing sugar and total sugar was observed with the application of T6. Hence, by taking everything into account it can be summarized that, for getting better growth, yield and quality of sweet orange fruits, the trees should be fertilized with RDF (800: 400: 400 g NPK) + FYM @50 kg along with the combined application of biofertilizers (Azotobacter 40 ml + PSB 80 ml/tree) per year.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of growth regulators and chemical on growth, yield and quality of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia L.)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Karakal, Santosh Piragond; Patil, S.G.The present investigation entitled “Influence of growth regulators and chemical on growth, yield and quality of Acid lime(Citrus aurantifolia L.)”was carried out at Sweet Orange Research Station, Badnapur, Tal- Badnapur, District- Jalna during 2021-22. The objective was to study the influence of GA3, Cycocel and KNO3 on growth, yield and quality parameters of acid lime.An experiment was laid out in Randomizedblock design (RBD) with eight treatments combination with three replications. The treatments are T1 (GA3 @ 50 ppm), T2 (Cycocel @ 1000 ppm), T3 (KNO3 @ 1%), T4 (GA3@ 50 ppm + KNO3 @ 1%),T5 (Cycocel @ 1000 ppm + KNO3 @ 1%),T6 (GA3 @ 100 ppm + KNO3 @ 2%), T5 (Cycocel @ 1500 ppm + KNO3 @ 2%), T8 (Control). The observation on different parameters viz., plant height, east-west spread, north-south spread, stem girth, number of flowers per shoot, length of fruit, diameter of fruit, volume of fruit, weight of fruit, number of seeds per fruit, no. of fruits per tree, yield per plant, yield per hectare, juice %, total soluble solids, acidity %, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and total sugars were recorded. Among all the treatments, T6 (GA3 @ 100 ppm + KNO3@ 2%) recorded maximum increase in plant height, East – West Spread, North – South Spread and stem girth. TheMaximum number of flowers per shoot (8.10), length of fruit (4.86 cm), diameter of fruit (5.20 cm), volume of fruit (54.86 ml), weight of fruit (55.80 g), no. of fruits per tree (890.00), yield per plant (49.70 kg) and yield per hectare (27.59 tonne) were recorded in treatment T6 (GA3 @ 100 ppm + KNO3 @ 2%). Minimum number of seeds per fruit (6.20) was recorded in treatment T4. The treatment T6 (GA3 @ 100 ppm + KNO3 @ 2%) showed maximum juice (58.90%), total soluble solids (8.20 0Brix), reducing sugar (0.88 %),non-reducing sugar (0.90 %), total sugars (1.80%) and minimum acidity (5.40 %)was recorded.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of chemicals and biomix on growth, yield and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L) var. kesar(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Gaikwad, Rohan Babasaheb; Nainwad, R.V.The experiment entitled, “Effect of chemicals and biomix on growth, yield and quality of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Kesar” was carried out during 2020-2021 under the agro climatic conditions of Aurangabad at Fruit Research Station Himayatbagh, Aurangabad under Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani. The experimental field consisted of three blocks, each having eleven different treatments (T1- NAA (15ppm), T2- NAA (20ppm), T3 - NAA (25ppm), T4 - NAA (30ppm) T5- Triacontanol (700ppm), T6- Triacontanol (750ppm), T7- Humic Acid (1.5%), T8- Humic Acid (2%), T9- Biomix (1%), T10- Biomix (1.5%), T11- Control). The data on effect of chemicals and biomix on flower observation were non-significant differences were recorded in on length of panicle (cm), breadth of panicle (cm), total number of flower/panicle, number of male flower/panicle, sex ratio (male to hermaphrodite flower) of Mango are recorded during course of investigation. The treatment T3 (NAA (25ppm) had the significantly highest number of hermaphrodite flowers per panicle (162.01), Number of days taken from flowering to fruit setting treatment T4 (NAA 30 ppm) and T6 (Triacontanol 750ppm) had the significantly lowest number of days taken from flowering to fruit setting (17.00), T6 (Triacontanol 750ppm) had the significantly lowest number of days taken from fruit set to harvest (103.80), The treatment T6 (Triacontanol 750ppm) had the significantly highest fruit retention at harvesting stage (1.00%). The data on effect of chemicals and biomix on yield observation, However, there were non-significant differences were recorded in length of fruit (cm), breadth of fruit (cm), volume of fruit (ml). The treatment T6 (Triacontanol 750ppm) had the significantly maximum weight of fruit (320.50 g), maximum number of fruit (89.50), was recorded. However, the maximum yield per plant (29.39kg) was recorded in the treatment T6 (Triacontanol 750ppm). Whereas, the minimum yield per plant (11.86 kg) was recorded in treatment T11 (control). However, the maximum yield per hectare (16.31 t) was recorded in the treatment T6 (Triacontanol 750ppm). Whereas, minimum yield per hectare (6.58 t) was recorded in the treatment T11 (Control). The data on effect of chemicals and biomix on physiochemical observation, However, there were significant differences were recorded in Physiological loss of fruit weight, titratable Acidity, TSS, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars (%), TSS: Acid Ratio. The increase TSS, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars (%), with corresponding decrease in acidity and reduces physiological loss of fruit weight. The maximum TSS (20.90 %), total sugars (16.70 %), reducing sugars (4.30 %), non-reducing sugars (13.00 %) and TSS: Acid Ratio (99.52) was recorded in the treatment T8 (Humic acid). The minimum acidity (0.21 %) and minimum physiological loss of fruit weight percentage (1.70%) was recorded in the treatment T8 (Humic acid).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on standardization and storage of aonla based beetroot blended rts beverage(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2023-02-03) Tribhuvan Verma; Shinde, V.N.Health benefits of aonla and beetroot motivated us to develop aonla based beetroot blended RTS beverage by blending aonla and beetroot juices in different ratios such as, T1 - aonla:100, T2 - aonla:beetroot (95:05), T3- aonla:beetroot (90:10), T4 - aonla:beetroot (85:15), T5 - aonla:beetroot (80:20), T6 - aonla:beetroot (75:25), T7 - aonla:beetroot (70:30) were prepared and pasteurized at 85 oC for 30 minutes. After preparation the selected samples from each treatment were analyzed for physio-chemical properties, sensory evaluation and microbial analysis at 0 day, 30 days, 45 days, 60 days and 90 days. In aonla based beetroot blended RTS beverage, the TSS and acidity were fixed to 10° Brix, 0.35% during preparation. Later on the TSS got increased while acidity got decreased in all the treatments due to various biochemical reactions took place during storage. The bio-chemical characters like TSS, total sugars, and reducing sugars were recorded highest in T4 (aonla:beetroot::85:15) and the traits like pH, non-reducing sugars, color was found to be highest in T7 (aonla:beetroot::70:30). While, T1 (aonla:100) had maximum ascorbic acid content and antioxidants. The chemical constituents like TSS, reducing sugars, total sugars, were found increasing trend during storage while, pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, antioxidants and color were found decreased during 90 days of storage. In sensory evaluation, T4 (aonla:beetroot::85:15) was found to be the best treatment which was decided on the basis of highest sensory score in terms of colour, taste, flavor and overall acceptability. All these parameters decreased upon storage due to various undesirable changes in RTS beverage during storage. Shelf life of the RTS beverage was decided based on microbial analysis at all stages of staorage where plate count, yeast total, mould and coliform count were recorded. There was no growth of all these organisms in all the treatmrnts upto 60 days of storage. While, at 90 days total plate count, yeast and mould count, and coliform count were 3 cfu/ml, 1 cfu/ml, and nil respectively after 72 hours of incubation. According to results obtained, it may be suggested that for preparation of aonla based beetroot blended beverage 85% aonla juice and 15% beetroot juice was most acceptable which was at par with 80% aonla juice and 20% beetroot juice. After pasteurization these can be stored till 90 days without considerable quality deterioration.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of chemicals on success and survival of softwood grafts in jamun (syzigium cumini L. skeels) cv. konkan bahadoli(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Sasane, Pratiksha Ashok; Lohakare, A.S.An investigation entitled “Effect of chemicals on success and survival of softwood grafts in jamun (Syzigium cumini L. Skeels) cv. Konkan Bahadoli” was carried out at Central Nursery, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani during the year 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eleven treatments replicated thrice. The experiment consisted of 11 treatments viz., (T1) GA3 100 ppm + Biomix 1%, (T2) GA3 125 ppm + Biomix 1%, (T3) NAA 100 ppm + Biomix 1%, (T4) NAA 125 ppm + Biomix 1%, (T5) Urea 0.5% + Biomix 1%, (T6) Urea 1% + Biomix 1%, (T7) TRIA 500 ppm + Biomix 1%, (T8) TRIA 750 ppm + Biomix 1%, (T9) KNO3 0.5 % + Biomix 1%, (T10) KNO3 1% + Biomix 1% and (T11) Control. Different chemical spray significantly influenced the growth, success and survival of jamun grafts. Among different treatment combinations, treatment (T2) GA3 125 ppm + Biomix 1 % showed better in terms of minimum number of days required for sprouting (21.47 days). Highest success percentage (93.30 %) was recorded in treatment (T2) GA3 125 ppm + Biomix 1%, (T1) GA3 100 ppm + Biomix 1% and (T8) TRIA 750 ppm + Biomix 1% at 30 DAG. Treatment T2 also showed highest survival percentage (92.85%) at 150 DAG. Graft growth attributes viz., maximum height of grafts (21.74 cm, 33.31 cm, 43.85 cm, 55.75 cm and 62.98 cm), girth of scion (2.62 mm, 3.65 mm, 4.69 mm, 5.82 mm and 6.22 mmm), sprout length (1.97 cm, 6.84 cm, 10.87 cm, 16.44 cm and 20.52 cm), Number of shoot (1.27, 1.87, 2.20, 2.40 and 2.60) were observed with the treatment T2 at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 DAG. The maximum fresh and dry weight of shoot (30.53 g and 16.11 g), maximum fresh and dry weight of roots (25.82 g and 13.40 g), maximum length of root (31.17 cm) and maximum number of primary and secondary roots (1.30 and 40.65) at 150 DAG was recorded in treatment (T2) GA3 125 ppm + Biomix 1%. The maximum number of leaves (7.03, 12.03, 18.56 and 21.78) at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 DAG, respectively and maximum fresh weight of leaves and dry weight of leave (19.02 g and 6.28 g) at 150 DAG was observed in treatment (T7) TRIA 750 ppm + Biomix 1 % and maximum leaf area (15.12 cm2, 24.65 cm2, 33.14 cm2 and 39.42 cm2) at 30, 60, 90,120 and 150 DAG was recorded in T10 KNO3 1% + Biomix 1 %. The satisfactory outcome in higher grafts success in jamun cv. Konkan Bahadoli with gross returns, net income and maximum B:C ratio (2.8) was obtained in treatment (T2) by the foliar application of GA3 125 ppm + Biomix 1%. Hence it can be concluded that the foliar spray of GA3 125 ppm + Biomix 1 % (T2) have significant effect on growth, success and survival of jamun grafts.
