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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of fertigation schedules and mulching on growth, yield and profitability of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-12-30) Kadam, Surekha Babasaheb; Gokhale, D.N.
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of fertigation schedules and mulching on growth, yield and profitability of Bt. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)” was undertaken during kharif season, 2020 and 2021 at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, V.N.M.K.V., Parbhani. The fertility status of the soil in the experimental plot reveals that it has a clayey texture, a slightly alkaline reaction, low levels of organic carbon, low levels of nitrogen that is readily available, medium levels of phosphorus and high levels of potassium that are readily available. Treatments consists of sixteen combinations comprising four different fertigation schedules (S1: 80:40:40 NPK kg ha-1, S2: 100:50:50 NPK kg ha-1, S3: 120:60:60 NPK kg ha-1 and S4: 140:70:70 NPK kg ha-1) in main plot and four mulching treatments (M1: No mulch, M2: Organic mulch, M3: Black polyethylene mulch and M4: Silver polyethylene mulch) as sub plot treatment were assigned in a split plot design with three replications. After land preparation, beds were prepared and mulching was applied as per the treatment. The cotton crop was sown on 04/07/2020 and 18/06/2021 by dibbling method during 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, respectively. Fertilizers were applied through drip to different plots as per the treatments and biometric observations on growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were recorded periodically. Inter-culture operations were also carried out as per the schedule. The climatic conditions were favourable during 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 for the growth and development of Bt . cotton which ultimately resulted in more accumulation of photosynthate in both seasons. Plant growth analysis, post-harvest studies, nutrient uptake, available soil fertility status after harvest of Bt. cotton and economics of Bt. cotton were also estimated during 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. Fertigation scheduling with higher fertilizer level of 140:70:70 NPK kg ha-1 has recorded higher growth attributes, dry matter accumulation and growth functions over 80:40:40 NPK kg ha-1. Fertigation scheduling with highest fertilizer level of 140:70:70 NPK kg ha-1 has increased seed cotton yield (2867 kg ha-1), GMR (1,31,882 D ha-1), NMR (58,149 D ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.79) significantly over fertigation scheduling with 80:40:40 NPK kg ha-1 and was comparable with fertigation scheduling with 120:60:60 NPK kg ha-1 and 100:50:50 NPK kg ha-1 for seed cotton yield and profitability. Harvest index was increased with increase in fertilizer level. The lint yield (kg ha-1) was significantly higher in fertigation scheduling with 140:70:70 NPK kg ha-1 over fertigation scheduling with lower levels. Fertigation scheduling with different fertilizer levels didn’t affect the major fiber parameters of Bt. cotton. Total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by crop were significantly increased with fertigation scheduling with higher fertilizer level i.e., 140:70:70 NPK kg ha-1 (S4) over fertigation scheduling with lower fertilizer level (S1). The available status of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium after harvest of Bt. cotton crop was not influenced by fertigation scheduling with different fertilizer levels. Highest values of growth attributes (plant height, number of functional leaves, dry matter accumulation per plant, leaf area, number of monopodia, number of sympodia etc.) were recorded when cotton crop was sown on silver polyethylene mulch as compared to no mulching. Sowing of cotton crop on silver polyethylene mulch also recorded highest values of yield attributes (number of picked bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield plant-1 etc.) seed cotton yield, lint yield, stalk yield and biological yield (kg ha-1) etc. as compared to no mulch treatment. Sowing of cotton crop with polyethylene mulch was not profitable in terms of NMR and B:C ratio. Fertigation scheduling with fertilizer level of 100:50:50 NPK kg ha-1 was found remunerative as it was on par with fertigation scheduling with higher fertilizer levels for monetary returns. Application of polyethylene mulch either silver or black has increased nutrient uptake over no mulch treatment. The soil NPK status after harvest of Bt. cotton crop was not influenced by mulching treatments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of high density planting and weed management practices on growth and yield of Bt. cotton. (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-12-29) Mane, Sudhir Govind; Karle, A.S.
    The present investigation “Impact of high density planting and weed management practice on growth and yield of Bt cotton. (Gossypium hirsutum L.)” was undertaken during Kharif season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 on clayey soil at experimental farm, AICRP on Integrated Farming Systems, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S.) The soil of the experimental plot was clayey in texture, low in available nitrogen , medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium and slightly alkaline in reaction. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three planting densities that is S1-120 cm × 45 cm (18518 plants ha-1), S2- 80 cm × 60 cm (20833 plants ha-1) and S3- 90 cm × 45 cm (24691plants ha-1) and four weed management practices that is W1 - Stale seed bed technique + PoE Pyrithiobac Sodium 10% EC @ 62.5 g ha-1 + Quizolfop-ethyl 5% EC @ 50 g ha-1 + Straw mulching, W2 - Stale seed bed technique +PoE Glufosinate ammonium 13.5% SL @ 0.7 kg ha-1 + Hand weeding, W3 - Weed Free and W4 - Weedy Check. Recommended fertilizers dose of 120:60:60 NPK kg ha-1 was applied and biometric observations on growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were recorded. The Bt. cotton was sown by dibbling method on 05-07-2020 and 02-07-2021 during year 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, respectively Study revealed that the plant spacing of 120 cm × 45 cm recorded significantly increased growth attributes i.e. number of functional leaves, leaf area (dm2), dry matter per plant (g), number of monopodial and number of sympodial branches per plant and yield contributing characters i.e. number of picked bolls per plant, boll weight (g), seed cotton yield per plant (g) as compared to plant spacing of 80 cm × 60 cm and 90 cm × 45 cm. The significantly taller plants were recorded with plant spacing of 90 cm × 45 cm as compared to other plant spacing’s. Similarly maximum seed cotton yield (2076 kg ha-1), stalk yield (4060 kg ha-1), biological yield (6107 kg ha-1), gross monetary returns (₹ 172681), net monetary returns (₹ 96331) and benefit to cost ratio (2.26) was recorded with plant spacing of 90 cm × 45 cm than plant spacing’s of 80 cm × 60 cm and 120 cm × 45 cm. Plant densities did not evident any significant impact on cotton quality parameters. The growth parameters were influenced by various treatments of weed management practices. The growth parameters like plant height, numbers of monopodial and sympodial branches plant-1, numbers of functional leaves plant-1, leaf area plant-1 and total dry matter accumulation plant-1 were significantly higher in weed free (W3) than other treatments and however, it was at par with the Stale seed bed technique + PoE Pyrithiobac Sodium 10% EC @ 62.5 g ha-1 + Quizolfop-ethyl 5% EC @ 50 g ha-1 + Straw mulching (W1) Similar results were obtained in case of yield attributes like numbers of picked bolls plant-1, and seed cotton yield plant-1 were significantly higher in weed free (W3). The weed free (W3) recorded higher seed cotton yield (2336 kg ha-1), stalk yield (4244 kg ha-1) and biological yields (6580 kg ha-1) than other treatments and however, it was at par with Stale seed bed technique + PoE Pyrithiobac Sodium 10% EC @ 62.5 g ha-1 + Quizolfop-ethyl 5% EC @ 50 g ha-1 + Straw mulching(W1). Boll weight was not influenced by weed management practices. Also, significantly higher gross monetary returns (₹193427), net monetary returns (₹108122) and benefit to cost ratio (2.26) was found in weed free (W3) treatment. Post-harvest parameters such as ginning percentage, seed index and lint index, as well as fiber quality parameters like staple length, bundle length, fiber fineness, oil percentage and uniformity ratio were not significantly influenced by planting density and weed management practices during both years of the study.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of fertilizer levels on growth and yield of turmeric (curcuma longa L.) + sweet corn (zea mays saccharata L.) intercropping system
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-12-30) Thombre, Santosh Vitthalrao; Asewar, B.V.
    The present investigation entitled ‘Effect of fertilizer levels on growth and yield of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) + Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata L.) intercropping system’ was conducted during two consecutive years of 2020-21 and 2021-2022 at Experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. The topography of the experimental field was uniform, levelled and well drained. The soil of experimental site was clayey in texture. The chemical composition of soil was low in organic carbon, available nitrogen and available phosphorous and very high in available potassium. The soil was moderately alkaline in reaction. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The present investigation consisted of twelve treatment combinations. Treatments details consist of (intercropping systems) in main plot – i.e. I1- Sole Turmeric, I2- Sole Sweet corn, I3- Turmeric + Sweet corn (2:1), I4- Turmeric + Sweet corn (1:1) in main plot and in sub plot three fertility levels- i.e. F1-100% RDF (200:100:100 NPK kg ha-1), F2-125% RDF (250: 125: 125 NPK kg ha-1) and F3-150% RDF (300: 150: 150 NPK kg ha-1). The treatments were allotted randomly in each replication. The turmeric and sweet corn were sown on 11-07-2020 and 15-06-2021 during year 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively. Biometric observations on growth parameters, yield attributes, fresh rhizome yield, dry rhizome yield of turmeric, growth attributes, yield attributes and yield of sweet corn and growth attributes, yield attributes and yield of chickpea was also recorded. The various economics indices in respect of monetary returns and benefit to cost ratio, turmeric equivalent yield, land equivalent ratio, area time equivalent ratio, aggressivity and competition ratio were also calculated during 2020-21 and 2021-22 respectively. The results of investigation revealed that during 2020-21 and 2021-22, among intercropping, sole turmeric recorded higher growth attributes viz., pseudo stem height (cm), number of functional leaves plant-1, leaf area (dm2), number of tillers plant-1, dry matter accumulation plant-1 (g) and leaf area index. Yield attributes like number of mother rhizomes, number of primary rhizomes, ratio of primary to mother rhizomes, fresh weight of rhizome plant-1 and yield i.e. fresh rhizome yield (t ha-1), dry rhizome yield (t ha-1) which was significantly superior in sole turmeric over other intercropping systems. However, Turmeric equivalent yield, GMR, NMR, B:C ratio and intercropping indices like LER, ATER, aggressivity and CR was higher in turmeric + sweet corn (2:1) intercropping systems. During both the years of investigation, among fertilizer levels, application of 150% RDF-300:150:150 NPK kg ha-1 (F3) recorded significantly superior growth attributes viz., pseudo stem height (cm), number of functional leaves plant-1, leaf area (dm2), number of tillers plant-1, dry matter accumulation plant-1 (g) and leaf area index. Yield attributes like number of mother rhizomes, number of primary rhizomes, ratio of primary to mother rhizomes, fresh weight of rhizome plant-1 and yield i.e. fresh rhizome yield (t ha-1), dry rhizome yield (t ha-1) and economics i.e. GMR, NMR, B:C ratio which was significantly superior over 125% RDF-250:125:125 NPK kg ha-1 (F2) and 100% RDF- 200:100:100 NPK kg ha-1 (F1), but at par with application of 250:125:125 NPK kg ha-1 (F2). The lower growth attributes, yield attributes, yield and economics was recorded with application 100% RDF-200:100:100 NPK kg ha-1 (F1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of cotton residue incorporation with conservation tillage and integrated nutrient management in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-12-08) Yallanagouda Madagoudra; Narkhede, W.N.
    A field experiment entitled ‘‘Evaluation of cotton residue incorporation with conservation tillage and integrated nutrient management in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)” was carried out at AICRP on Dryland Agriculture farm, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani during kharif 2020-21 and 2021-22. The soil of the experimental plot was clayey in texture, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium and slightly alkaline in reaction. In all, fifteen treatment combinations, consisting of three tillage practices (T1 - conventional tillage, T2 - reduced tillage and T3 - zero tillage) and five integrated nutrient management practices (N1 - 100% RDF (120:60:60 kg NPK ha-1), N2- 100% RDF + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1, N3 - 75% RDF + FYM 6 t ha-1 + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1, N4 - 50% RDF + FYM 12 t ha-1 + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1 and N5 - Control) were evaluated in split plot design with three replications. The Bt cotton hybrid NHH-44 (BG-II) was sown by dibbling method at 120 cm x 45 cm spacing on 18.06.2020 and 16.06.2021 during kharif 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively. The growth parameters were significantly influenced by tillage practices. The growth parameters like plant height (cm), number of functional leaves plant-1, leaf area plant-1, number of monopodial and sympodial branches and total dry matter accumulation plant-1 were significantly high under conventional tillage as compared to zero tillage and was found at par with reduced tillage. Similar trend were also recorded in case of yield attributing characters viz., number of picked bolls plant-1 and seed cotton yield plant-1. The conventional tillage resulted in significantly higher seed cotton yield, stalk yield and biological yield as compared to zero tillage; however, it was found at par with reduced tillage. Boll weight, fibre quality parameters and nutrient content were not significantly influenced by tillage practices while, nutrient uptake was significantly high under conventional tillage, which was found at par with reduced tillage. Soil organic carbon, soil nutrient status and microbial population in the soil were significantly high under zero tillage. The physical properties viz., Bulk density, infiltration rate and moisture content were improved under conventional tillage. Adoption of convention tillage gave higher gross monetary returns as well as net monetary returns, however, higher benefit : cost ratio was recorded under reduced tillage. The growth parameters were significantly influenced by integrated nutrient management practices. The growth parameters like plant height (cm), number of functional leaves plant-1, leaf area plant-1, number of monopodial and sympodial branches and total dry matter accumulation plant-1 were significantly high in the treatment which received 100% RDF + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1 and was found at par with 75% RDF + FYM 6 t ha-1 + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1 and 100% RDF (120:60:60 kg NPK ha-1) during both the years of experimentation. Similar trend was also recorded in case of yield attributing characters viz., number of picked bolls plant-1 and seed cotton yield plant-1. The application of 100% RDF + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1 also resulted in significantly higher seed cotton yield, stalk yield and biological yield, which was found at par with 75% RDF + FYM 6 t ha-1 + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1 and 100% RDF (120:60:60 kg NPK ha-1). Boll weight and fibre quality parameters were not significantly influenced by integrated nutrient management practices. The primary nutrients content (NPK) were significantly higher under 100% RDF + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1 while, higher micronutrients content (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) were recorded under 50% RDF + FYM 12 t ha-1 + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1. The nutrient uptake was significantly high under 100% RDF + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1, which was found at par with 75% RDF + FYM 6 t ha-1 + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1 and 100% RDF (120:60:60 kg NPK ha-1). The soil organic carbon, soil nutrients status and microbial population in soil were significantly high under 50% RDF + FYM 12 t ha-1 + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1. The physical properties viz., Bulk density, infiltration rate and moisture content were also improved under 50% RDF + FYM 12 t ha-1 + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1. Application of 100% RDF + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1 resulted higher gross monetary returns as well as net monetary returns, however, higher benefit : cost ratio was recorded under 100% RDF (120:60:60 kg NPK ha-1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of ferrous and zinc on growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2023-02-21) Jedhe, Harshada Shankar; Jadhav, K.T.
    The field investigation entitled “Effect of Ferrous and Zinc on growth, yield and quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),” was carried out on experimental farm of Agriculture Technical School, Aurangabad during Rabi 2021-22. The experimental site was well leveled having well drainage facility. The experimental soil was clay in texture, moderate in available nitrogen, low in phosphorous and high in available potassium, low in Fe and Zn concentration and alkaline in reaction. The experimental environmental condition prevailed during experiment was favorable for normal growth and development. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. Eight treatment combination with wheat variety NIAW-1415 and eight application practices were replicated thrice were included in the experiment. The field experiment was laid with eight treatments viz. RDF (T1), RDF + Water spray (T2), RDF + ZnSO4 @ 25 Kg/ha (SA) (T3), RDF+ FeSO4 @ 20 Kg/ha (SA) (T4), RDF + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1(SA) + FeSO4 @ 20 Kg/ha (SA) (T5), RDF + + ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % (FA) (T6), RDF + FeSO4 @ 0.1% (FA) (T7) and RDF + ZnSO4 @0.5 % (FA) + FeSO4 @ 0.1% (FA) (T8). The gross and net plot size were 3.6m × 4.0m and 3.0m × 3.8m respectively. All the protected measures were done as per recommendation viz. seed treatment, pest and disease management and irrigation management. Sowing was done by drilling on 30 November 2021. RDF+ ZnSO4 @0.5 % (FA) + FeSO4 @ 0.1% (FA) (T8) recorded highest values of growth attributes viz., plant height (70.2cm), number of tillers meter-1 (175.64), dry matter accumulation (28.94) and LAI at harvest. Highest grain yield (3870 kg ha-1) was recorded in RDF+ ZnSO4 @0.5 % (FA) + FeSO4 @ 0.1% (FA) (T8) which was at par with RDF + ZnSO4 @ 25 Kg/ha soil application(SA) + FeSO4 @ 20 Kg/ha soil application (SA) i.e. T5 (3562 kg ha-1) and RDF + FeSO4 @ 0.1% foliar application (FA) i.e. T7 (3421 kg ha-1), respectively at harvest. The highest net monetary returns ( 7 76945 ha-1) was recorded in RDF + ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % (FA) + FeSO4 @ 0.1% (FA) at harvest found significantly superior over the rest of the treatments. The highest B: C ratio (2.68) was recorded in RDF + ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % (FA) + FeSO4 @ 0.1% (FA) (T8) at harvest found significantly superior over the rest of the treatments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Fortification of zinc and ferrous in chickpea (cicer arietinum L.) through agronomic intervention
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2023-02-16) Deulkar, Ashwini Prakashrao; Patil, C.B.
    The field investigation entitled "Fortification of Zinc and Ferrous in Chickpea (CicerarietinumL.) through Agronomic Intervention" was carried out on experimental farm of College of Agriculture, Badnapur, during rabi 2021. The experimental site was well leveled having well drainage. The experimental plot soil was clay in texture, nutrient status was good i.e. moderate in available nitrogen, low in phosphorous and high in available potassium and alkaline in reaction. The experimental condition prevailed during experiment was favorable for normal growth and development. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. Seven treatment combination with chickpea hybrids BDNG797 and seven application practices were replicated thrice were included in the experiment. The gross and net plot size were 5.4m x 5m and 3.6m x 4.8m, respectively. All the protected measure was done as per recommendation viz. seed treatment, pest and disease management and irrigation management. Sowing was done by dibbling on 19 October, 2021. From the result experiment it can be concluded that amongst the different application practices treatment (T3) i.e. RDF+0.5% ZnS04 and 0.5% FeS04 foliar application was found significantly better for getting higher grain yield (1974kg/ha) followed by (T5) i.e. RDF + soil application ZnS04 @ 25kg/ha. The maximum net monetary return (52530 Rs ha-I ) was recorded by RDF+O.5% ZnS04 and 0.5% FeS04 foliar application of chickpea. On the basis of economics of different treatments T3 was found most remunerative on the basis on B:C ratio.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Enhancing nutrient use efficiency in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) through hydrogel under protective irrigation
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2023-02-16) Barbole, Sarojani Rajendra; Pagar, P.A.
    In order to find out the effect of hydrogel application and foliar nutrient spray on chickpea an experiment entitled “Enhancing nutrient use efficiency in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) through hydrogel under protective irrigation” was conducted during rabi season of 2021-22. The experiment was conducted at Farm section of Agronomy, College of Agriculture Badnapur, Dist. Jalna. (Maharashtra). The treatments comprised of three levels of hydrogel application (0 Kg ha-1; 2.5 Kg ha-1 hydrogel and 5 Kg ha-1 hydrogel) and five levels of foliar nutrients spray (F1- water spray, F2- urea 2 %, F3- thiourea 500 ppm, F4- salicylic acid 100 ppm and F5- NPK (19:19:19:)). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications having hydrogel application as main plot and foliar nutrients spray as sub plot treatment. The soil was clayey, neutral in reaction (pH 7.10) having an organic carbon content of 0.57% and low amount of available nitrogen (167.50 kg ha-1), medium phosphorus (18.12 kg ha-1) and high potassium (312.31kg ha-1) content. The region has sub humid to semiarid climate. The chickpea variety Indira Akash (BDNG 797) was taken as test crop and sown on Octomber 19th, 2021 and harvested on March 10th, 2022. The seed rate of 80 kg ha-1 treated with rhizobium culture was used for the sowing. A basal application of 20:50:20 kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O was given to the crop. One irrigation was applied just after sowing of the crop. The 2.50 kg ha-1 hydrogel and 5 kg ha-1 hydrogel as per treatment was drill in line before seeding of chickpea seeds. The foliar nutrient as per treatment was sprayed at flower initiation stage (50 DAS) and pod development stage (72 DAS). Among hydrogel application treatments, application of 5 kg ha-1 hydrogel produced the highest seed (1936 kg ha-1) and stover yield (2931 kg ha-1), and followed by 2.5 kg ha-1 hydrogel produced the seed yield (1869 kg ha-1) and stover yield (2882 kg ha-1). The increase in yield is mainly attributed to higher plant height, number of branches and nodules, weight of dried nodules, dry matter accumulation plant-1, pods plant-1, seeds pod-1 and 100 seed weight. Application of 5 kg ha-1 hydrogel gave higher crop growth rate (CGR) and relative crop growth rate (RGR) and followed by Application of 2.5 kg ha-1 hydrogel at all the stages as compared to without application of hydrogel. The soil moisture studies indicated that more moisture was available in deeper soil depth (15-30 cm depth) as compared to upper depth of the soil (0-15cm) throughout life cycle of the crop. Similarly, moisture content in both the depths remained higher due to application of 5 kg ha-1 and followed by 2.5 Kg ha-1 application of hydrogel as compared to without hydrogel application treatment at all the stages. The highest gross return, net return and cost of cultivation was also obtained under the treatment of application of hydrogel 5 kg ha-1 and followed application of hydrogel 2.5 Kg ha-1, while highest B : C ratio was received under the treatment of without hydrogel application. Foliar nutrients spray gave considerable effect on growth attributes, yield components and yields of seed and stover. The foliar nutrient spray of F2- urea 2% produced the highest plant height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation, number of nodules and weight of dried nodules which was at par with the foliar nutrients spray of treatment F3- thiourea 500 ppm for above mentioned growth parameters at 60 DAS and onwards. The maximum CGR was observed under treatment F2- urea 2% at 60-90 DAS and maximum RGR was observed under treatment F2- urea 2% at 30-60 DAS. The different yield components i.e. seed and stover yields also increased under the foliar nutrient spray of F2- urea 2%, which was comparable with the foliar nutrients spray of F3- thiourea 500 ppm. The remaining treatments i.e. F1- water spray, F4- Salicylic acid, F5- NPK (19: 19: 19) 0.5% found to be significantly inferior than that of F2- urea 2% for seed and stover yield. Moreover, less moisture was present in the treatment of F2- urea 2% followed by F3- thiourea 500 ppm, respectively indicated that chickpea utilized more moisture as compared to other foliar nutrient spray and moisture content was reduced in both the depth at all the stages. The crop utilized more moisture from the soil in both the depths under these treatments. The application of foliar nutrient spray of F2- urea 2% gave the highest gross return, net return and B: C ratio, while cost of cultivation was more with foliar nutrient spray of F3- thiourea 500 ppm.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of different plant spacing on growth and yield of kharif maize (Zea mays L.)
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2023-02-13) Gawande, Pawan Dyaneshwar; Jadhav, K.T.
    The study, entitled “Performance of different plant spacing on growth and yield of kharif Maize (Zea mays L.),” was carried out on an experimental farm section of Agronomy, College of Agriculture Badnapur, during the kharif season 2021-22. The experimental field was level and well-drained. The soil had a clayey texture, with pH 8.0. During the trial period, the environmental conditions were appropriate for normal crop stand and maize crop maturity. The field experiment was laid as in randomized block design with seven treatments viz. T1- 60 cm x 30 cm (55555 plants /ha), T2- 75 cm x 20 cm (66666 plants/ha), T3- 90 cm x 20 cm (55555plants/ha), T4- 75 cm x 30 c m (44444 plants/ha), T5- 90 cm x 30 cm (37037 plants/ha), T6- 120 cm x 20 cm (41666 plants/ha), T7- 60 cm x 60 cm (27777 plants/ha), and replicated thrice. The gross and net plot size of each experimental unit was 3.6 m x 5 m2 and variable respectively. The dibbling method was used to sow on jully 14, 2021. The grain yield ha-1 as influenced by different treatments revealed that highest grain yield was recorded by T2- 75 cm x 20 cm (66666 plants/ha) (6433.33 kg ha-1) followed by T1- 60 cm x 30 cm (55555 plants /ha)(5366.67 kg ha-1). The highest net monetary returns (68886 ha-1) was recorded in treatment T2- 75 cm x 20 cm (66666 plants/ha). The highest B:C ratio (2.88) was recorded in T2 - (66666 plants/ha) Followed by T1- 60 cm x 30 cm (55555 plants /ha), (1.98). The treatment T3- 90 cm x 20 cm (55555plants/ha) as significantly influenced all growth attributes as well as yield attributes and yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on foliar application of nano-n fertilizers on performance of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) under vertisols
    (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Bhand, Ankush Ramkishan; Chavan, P.G.
    A field experiment was conducted during the kharif 2021 at Experimental Farm of Agronomy Section, College of Agriculture, Latur. To find out the effect of nano N fertilizer with commercial urea on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). The soil of experimental plot was clayey in texture, moderately neutral in reaction having pH (7.03) with chemical composition such as low in available nitrogen (227 kg ha-1), very low in available phosphorous (16.90 kg ha-1) and very high in available potassium (434 kg ha-1). Soil was well drained which was favorable for optimum growth. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 7 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments were T1– Control, T2 -50 % N through commercial urea + 50% N through 1 of nano urea @ 20 DAS, T3 -50 % N through commercial Urea +50% N through 2 spray of nano urea @ 20 & 35 DAS, T4 - 75 % N through commercial urea +25% N through 1 spray of nano urea @ 35 DAS, T5 - 75 % N through Urea + 25% N through 2 spray of nano urea @ 20 & 35 DAS T6 -100 % RDN thorough commercial Urea. T7 - 100 % RDN through commercial urea + 25% N through 1 spray of nano urea @ 35 DAS. The gross and net plot size of each experimental plot was 5.4 m x 4.5 m and 4.2 m x 3.9 m, respectively. Sowing was done by dibbling method by using seed rate 5 kg ha-1. The recommended dose of fertilizer was 60: 40: 30 kg NPK kg ha-1. The results revealed that, growth and yield components of sunflower were influenced significantly due to various treatments. The application of 100 % RDN through commercial urea + 25% N through 1 spray of nano urea @ 35 DAS (T7) recorded significantly higher growth attributes i.e., plant height, number of functional leaves, leaf area, dry matter per plant which was at par with treatment 100 % RDN through commercial urea (T6) and 75 % N through Urea + 25% N through 2 spray of nano urea @ 20 & 35 DAS (T5) and significantly superior over the other treatments. Application of 100 % RDN through commercial urea + 25% N through 1 spray of nano urea @ 35 DAS (T7) recorded significantly highest seed yield (1932 kg ha-1), oil yield (658 kg ha-1) and test weight (54.09 g) over all the treatments except 100 % RDN thorough commercial Urea (T6) and 75 % N through Urea + 25% N through 2 spray of nano urea @ 20 & 35 DAS (T5). The highest GMR (116250 ₹ ha-1), NMR (81635 ₹ ha-1), and B:C ratio (3.36) was observed with the soil application of 100 % RDN through commercial urea + 25% N through 1 spray of nano urea @ 35 DAS.