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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of n-nanofertilizer on growth, yield and quality of pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum L.) under rainfed condition(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Jadhav, Dipali Balasaheb; Karanjikar, P.N.The present field experiment was conducted during Kharifseason of 2021 at Agronomy section, College of Agriculture, Latur( Maharashtra ) to analyse the of various treatments on growth, yield and quality attributes of Pearl millet. The soil of experimental plot was medium and black in color with good drainage in reaction having pH (7.03) with chemical composition such as low in available nitrogen (227 kg ha-1), very low in available phosphorous (16.90 kg ha-1) and very highin available potassium (434 kg ha-1). It was well drained which was favorable for optimum growth. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. The eight treatments were replicated thrice. The treatments were T1 - Control, T2 - RDN, T3 - 25% RDN through urea as soil application + 75% RDN through 3 sprays of nano-urea @ 30, 45, 60 DAS , T4 - 50% RDN through urea as soil application + 50% RDN through 2 sprays of nano-urea @ 30,45 DAS, T5 - 75% RDN through urea as soil application + 25% RDN through 1 spray of nano- urea @ 45 DAS , T6 - 25% RDN through urea as soil application + 75% RDN through 3 spray of urea @ 30, 45, 60 DAS , T7 - 50% RDN through urea as soil application + 50% RDN through 2 sprays of urea @ 30, 45 DAS , T8 - 75% RDN through urea soil application + 25 % RDN through 1 spray of @ 45 DAS . The gross and net plot size of each experimental unit was 5.40 m x 4.50 m and 4.5 m x 3.9 m, respectively. Sowing was done by dibbling method by using seed rate 3 kg ha-1. The recommended dose of fertilizer for linseed crop was 50: 25: 25 kg NPK ha-1. The result showed that the application of 75% RDN through urea as soil application + 25% RDN through 1 spray of nano- urea @ 45 DAS ( T5 ) recorded significantly highest seed yield ( 3967 ha-1), test weight ( 20.77 g ) over all the treatments except 75% RDN through urea soil application + 25 % RDN through 1 spray of @ 45 DAS ( T8 ) and 50% RDN through as soil application + 50% RDN through 2 spray of nano-urea @ 30,45 DAS ( T4 ). The highest GMR ( 85291 ₹ ha-1 ), NMR ( 53825 ₹ ha-1 ) and B:C ratio ( 2.71 ) was observed with the 75% RDN through urea as soil application + 25% RDN through 1 spray of nano- urea @ 45 DAS. Among the different treatments that application of urea through soil and application of Nano urea through spray may increase both quantitative and qualitative yield of pearl millet.ThesisItem Open Access Early child care practices adopted by the parents(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2021-12-06) Nawal Mohammed Chause; Bhalerao, VeenaOne hundred and fifty urban and rural families having young children in age group of 2-6 years were selected from five colonies of Parbhani town and five villages from five talukas of Parbhani district (MS) for studying ‘Early Child Care Practices Adopted by the Parents’. The data pertaining to the study were collected by personally interviewing the urban and rural parents of children based on structured and open ended interview schedule cum checklist and also by using the socio-economic status scale. The study revealed that, the majority of the mothers were involved in personal grooming of children irrespective of area. Majority i.e 81 percent of urban mothers and also fathers to some extent were found to be involved in activities like serving breakfast, supervising child while feeding etc. than counterpart rural parents. A higher proportion of urban parents (64%) reported to provide a cup of milk to their young children just before going to bed. Whereas more proportion of rural children included bakery products in their diet (64%) than the urban children (40%). Almost all parents were found to be concerned for their sick children, attended them for care and also provided comforts. Almost all parents followed the immunization schedule for their children for various vaccines like BCG, Hepatitis B, MMR, Polio, DPT and Vitamin A. Irrespective of area, very large proportion of mothers were observed to be involved in activities related to hygiene practices of children. Significant differences were noticed among parents in giving toilet training at different ages to their children. Comparatively majority of the urban children were assessed in normal range of growth (90-110%), however significant proportion of rural children were found to have grade II malnutrition. With respect to disciplining the children, urban fathers and rural mothers were found to be more concerned and involved in disciplining them. A higher percentage of urban parents (77%) were often seen to be involved in maintenance of clothes as well as in providing comfortable clothes to children. Significant differences were noticed in provision of various play materials to the children by urban and rural parents. Similarly majority of the urban parents go for outings along with children (100%), show them cartoons shows on TV (84%) and video songs on cell phone (79%). A large majority of urban mothers reported to be involved in their children’s educational & developmental activities whereas almost all parents (100%) reported that they allow their children for free play. A higher proportion of urban parents (91%) reported that they provided educational materials for cognitive & communication activities of children. In rural area, a higher percentage of families (84%) had enough outdoor space for child’s free play and safe from child’s point of view (77%) also they expressed that they never discuss child’s negative aspects in front of him (89%). Majority of urban parents reported that they involved in teaching children to sing songs (84%), narrate stories (84%) and encourage them to learn numbers (81%) as well as to revise preschool activities (79%). Irrespective of area, the respondents’ SES and maternal education and maternal involvement in child care were seen to be positively correlated. Also SES, parental educational level and children attending preschool found to be significantly correlated to provision of quality home environment as well as provision of educational play materials to the children.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of ground water quality from ausa tahsil of latur district(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2021-08-11) Asati, Nupur Prabhudayal; Indulkar, B.S.The present study carried out entitled an “Assessment of groundwater quality from Ausa tahsil of Latur district” during 2021. Total one hundred water samples from twenty villages and five samples from each village were collected from Ausa tahsil. The parameter like pH, electrical conductivity, cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+), anions (CO3-, HCO3- and Cl-). Irrigation water quality parameter like SAR and RSC were computed to assess the irrigation water quality of groundwater. Furthermore graphical representation diagram such as USSL has been prepared for irrigation water quality. The result obtained from investigation revealed that all irrigation water samples from Ausa tahsil were alkaline in reaction and having average pH value of open and tube well were 7.73 and 7.68 respectively, average EC of this irrigation water were 0.66 dSm-1 and 0.74 dSm-1. Where 64.58 per cent and 59.61 per cent of 48 open well and 52 tube well water samples falls in C2 class, while 35.2 per cent and 38.46 per cent of open well and tube well water categorized in C3 class. Among all cations Mg2+ was dominant in water followed by Ca2+, Na+ and K+. The relative proportion of anions were in the sequence of Cl- > HCO3- > CO3-. Chemical properties of groundwater were influenced by natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic activities. From the computation of SAR and RSC values, it was found that 100 per cent of groundwater samples were found to be suitable for irrigation purpose. Besides USSL diagrams show that the samples are safe for irrigation usage. Overall the analytical data of groundwater in the study area indicates that groundwater was suitable for irrigation purpose. Considering overall results, the concentration of EC, cations (Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) and anions (HCO3- and Cl-) in tube well were higher as compare to open well water. The electrical conductivity was strongly highly positive significant with Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, HCO3- and Cl- in tube well as compare to open well (except potassium). Thus, it can be concluded that open well water was suitable for irrigation as compare to tube well water for crop production.ThesisItem Open Access Survival and development of bollworms and expression of cry toxins in public sector Bt cotton hybrids(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2020-09-30) Thakre, Bhushan Ashokrao; Bhamare, V.K.The investigations on the survival and development of bollworms and expression of Cry toxins in public sector Bt cotton hybrids were carried out at the Post Graduate Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Latur (VNMKV, Parbhani), Maharashtra (India) during 2019-20. The survival and development of bollworm larvae was observed instar wise on leaves, squares, young bolls and mature bolls of different public sector Bt cotton hybrids (NHH-44 BG II, PKV Hy-2 BG II, PDKV-JKAL-116 BG II, G. COT-10 Hy. BG II, G. COT-08 Hy. BG II and NHH-44 non-Bt as control) at 60-80, 90-110, 120-140 and 150-170 days old crop, respectively. The different survival and developmental parameters such as larval mortality, larval weight, pupation, pupal weight, adult emergence, growth and survival indices of the survived larvae after releasing on different plant parts of different public sector Bt cotton hybrids at pre-determined intervals were observed. The laboratory bioassay was carried out to study the survival and development of H. armigera and S. frugiperda on different public sector Bt cotton hybrids and evidenced that the larval mortality of early instar H. armigera and S. frugiperda larvae on leaves, squares, young bolls and mature bolls of different public sector Bt cotton hybrids was higher than the later instars. Whereas, the late instar larvae survived on plant parts of all public sector Bt cotton hybrids exhibited adverse effects on the growth and developmental biology of insects, such as reduced larval weights with deformities, prolonged duration for larval development, diminution in pupation, formation of small pupae exhibiting lower weight, reduction in per cent adult emergence with low growth and survival indices for H. armigera and S. frugiperda. The growth and survival index values were lower for the larvae reared on leaves and squares as compared to those reared on young bolls and mature bolls of different public sector Bt cotton hybrids. The laboratory bioassay was conducted to study the survival and development of E. vittella and P. gossypiella on different public sector Bt cotton hybrids and revealed that the larval mortality of the early instar E. vittella larvae on squares and young bolls and the larval mortality of early instar P. gossypiella larvae on mature bolls of different public sector Bt cotton hybrids was higher compared to the later instars. While, the late instar larvae of both E. vittella and P. gossypiella survived on plant parts of different public sector Bt cotton hybrids exhibited very diminutive effects on the growth and developmental biology of insects, such as reduced larval weights, prolonged larval developmental period, reduction in pupation, formation of small pupae having less weight, diminution in per cent adult emergence with small size and unevenly developed body parts of adult and low growth and survival indices. The studies on the expression of Cry toxins on different plant part and growth stages of public sector Bt cotton hybrids (leaves, squares, young bolls and mature bolls at 60, 90, 120 and 150 days, respectively) proved that the expression of Cry toxins (Cry 1Ac and Cry 2A) significantly varied among the plant parts and growth stages of different public sector Bt cotton hybrids. The concentration of Cry 1Ac and Cry 2A toxin ranged significantly from 2.59 to 4.71 and 8.18 to 13.15 μg per g fresh tissue, respectively in leaves of different public sector Bt cotton hybrids at 60 days old crop. The concentration of Cry 1Ac and Cry 2A toxin varied significantly from 2.58 to 3.73 and 14.32 to 15.96 μg per g fresh tissue, respectively in squares of different public sector Bt cotton hybrids at 90 days old crop. The concentration of Cry 1Ac and Cry 2A toxin ranged significantly from 0.67 to 1.47 and 4.25 to 6.40 μg per g fresh tissue in young bolls of different public sector Bt cotton hybrids at 120 days old crop, respectively. While, the concentration of Cry 1Ac and Cry 2A toxin varied significantly from 0.028 to 0.33 and 1.77 to 4.82 μg per g fresh tissue in mature bolls of different public sector Bt cotton hybrids at 150 days old crop, respectively. Significantly highest Cry toxin expression was observed in leaves and squares compared to young bolls and mature bolls. Cry toxin levels were also decreased with the advancement in crop age. A progressive decline in the expression of cry toxins was observed throughout the growing season among all the public sector Bt cotton hybrids with the age and active growth of the plant. Among the different public sector Bt cotton hybrids, NHH-44 BG II evidenced significantly superior results over rest of Bt cotton hybrids.ThesisItem Open Access Seasonal incidence and management of major insect pests of brinjal (solanum melongena L.)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2020-12-30) Soulakhe, Ashwini Bharat; Bantewad, S.D.Investigation of “Seasonal incidence and management of major insect pests of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)” was carried out on research farm of Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Badnapur during Kharif 2019-20. Incidence of aphids on brinjal ranged from 8.9 (33rd SMW) to 14.7(48th SMW) nymphs per three leaves. The peak incidence of aphid recorded (36.8 nymphs/3 leaves) at 44th SMW. The population of Leafhopper was started from during 33rdSMW. The peak incidence of Leafhopper recrded (11.7 nymphs/3 leaves) at 42nd SMW.The whitefly population on brinjal was ranged from 1.8(33rd SMW) to 3.1(49th SMW) adults/3 leaves plant. The population of whiteflies attained its peak of 13.8 at 44th SMW. The population of red spider mite (2.8 mites /4 cm2) was initiated on brinjal in 36thSMW and the peak population (12.8 mites /4 cm2) was observed in 46th SMW. The infestation of brinjal shoot borer was ranged from 6.4 (34th SMW) to 4.8 per cent (48th SMW). The peak of incidence was recorded as 32.8 per cent shoot infestation at (39th SMW). The incidence of brinjal fruit borer was ranged from 5.6 to 34.2 per cent during 38th to 48th SMW of observation. Pest incidence was recorded peak of 40.6 per cent in 42th SMW.The treatments where three application of biopesticide sprays as azadirachtin 1500 ppm, NSKE 5% and Verticillium lecaniiwere found effective against aphids, leafhopper and whitefly at 3,7,14 days after spray followed by treatment Beauveria bassiana, Metarrhizium anisoplae and Bt.Krustaki. The treatments as azadirachtin 1500 ppm found at par with Bt.Krustaki and NSKE 5% found effective against shoot and fruit borer at 3,7,14 days after spray followed by Beauveria bassiana, Metarrhizium anisoplae and Verticillium lecanii. The data on the economics and ICBR of different biopesticide treatments azadirachtin 1500 ppm, NSKE 5%and Bt. Krustaki recorded higheryield and economical followed by Metarrhizium anisoplae, Verticillium lecanii and Beauveria bassiana etc.ThesisItem Open Access Generation mean analysis studies in okra (abelmoschus esculentus L. moench)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2019-08-21) Zate, Dilip Kondbarao; Jawale, L.N.The present investigation, entitled “Generation mean analysis studies in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)” was undertaken using six generations viz., P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 derived from four crosses namely ( Parbhani Kranti × VROR-159, Parbhani Kranti × Kashi Pragati , Kashi Satadhari × VROR-159 and Kashi Satadhari × BO-2) and it was carried out to estimate the gene effect, heterosis, inbreeding depression, heritability and genetic advance. The material along with check Pusa Sawani and Mahyco Bhindi No -10 were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design with three replicates during kharif, 2017. The characters studied were Plant height (cm), Internodal length (cm), Number of nodes on main stem, Number of branches per plant, Days to first flowering. Days to 50% flowering, First fruiting node. Fruit length (cm), Fruit diameter (cm), Fruit weight (g), Number of ridges per fruit, Number of fruits per plant, Marketable fruit yield per plant (g) Yield per plot (Kg), fruit yield (q/ha.), Incidence of Fruit and shoot borer (%) and Incidence of Yellow vein mosaic (%). Analysis of variance for yield and yield components showed highly significant differences among the crosses studied for all the character except for days to flowering in a cross Kashi Satadhari × VROR-159 and Kashi Satadhari × BO-2 and 50% flowering in Kashi Satadhari × BO-2 which indicated the presence of substantial variability in the material under study. Inadequacy of additive-dominance model was evident by the significance of one or more scaling tests A, B, C and D as given by Mather (1949) indicating presence of non-allelic gene action in most of the crosses for various characters under studied. Joint scaling test was significant for all traits except for number of ridges per fruit. The individual scaling tests indicated that the simple additive dominance model was unable to explain the total genetic variability in all the crosses and presence of epistasis was observed for all the seventeen characters studied estimation of main as well as digenic interaction effects by six parameter models revealed the significance of both main and digenic interaction component for various characters. However magnitude of dominant and epistasis components was greater than additive components in most of the characters. The magnitude of dominance (h) component was higher than additive component in characters indicating its predominant occurrence in the inheritance of these characters. The prevalence of duplicate type of epistasis in all the characters over one or more crosses except number of nodes on main stem showing complementary epistasis further confirms the prevalence of dominance gene action. Among the digenic gene component, the dominance × dominance (l) component in general had enhancing effect in the expression of the characters. The additive × additive (d) gene effect was also evident in most of the characters. In heterosis and inbreeding study of F1 and F2 generation, relative heterosis ranges from -46.29% for first fruiting nodes to 44.41% for number of nodes on main stem. The highest relative heterosis for fruit yield per plant in F1 hybrid cross Kashi Satadhari × BO-2 (18.83%) followed by Parbhani Kranti × VROR-159 (15.81%) were recorded over mid parent. However, highest heterobeltiosis in Kashi Satadhari × BO-2 (15.00%) and Parbhani Kranti × VROR-159 (11.68%) and highest standard heterosis observed in Parbhani Kranti × VROR-159 over Pusa Sawani (24.04%) and Mahyco Bhindi No.(19.31%). However, highest positive relative heterosis recorded in Kashi Satadhari × BO-2 (44.41%) for first fruiting nodes and negative relative heterosis observed in Kashi Satadhari × VROR-159 (-46.29%). Inbreeding depression ranges from -106.89% for first fruiting nodes in cross Kashi Satadhari × VROR-159 to 25.81% for internodal length in cross kashi Satadhari × BO-2. However, Inbreeding depression for marketable fruit yield per plant (g) was highest observed in Parbhani Kranti × Kashi Pragati (12.45%) followed by Parbhani Kranti × VROR-159 (12.07%). Among the four crosses, Parbhani Kranti × VROR-159 showing superior over standard check Pusa Sawani for traits. viz. plant height, Fruit weight, Number of fruit per plant, Marketable fruit yield per plant, Fruit yield per plot and Fruit yield per hectare, Number of branches per plant, Number of nodes on main stem, Fruit length and Incidence of yellow vein mosaic (%), days to first flowering and days to 50% flowering and over check Mahyco Bhindi No.10 for traits viz. plant height, Fruit weight, Number of fruit per plant, Marketable fruit yield per plant, Fruit yield per plot and Fruit yield per hectare, Number of nodes on main stem. Crosses which showing significant and positive heterosis for marketable yield per plant also exhibited significant and positive heterosis for its component traits like number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, plant height, number of branches per plant, which indicated that heterotic effect for marketable yield per plant was mainly due to manifestation of heterosis in yield components Broad sense heritability ranges from 31.11% for fruit diameter (cm) in cross Kashi Satadhari × VROR-159 to 97.90% for plant height in a cross Parbhani Kranti × VROR-159. However, highest broad heritability observed in kashi Satadhari × BO-2(89.30) followed by Parbhani Kranti × VROR-159 (78.60%) and narrow sense heritability in Kashi Satadhari × BO-2 (62.25) followed by Parbhani Kranti × VROR-159 (46.56%). However, highest broad sense heritability was observed in Kashi Satadhari × BO-2(97.90%) for number of nodes on main stem and Kashi Satadhari × VROR-159 (97.90%) for number of ridges per fruit. Highest Narrow sense heritability recorded in cross Parbhani Kranti × VROR-159 (83.90) for plant height. Genetic advance at 5% ranges from 0.06% in a cross Kashi Satadhari × VROR-159 for fruit diameter to 44.09% in a cross Parbhani Kranti × VROR-159 for plant height. Genetic advance over mean (%) at 5% ranges from 3.08% in a cross kashi Satadhari × BO-2 to 64.59% in a cross Kashi Satadhari × VROR-159 for incidence of yellow vein mosaic (%). High broad sense heritability was observed for yield and its components. Moderate narrow sense heritability coupled with low to moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for Number of fruits per plant, marketable fruit yield per plant yield per plot, yield per hectare. These characters showed non additive gene action and hence improvement through heterosis breeding or recurrent selection would be effective.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on black mould of onion caused by aspergillus niger (van tiegh)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2018-08) Pudake, Shital Pundlikrao; Hingole, D.G.Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important commercial vegetable crop grown in India. It is known to be affected by several fungal diseases. Recently, the post-harvest disease black mould caused by Aspergillus niger Van Tiegh. has been reported as major constraint in the successful cultivation of onion, affecting the marketable onion yield and production. Black mould disease caused by Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem (An) is a limiting factor in onion (Allium cepa L.) production worldwide. Generally this disease occurs more in white onions as compared to red one because of less phenolic contents. It has been estimated that an average of 20-30% of crop yield is lost annually from the field. Therefore, present investigations on Aspergillus niger were undertaken with the objectives viz., isolation and pathogenicity, physiological, cultural and morphological characteristics of A. niger on different solid media, in-vitro efficacy of different fungicides, bio-agents, botanicals and organic amendments. The pathogen (A. niger) was isolated successfully from the naturally infected onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs showing typical black rot symptoms collected from farmer’s fields. After isolation culture was purified and maintained for further studies. The pathogenicity test was proved by using the conidial suspension of Aspergillus niger Van Tiegh. on onion bulb. Based on symptomatology, cultural and morphological characteristics, microscopic observations and pathogenicity test, the test pathogen was identified as Aspergillus niger and its further identity was confirmed. Physiological, cultural and morphological studies of Aspergillus niger on different media revealed that there were variations in its colony characters, shape, growth and morphological characters. Richard’s agar, Conn’s agar and Potato dextrose agar supported best mycelial growth and sporulation of Aspergillus niger. While the least growth was noticed in Ashby’s agar. However, the large sized conidiophore were produced on the Richard’s agar which was followed by others. However small sized conidia were noticed on Tap water agar and Ashby’s agar. The maximum average conidiophore length was recorded on Richard’s agar while minimum width was observed on Ashby’s agar. Among temperatures regimes studied Aspergillus niger showed maximum mycelial growth and sporulation at 30ºC (90 mm) followed by 35ºC (83.68 mm) and at pH 7 ( 90 mm) followed by pH 6 (86.32 mm) and pH 5 (82.78mm). In-vitro evaluation of the fungicides, bio-agents, botanicals and organic amendments revealed that all the treatments significantly inhibited mycelial growth of the test pathogen over untreated control. The pathogen was found most sensitive to Carbendazim and Thiram (100% inhibition) followed by Benomyl (99.43% inhibition), Carbendazim (12%) + Mancozeb (63%) (98.99% inhibition) and Mancozeb (96.30% inhibition) among the seven fungicides evaluated in-vitro at different concentrations. The antagonist Trichoderma harzianum was recorded to be most effective in reducing mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger among the various antagonism tested. Among plant extracts evaluated in-vitro at different concentrations, the pathogen was found sensitive to Allium sativum and Eucalyptus globules(100% inhibition) followed by Ocimum sanctum (92.74% inhibition) and Zingiber officinale (91.70% inhibition). Among organic amendments evaluated in-vitro at different concentration, the pathogen was found sensitive to Neem cake (97.67% inhibition) followed by Castor cake (95.91% inhibition) and Goat and Sheep manure (91.29% inhibition).ThesisItem Open Access Performance of some improved and local varieties of radish (Raphanus Sativus L.)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2013-05-31) Thorat, Amol Ramesh; Kadam, A. S.The present investigation entitled “Performance of some improved and local varieties of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)” was carried out during Rabi 2012-13 at the Instructional Cum Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Latur. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (R.B.D.) with twelve treatments replicated with thrice. Twelve varieties of radish were used for the study as treatments. The varieties include nine improved radish varieties viz., Pusa Chetaki, Pusa Reshmi, Ankur Naveen, Radish J.W, Minakshi, Ketaki long. Radish Selection, Indem Sweta, Ganesh synthetic and three local varieties viz., Latur Local, Pune Local, Solapur Local. The experiment framed was intended to study die growth, yield and quality performance of different radish varieties and to find out superior radish variety having high yield potential with better quality roots. The observations on different growth yield and quality attributes were recorded and subjected to the statistical analysis. The results of the present investigation clearly showed significant differences with respect to the growth, yield and quality attributes of different radish varieties under study. As regards to the growth parameters the variety Pune local has produced maximum (9.27) number of leaves.The shoot length was maximum (6.80 cm) in Ketaki long. The variety Ganesh Synthetic has recorded maximum (1440.80 cm) leaf area.The variety Pusa Chetaki required minimum (44) number of days required for attaining the alible size of root The significant variations in yield parameters were obsrerved.The weight of whole plant, root weight and shoot weight was maximum in variety Ankur Naveen. The maximum root: shoot ratio (6.54) was observed in variety Ketaki long. The minimum cracked roots (0.54 per cent) was observed in variety Pusa Reshmi and Ganesh Synthetic. The minimum (0.94 per cent) forking was recorded in variety Indem Sweta. The weight and percentage of unmarketable roots were observed minimum in Ganesh Synthetic. The variety Indem Sweta produced maximum root yield (37.75 t/ha). The marketable yield was highest (36.17 t/ha) in variety Indem Sweta and it was at par with the varieties Pusa Reshmi, Ketaki long and Pusa Chetaki. The quality parameters also showed significant variations among varieties. The maximum length of root (30.13 cm) and girth of root (10.78 cm) was recorded in variety Ankur Naveen while, diameter was maximum (3.17 cm) in variety Pune local. The maximum dry matter (8.58) were observed in variety Ankur Naveen while, minimum (1.67) in variety Minakshi. The roots of varieties Indem Sweta, Radish J. W, Ganesh Synthetic, Latur local and Pune local remain in good condition up to 12 days and it was at par with variety Solapur local. The variety Radish J.W., Ganesh Synthetic, Pusa Reshmi and Indem Sweta have performed better with respect to overall rating for the organoleptic test. The correlation studies indicated that the root yield of radish was positively correlated with growth as well as different root characters. In nutshell, the radish varieties Indem Sweta, Ankur Naveen, Ganesh Synthetic and Pusa Reshmi had shown the significantly superior performance with respect to most of the growth, yield and quality attributes. Hence, these varieties are suitable for agroclimatic conditions of Marathwada. Among local varieties, the variety Pune local had performed better. Hence this genotype can be involved in further breeding programme for improving the yield and quality of radish.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different spacings on mung bean varieties under summer season(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2013-05-30) Magar, Sagar Vilas; Alse, U. N.The field investigation entitled “Effect of different spacings on Mung bean varieties under summer season” was conducted during the summer season of 2012 at the experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, V.N.M.K.V., Parbhani with a view to find out effect of spacing on yield of summer green gram varieties. The experiment was laid out in split plot with three spacing viz. 22.5 x 15 cm, 30 x 10 cm and 45 x 7.5 cm in main plot and four varieties of green gram viz. BM-4, BPMR-145, BM-2002- 01 and BM-2003-02 in sub plot with three replication. Gross plot size was 5.4 m x 4.8 m and net plot size were 4.50 m x 3.30 m, 4.20 m x 2.80 m and 3.60 m x 3.30 m for spacing 22.5 cm x 15 cm, 30 cm x 10 cm and 45 cm x 7.5 cm, respectively. The soil was clayey in texture, low in organic carbon, poor in nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus, high in potash and slightly alkaline in reaction (pH 7.57). Sowing was done by dibbling on 5 March, 2012 from the result of experiment it can be concluded that, the green gram variety BM-4 recorded significantly more seed yield than BM-2002-1, BPMR-145 and BM- 2003-02. Sowing of green gram with spacing 45 cm x 7.5 cm showed improvement in growth attributes of individual plants, as compared to spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm and 22.5 cm x 15 cm. However, yield attribute found significantly more with spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm.
