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ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Microbial Flora Of Marketed Rohu And Its Keeping Quality Under Refrigenration(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Sinha, Dharmendra Kumar; S.P. ChoudharyThe present work was undertaken to study the microbial flora of marketed Rohu and its keeping quality under refrigeration. The work was completed in two parte. In the first part, a total of 30 Rohu were examined. There were collected from different fish markets in Ranchi in a period of about 5 months June to November, 1989). Their hygienic quality, bacterial flora of public health significance, sources of contamination and enter pathogenicity of the most common isolates were determined. The hygienic quality of marketed Rohu were determined by total viable, coliform, faecal streptococcal and sulphite reducing clostridial counts. It was concluded on the basis of these counts that marketed Rohu were of poor hygienic quality. Other microbial counts taken were, . aureup, Gran's negative bacteria, psychrotrophic Grem's negative bacteria and yeast and moulds. On an average it was found that gills of marketed chu have a higher microbial load followed by skin and muscle. Altogether, 6 zpactes of Gran's positive bacteria, 16 spices of Gran's negative bacteria, 3 genera of moulds and one of yeast were isolated from different parts of marketed Rohu. The microorganisms vith a per cent distribution of 100 were, Hicrococcus spp., Proteus mirabi lig, Klebsiella oxytoce and Aeromonas hydrophila. 0111s harboured more types of microflora than the skin and muscle. Salmonella newport was isolated from gills and intestine of one of the marketed Rohu and perhaps it was the first report of its isolation from fish.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization, Release Pattern And Effeciency of Udaipur Rock Phosphate in Acid Soils Of Bihar(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Singh, Rajkumar Kumarjit; N. C. SrivastavaUtility of low grade Udaipur rock phosphate (URP) as a source of P in acid soils of Bihar was investigated crystal chemical studies showed the apatite in URP as a fluorapatite with very little substitution of CO for FO. The 'a' axla was found to be 9.37232, while the mole ratio of 003 : PO, and absolute citrate solubility index were 0.006 and 1.262, respectively. A high neutralizing value was observed with URP due to the presence of dolomite. maximum conversion of insoluble phosphate into soluble form due to acidulation with ₂50 was obtained over a period of three hours. In pot culture studies, it was found that as a source of P, SSP was significantly superior to URP in terms of dry matter production and P uptake by wheat and soybean crops. Among three land situations (lowland, medium land and upland), a wide difference in response to applied P was observed. Even liberal application of P could not bring about a buildup in available P in uplands as compared to medium and lowland situations. Field study revealed that URP and HAP alone at 60 kg P₂0/ha level became effective during the third crop. Blending of URP or NRP with FIH or P30 produced similar yield as its mixture with SSP. Residual effect of URP on grain yield increased with increasing level of application from 60 to 300 kg P20/ha, while that of SSP decreased. During the third residual crop 120 kg P₂0/ha as URP vas at par with SSP at 60 kg P20/ha applied to every crop. The relative agronomic effectiveness of RP was noticed to increase with increasing level of application, but the most economic level of URP for wheat and maize crops was found to be 177 ks P₂0/haThesisItem Open Access Studies On Growth And Yield Parameters Of Different Onion Cultivars Under Ranchi Condition(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Kumar, Manoj; S. S.P. VermaTo evaluate different cultivars of onion under Ranchi condition, a field trial was conducted in a randomised block design with four replications and ten treatments (cultivars) at the Vegetable Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural Univer sity, Kanke, Ranchi in the Rabi Season of 1988-89. Out of ten varieties tested, the variety Verma's Giant was found to posses maximum yielding capacity followed by Nasik Red. In quality studies, maximum dry matter percentage was recorded in cv. Verma's Giant whereas maximum total soluble solid was found in cv. Nasik Red followed by Verma's Giant and Country White. In storage behaviour, out of 10 cultivars less rotting was found in Verma's Giant, Poona Prize Taker, Nasik Red. Sprouting percentage after four month storage was also less in Verma's Giant, Nasik Red and Pusa Red.ThesisItem Open Access Variability And Correlation Studies of Some Important Yield Componenets And Protein Content In Maize(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Verma Rajesh; Y. K. SinghThe allogamous crop maize (Zea mays L.) is the third important cereal crop grown for human consumption and animal feed in the world. The present investigation were undertaken with thirty two diverse maize varieties collected mostly from the different regions of Northern India to assess the genetic variability for most of the yield contributing characters. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications during kharif 1988, under rainfed situations in the maize experimental area of Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University. Ranchi. Seven quantitative plant characters including grain yield (q/ha) and total protein content were studied for their phenotypic and genotypic variability. Different genotypic parameters viz., genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability estimates and genetic advance and the genotypic and phenotypic correlations between characters were also studied. Highly significant differences were observed in these varieties for all the characters except cob length. The variety Navjot (43.59 q/ha), Ageti-76 (43.55 q/ha), D-743 (42.99 q/ha) and BAU-82/SW (42.60 q/ha) were recorded high grain yield. Variety M-44 was found with highest total protein content of 10.39 per cent. A wide range of phenotypic and genotypic variability was observed for plant height, grain yield and 100-grain weight, and low variability for protein content and cob-length. The highest estimate of heritability percentage was observed for 100-grain weight, followed by days to silk. The grain yield and cob-length were in the low heritability group. Protein content had medium heritability estimate. The phenotypic and genotypic correlation studies exhibited highly positive and significant genotypic cor relations between plant height, days to tassel, days to silk and 100-grain weight with grain yield. Protein con tent had negative associations with grain yield.ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Rice Leaffolder With Particular Reference Ton Varietal Resistance And Chemical Control(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Prasad, Anirudh; PremchandStudies were made on the biology of the insect, effect of damage by simulating various degrees of damahes, on yield attributes, screening for varietal and chemical control. Biology of the leaffolder was studied. Effect of three degrees of simulated damage were studied. Defoliation at 50 DAT appeared to adversely effect the yield attributes. Such as panicle bearing tiller, panicle length, grain weight and number of grains. Five cultivars have been identified which showed nil incidence as against 30.9% leaf damage in susceptible check TN1. Furadan 3G appeared to be the best insecticide recording the lowest percentage of leaf damage. However it was at par with coroban 10G mocap 10G and padan 4G. When percent productivity tiller is concerned all the treated but padan 4g were better than control. Highest yield was recorded under the treatment furadan 3G. The highest benefit cost ratio was obtained under the treatment trebon 10BCThesisItem Open Access Studies On Some Useful Gamma Irradiated Mutant In Rice(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Das, Saradindu; M. P. SinghRice (Oryza sativa, L.) is the world's most versatile crop. It is also a staple food of India with a production of 71 m. tonnes and productivity of 2.1 t/ha. Eastern region constitutes a large bulk of countries total rice area. Bihar has the largest rice acreage (5.4 m.hactaro) in the country. In the plateau region of Bihar rice is grown in about 1.8 m. hectares with an average yield of 923 kg/hactare. Thus the percentage of area under rice in this region is much greater when compared to other parts of the state but the productivity is very low. Most of the varieties used in this region are traditional, photosensitive , susceptible to lodging and therefore fail to give high yield under high input, management. Under such circumstances this region continues to stagnate at low production and productivity level for long. Efforts were, therefore made in the present study to improve the native rice prevalent to this region through induced mutagenesis. Day and dormant seeds of three rice varieties, viz, BR4 BR and BR, were treated with different doses of gamma rays of co source at F.C.I., Sindri and studies were made in M1 M₂ M3 and 4 generations during Summer and kharif season of 1988 and during Rabi and Kharif seasons of 1989 at Rice Section of B.A.U. and CRRI, Cuttack. Studies in My generation of different irradiated populations of all the three cultivars indicated that there was gradual reduction in the germination rate, seedling height and survival rate, filled percentages, plant survival at maturity and average shoot and root length with the increase in doses of mutagen used. However, very few seedling survived in 60 kr treatment indicating that this dose was lethal to all the three genotypes. In the generation chlorophyll mutation frequency increased with increase in radiation doses. The frequency was higher when calculated on My plant basis than in My panicle basis. The most frequently occurring chlorophyll mutants were albina followed by xantha and striata. Variation in quantitative characters was studied in ₂ generation which showed that there was both increase and decrease in the mean values and co-efficient of variation for all such characters. Besides, a number of morphological viable mutants were obtained. Altogether fifty beneficial mutants were selected and advanced to M3 generation. In a generation the selected fifty mutants were studied for their breeding behavior and confirmed. Finally two promising early maturing mutants of intermediate plant stature and non-lodging habit were obtained from one pedigree of BR8 in 50 kr dose and designated as BR-44-4-3 and BR-44-4-8. Both the selected mutants also possessed medium grain quality with white kernel. Field trial in a generation under medium land situation indicated that though both the mutants yielded slightly lower than the parent but they showed superiority for the traits like maturity period and plant height. They also showed superiority over parent for their resistance to leaf blast and stem borer while retaining the resistance for bacterial leaf blight, brown spot and gall midge when studied under field condition in the same trial. It may be concluded that the gamma-ray, as physical mutagen proThesisItem Open Access Studies Of Helminthosporim Diseaes Occrring On Wheat In Chotanagpur Plateau Of Bihar(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Roy, Shambhu; B. MisraDuring the survey and surviellance programme of the department, two species of Helminthosporium viz H. sativum P.K. & B. (Spot blotch) and H. tritici-repentis Died (Leaf spot) were collected, isolated, identified and described from Chotanagpur region of Bihar. The two species were quite different from each other affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop of the region. These two species were quite distinct to each other. H. sativum having fusoid conidia (widest in the middle) with heavy wall and rounded ends with brown to olavaceous colouration was quite different than that of H. tritici-repentis having fusiform elliptical conidia, hyaline án colour with snaky hood at the basal cell. There were differences in symptom expression also. The farmer had brown spots and the later had straw coloured with distinct yellow halo margin. The sporulating ability of H. sativum was excellent (more than 50 conidia per 10 x 10 optic microscopic field) whereas it was completely absent in case of H. tritici-repentis. The two species differed from each other in cultural characters as well. Although optimum pH for both the species was the same (pH 5), but H. sativum had 28+1°C optimum temperature for growth and it was 25+1°C for H. tritici-repentis. However, both the species were proved to be pathogenic under artificial inoculated condition. Amongst twenty five varieties of wheat screened against the two organism, four varieties viz: BR 380, HUW 206, K 8020 and BR 1011 were found to be resistant to both the pathogens. Amongst different fungicides tested, Dithane M-45 and Blitox 0.2% were proved to be effective against the pathogens. For biological control trial, Trichoderma viride produced certain toxic metabolites in PDA in vitro which turned the medium light greenish yellow (75% of the medium) within 72 hours of inoculation and inhibited the growth and sporulation of H. sativum (100%).ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis, Inbreeding Depression And Heritability Estimates Of Some Yield Components In Wheat(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Kumar, Shreekant; D. K. GanguliFive inter-varietal crosses of wheat (Triticu aestivua), along with their parents (P and P₂), 2 and two back cross generations (BC, and BC) of each cross wore grown in a compact family block design during 1988 to estimate relative heterosis, heteroboltiosis, inbreeding depressions and heritability for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The heritability estimate in the narrow-gense was calculated by the method of variance components from the total variance of F2 and variance of two back cross generations, after Warner (1952) separately for each cross. Among the parents variety HD-2315 (11.83 cm) for ear length, Box-7 (33.13 cm) for peduncle length and 1000 grain weight (45.67 g), CPAN-1962 (55.87) for number of grains/ear and harvest index (56.44%) and HU-220 (10.85 g) for grain yield/plant were the best parents. None of the crosses showed positive heteroboltiosis for ear length. The cross HD-2315 x CPAN-1962 was identified as the best hoterotic cross for peduncle length, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/plant. The range of heterobeltiosis for harvest index was from-11.53 to 11.12 per cent and the best cross HU-220 x HD-2315 for this character gave the highly significant positive heterosis over mid-parent (19.59%) and over better parent (11.12%). The cross showing high hetero sis was found with maximum inbreeding depressions. The average estimate of heritability was low for 1000-grain weight (33.34%); moderate for ear length (51.54%), number of grains/ear (53.735), harvest index (45.67%) and grain yield/ plant (55.54%) and high for peduncle length (78.39%).ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Wilt Of Tomato Caused By IN Chotanagpur, Bihar(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Patra, Mihir Kumar; B. MisraWilt of tomato (tycopersicon eseilentum Ni11) caused by pasarium oxysporum f. Spe lyconersici (sacc.) snyder and Hansen is present in almost all the tomto growing areas of Chotobogpur region of Bihar which varied between 15-75 per cont. The pathogen is mainly soil borne and attacks the plants at any stage of the growth period, The disease development was faster and more on injured root than on the unjured one. Koch's postulates test wore satisfied in the present endings The fungus produces three types of Spores vis; micro-conidie, macro-conidia and chlamydospores in culture. Macro-ecp1d1a rerely occur on the upper surface of the wilted plants, In cultural studies, Sabouraud's dextrose both in solid and liquid media proved to be the best for excellent growth and sporulo- tion of the pathogen temperature of 281°c and pl 5.0 were recorded A to be the best temperature for the growth of the organis However, it 5.5 uos optimum for excellent sponu lotion. Pant T3 and NDR-120 varieties of tomato were free from the disease. However, four cultivars namely selection-s Azad Kirti, B.W. Rs and KS were found to be moderately resistant to the disease at Ranch environmental condition. Direct seeding of tomato from 16th September to 16th January was found to most suitable for cultivation at Ranchi condition, Direct sown crop was less affected with the wilt than transplanted one. Bavistin proved to be most suitable fangcide which increased the germination percentage of artificially inoculated seeds. The fungcide (Bovistin) was also most effective in suppressing the mycelial growth in the laboratory experiments. Trichodersa viride enhanced germination of Fusariom OXYSnords f. p. 1yeonepetal Inoculated seed and vos found as a strong antagonist which could effectively control the pathogen (50-100 per cent) within 79 hours in vitro, however, its application at field level is still to be tested.
