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Open Access
GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF “T&D” AND ITS CROSSES WITH EXOTIC PIGS
(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Himkar, Himanshu Kumar; Singh, S. K.
1. It was concluded that performance of crosses of T&D with Russian charmukha was superior than T&D × T&D followed by T&D × Tamworth and T&D × Hampshire. 2. Growth rate of suckling piglets during pre-weaning period decreased with the increase of litter size at birth of dam. 3. There was decrease in mortality rate with the advancement of ages. Majority of mortality was noticed during first two weeks of pre-weaning period. 4. The medium to high estimates of heritability for growth trait indicated that there is a good scope for increasing weight at different ages through selection. 5. The positive and significant phenotypic correlations among body weights at various ages would form an excellent basis for selection at an earlier age. 6. The high and positive genetic correlations among body weights at various ages would form an excellent basis for selection at an earlier age.
Open Access
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Staphylococcus aureus FROM MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS
(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Kujur, Anne Renku; Yadava, R.
In the present study altogether 190 samples, comprising 100 samples of raw milk and 90 samples of milk products were examined.50 samples each of raw milk were taken from two different sources i.e farms and private vendors and 30 samples each of peda, kalakand and paneer were collected from local shops and standard shops of Ranchi city and were subjected to Staphylococcal count and result was expressed in log10 scale. 30 samples of peda, comprising 15 samples taken from local shops and 15 from standard shops showed Staphylococcal count ranging from 0.000 to 5.397 with an average of 2.011±0.585 log10/g and 0.000 to 4.477 with an average of 1.379±0.470 log10/g respectively.Similarly 30 samples of kalakand, comprising 15 samples taken from local shops and 15 from standard shops showed Staphylococcal count ranging from 0.000 to 7.845 with an average of 3.170±0.855 log10/g and 0.000 to 7.344 with an average of 3.076±0.894 log10/g respectively.Staphylococcal count in 30 samples of paneer, comprising 15 samples from local shops and 15 samples from standard shops ranged from 0.000 to 8.701 with an average of 4.832±0.923 log10/g and 0.000 to 7.049 with an average of 3.893±0.855 log10/g respectively. In 100 samples of raw milk, comprising 50 samples collected from farms and 50 samples from private milk vendor the Staphylococcal count ranged from 0.000 to 7.819 With an average of 2.820 ± 0.411 log10/g and 0.000 to 9.049 with an average of 3.862±0.470 log10/g respectively. The recovery percentage of Staphylococcus spp from peda samples collected from local and standard shops was 53.84% and 50.00% respectively. Similarly percentage of Staphylococcus from kalakand samples from local and standard shops was 57.14% and 53.84% and that of paneer samples was recorded as 90.90% and 90.00% respectively.The isolation percentage of Staphylococcus spp from milk samples collected from farms and private milk vendors was recorded as 59.5% and 62.5% respectively. 102 isolates of Staphylococcus spp were isolated out of which 9 strains were of Coagulase negative Staphylococci and 93 strains were of Coagulase positive Staphylococci. Out of 93 strains of Coagulase positive Staphylococcus, 91 strains were Staphylococcus aureus and 2 were other species of Staphylococcus. Incidence of S.aureus was lower in peda, kalakand and paneer collected from standard shops than local shops.The contamination in paneer samples was higher followed by kalakand and peda collected from both local and standard shops. Out of 93 strains of Coagulase positive Staphylococcus spp isolated from milk and milk products, 91 Staphylococcus aureus strains were subjected to biotyping on the basis of three properties-hydrolysis of Tween 80, pigmentation on Tween 80 Agar and Urease production. It was found that majority of isolates fell in biotype A (46.15%) followed by D (32.96%), B (10.98%) and C (09.89%). All the 102 isolates of Staphylococcus were subjected to in vitro drug sensitivity test using 10 different antimicrobial agents i.e Gatifloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Azithromycin, Aztreonam, Doxycycline, Vancomycin, Ampicillin and Cotrimoxazole.The drug sensitivity test revealed that Staphylococcus spp were highly sensitive to Gatifloxacin followed by Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Sparfloxacin , moderately sensitive to Vancomycin, Doxycycline, Aztreonam and Azithromycin. The organisms were resistant to Ampicillin and Cotrimoxazole. Results indicate that strict preventive measures should be adopted to ensure contamination free milk products for good health of consumers.
Open Access
IDENTIFICATION OF VIABLE ENTREPRENEURIAL TRADES FOR FARM WOMEN IN JHARKHAND
(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Hansdah, Barma; Bara, Niva
The findings of the study provide relevant information related to socio-economic and entrepreneurial characteristics of woman entrepreneurs and also general information regarding their enterprises. The study also revealed the motivational factors and perception of woman entrepreneurs about the business environment. It is evident from the study that the women were good managers and getting support from their family members and extension organizations. Based on the findings it can be concluded that entrepreneurial income of farm woman was also crucial for improving their position, self esteem, self confidence, self development and decision making power in the family, as well as giving them the means for survival when the family support system breaks down. The woman entrepreneurs under the study reported a number of constraints which could be removed by appropriate measures. It may be concluded that there is need to encourage viable entrepreneurial activities like poultry, vegetable cultivation, mushroom cultivation, dairy, goatry, tailoring and pickle making. by mitigating constraints for grater economic independence by conducting need-based training and providing initial inputs through SHGs. Intensive technical guidance and essential extension services should be rendered for entrepreneurship development apart from strengthening the institutional and infrastructural facilities.
Open Access
SEROPREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN CATTLE AND THEIR ATTENDANTS IN AND AROUND RANCHI
(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Roushan, Rustam Kumar; ., Kalimuddin
The present study was undertaken to access the seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle and their attendants in and around Ranchi. The serological tests, like STAT, RBPT, HIT, 2MET and ELISA were employed on the collected serum samples of cattle and humans of occupationally exposed persons like animal handler’s, farmers and patients having pyrexia of unknown origin to detect Brucella antibodies. The MRT was also done after the collection of milk samples from individual cow. A total of 545 serum samples comprising 428 from cattle and 117 from human beings collected from different areas of Ranchi district were subjected to STAT, RBPT, HIT, 2MET and ELISA for detecting antibodies. STAT was carried out by using Brucella abortus antigen and RBPT was carried out by using RBPT antigen. Both antigens were procured from I.V.R.I izzatnagar, Bareilly. Milk ring test was also done by using ABR antigen supplied from I.V.R.I, izzatnagar Bareilly. ELISA was carried out by using the smooth lipopolysacharide (s-lps) based avidin-biotin ELISA kit supplied by project Director on animal disease monitoring and surveillance (PD-ADMAS), Bangalore. Out of 353 milk samples tested from individual cow comprising of R.V.C dairy (16), Military dairy (214), Kisan dairy (78) and Local cattle (45) 87 (24.66%) were found positive. Out of 87 positive samples 4(25.00%), 45(21.03%), 20(25.64%), and 18(40%), were positive from R.V.C dairy, Military dairy, Kisan dairy and Local cattle respectively. In cattle a total of 428 serum samples comprising of 33, 220, 80 and 95 from R.V.C dairy, Military dairy, Kisan dairy and Local cattle were tested by STAT, RBPT, HIT, 2-MET ELISA respectively. The seropositivity of brucellosis were 4(12.12%), 36(16.36%), 16(20.00%) and 25(26.32%) in STAT, 2(6.06%), 46(20.91%), 20(25.00%) and 28(29.47%) in RBPT, 0(0.00%), 26(11.82%), 13(16.25%) and 20(21.05%) in HIT, 0(0.00%), 24(10.91%), 11(13.75%) and 15(15.79%) in 2-MET and 2(6.06%), 49(22.27%), 22(27.50%) and 30(31.58%) in ELISA in respective dairy cattle. In human Out of 117 serum samples the seropositivity was recorded 8 (6.84%), 9(7.69%), 3(2.56%), 5(4.27%) and 10 (8.55 %) in STAT, RBPT, 2- MET, HIT and ELISA respectively. Out of 117 serum samples 17 were of animal handlers, 55 of farmers and 45 of patient having pyrexia of unknown origin were tested by STAT, RBPT, 2-MET, HIT and ELISA for Brucella agglutinins. The seropositivity was recorded 2(11.76%), 1(1.82%) and 5(11.11%) in STAT, 2(11.76%), 1(1.82%) and 6(13.33%) in RBPT, 1(5.88%) 0(0%) and 2(4.44%) in 2-MET, 1(5.88%) , 0(0.00%) and 4(8.89%), in HIT and 2(11.76%), 2(3.64%) and 6(13.33%) in ELISA respectively. Out of 428 serum samples of cattle 37 were of retention of placenta, 26 of repeat breeders, 8 of abortion and 357 of apparently healthy cows tested by STAT, RBPT, HIT, 2-MET and ELISA. The seropositivity was 21(56.76%), 16(61.54%), 7(87.50%), and 37(10.36%), in STAT, 23(62.16%), 16(61.54%), 8(100%) and 49(13.73%), in RBPT, 18(48.65%), 12(46.15%), 7(87.50%), and 22(6.16%), in HIT, 13(35.14%), 11(42.31%), 7(87.50%), and 19 (5.32%) in 2-MET and 24(64.86%) 19(73.08%) 8(100%) and 52(14.57%) in ELISA respectively. In cattle the relative sensitivity and specificity of RBPT and STAT were also compared with ELISA. The RBPT showed 91.26 % sensitivity and 99.38 % specificity and STAT showed 77.66 % sensitivity and 99.69 % specificity in cattle. In human also RBPT and STAT was compared with ELISA for sensitivity and specificity. The RBPT showed 90.00 % sensitivity and 100.00 % specificity, STAT showed 70.00 % sensitivity and 99.06 % specificity. On the basis of above findings in present study the following points may be concluded.
Open Access
Pharmacokinetic Studies Of Levofloxacin In Healthy And Hepatopathic Turkeys
(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Rupam, Richa; Roy, B. K.
 An overall view of result obtained indicated that LVX persisted for longer time in hepatopathic turkeys in case of both i.v. and oral administrations.  Based on pharmacokinetic parameters LVX may be given i.v. @5.09 mg/kg body weight at 66.13h interval and orally @12.49mg/kg body weight at 88.16h interval in hepatopathic turkeys.
Open Access
AN ASSESSMENT ON WORKING OF LIVESTOCK DEPENDENT SELF HELP GROUPS (SHGs) IN RANCHI DISTRICT OF JHARKHAND
(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Rewani, Sanjay Kumar; Oraon, J.
Indian micro-finance sector dominated by Self Help Groups (SHGs) addresses issues like actualizing equitable gains from the development and fighting poverty. Livestock development through SHGs are, therefore presently on the limelight due to their immense impact on capacity building and demographic enlightenment in rural India. The SHG-bank linkage programme has not progressed in the state of Jharkhand at the same pace as in other parts of country. With this backdrop of poor progress of SHGs in Jharkhand, the present study entitled “An Assessment on Working of Livestock Dependent Self Help Groups (SHGs) in Ranchi District of Jharkhand” was conducted with the following objectives: 1. To study the socio-personal, communication and psychological characteristics of SHG members. 2. To understand the structure and function of selected SHGs. 3. To study the social empowerment of SHG members. 4. To assess the economic empowerment of SHG members. 5. To compare the performance of Government promoted and NGO promoted SHGs. 6. To study the perception of SHG members towards the programme. The present study was carried out in purposively selected Ranchi district of Jharkhand owing to the presence of large number of SHGs in this area, which were predominantly involved in livestock rearing. Three blocks of Ranchi district namely Kanke, Angara and Ormanjhi, having maximum number of livestock dependent SHGs were purposively selected for the study. Two government promoted and two NGO promoted SHGs were randomly selected from each block. Thus, a total of twelve SHGs were selected. All selected SHGs were Women SHGs. All members of the randomly selected SHGs were taken as respondents for the study. Thus, a total of 140 respondents were selected. They were interviewed personally with the help of a structured schedule. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools. The salient findings of the study were : majority of the SHG members were middle aged (53.57%), illiterate (75.71%), belonging to ST category (61.43%), possessing small sized family (51.43%) and having agriculture as primary (57.14%) and livestock rearing as secondary (41.43%) occupation ; majority of them were having marginal land holding (67.86%) with annual income upto Rs. 25,000 (62.14%) and 6-10 years experience in animal husbandry (51.43%) ; a great majority of the respondents had low level of extension contact (80.71%), mass media exposure (89.29%) and availability of technical inputs (81.43%) ; most of the members (93.57%) had taken training for animal husbandry and a large number of them were having either neutral or favourable attitude towards animal husbandry (43.57% and 42.14%, respectively) ; majority of the respondents had high level of economic motivation (57.86%) and medium knowledge about animal husbandry practices (60.71%). Majority of the SHGs (83.33%) were medium sized having 10 to 15 members and all the SHGs were homogenous in terms of social and financial background of their members ; structure and conduct of SHGs especially with reference to size, homogeneity, conduct and attendance of meetings, utilization of savings, record keeping etc. were broadly in conformity with the guidelines of the programme ; all the SHGs had passed the Ist grading and had received the revolving fund but only half of them were able to cross the IInd grading and of them only one-third had availed bank loan for Income Generating Activities (IGAs) ; half of the SHGs had taken pig rearing, one-third had taken goat rearing and rest (16.67%) had taken cattle rearing as their IGAs, and only some of the members in all SHGs were involved in IGAs. There was a positive and significant change in the self confidence level, participation in decision making within family and membership in other organizations of the members after joining SHG, however, there was no significant change in economic independency, control over their income and participation in decision making of the members at group or community level ; there was a significant increase in the annual household income of the members from livestock rearing and total annual household income, and a considerable increase in the possession of the assets like home appliances, type of houses, vehicles etc. of the members after joining SHG ; there was no significant difference in the performance of government promoted and NGO promoted SHGs ; almost all the SHG members were in agreement with the positive statements about the SHG and majority were in disagreement with the negative statements.
Open Access
Pharmacokinetic Studies Of Gatifloxacin In Healthy And Hepatopathic Turkeys
(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Sarkar, Koushik; Roy, B. K.
An overall view of result obtained indicates that GTX persisted for longer time in hepatopathic turkeys in case of both i.v. and oral administrations. Based on pharmacokinetic parameters GTX may be given i.v. @ 9.56 mg/kg body weight at 52.98 h interval and orally @ 12.52 mg/kg body weight at 88.30 h interval in hepatopathic turkeys.
Open Access
PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES OF ENROFLOXACIN AND ITS INTERACTION WITH MELOXICAM IN TURKEYS
(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Toppo, Reetu; Roy, B. K.
The present experiment was conducted in eighteen turkeys. The estimation of Enrofloxacin and meloxicam concentration in plasma sample was done by HPLC coupled with variable wavelength UV/VIS detector attached with an integrator and LichroCART cartridge column was used. Injection of sample and standard were done by 25 μl loop of Hamilton syringe. (i) Enrofloxacin: Mobile phase: As mentioned above. λ value: 280 nm Flow rate: 1 ml/min Temperature of oven: 40ºC (ii) Meloxicam: Mobile phase: As mentioned above. λ value: 355 nm Flow rate: 0.8 ml/min Temperature of oven: 35ºC Enrofloxacin (ENR)  The mean C°p of ENR alone in turkeys ( 10.38±0.43 μg/ml) was found to be similar to ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (9.35±0.62 μg/ml) i.v. in turkeys.  The mean β value of ENR alone in turkeys (0.26±0.01 h-1) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (0.26±0.01 h- 1) i.v. in turkeys.  The mean t½β of ENR alone in turkeys (2.73±0.12 h) was found to be similar that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (2.70±0.13 h) i.v. in turkeys.  The mean AUC of ENR alone in turkeys (20.51±1.47 mg/L.h) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (17.72±1.40 mg/L.h) i.v. in turkeys.  The mean AUMC of ENR alone in turkeys (76.56±8.99 mg/L.h) was found to be similar to that ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (66.94±7.16 mg/L.h) i.v. in turkeys.  The mean MRT of ENR alone in turkeys (3.65±0.21 h) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (3.73±0.18 h) i.v. in turkeys.  The mean ClB of ENR alone in turkeys (8.41±0.66 ml/kg/min) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (9.79±0.84 ml/kg/min) in turkeys.  The mean Vdarea of ENR alone in turkeys (1.95±0.08 L/kg) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (2.26±0.15 L/kg) in turkeys.  The mean K12 of ENR in turkeys (0.84±0.12 h-1) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (1.22±0.26 h-1) in turkeys.  The mean K21 of ENR in turkeys (1.15 ±0.08 h-1) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (1.51±0.23 h-1) in turkeys.  The mean K2 of ENR in turkeys (0.48±0.03 h-1) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (0.50±0.02 h-1) in turkeys.  The mean T/P ratio in turkeys (0.91±0.06) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (0.94±0.06) in turkeys.
Open Access
Prevalence, Pathology and Immunity to E, tenella Infection in Poultry
(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Kujur, Jyoti Kiran; Deb, A.R.
Stresroak was found to be a good protector as well as growth promoter without any side effect. The effectiveness of the drug were found to depend on the dose of infection. 66 Further studies are needed to determine the dose of the drug which can give maximum protection during infection and treatment under laboratory and farm condition

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