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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “GENETIC VARIABILITY AND DIVERGENCE STUDIES IN RIDGE GOURD (Luffa acutangula L.)”
    (COLLEHE OF HORITCULTURE, MOJERLA, 2022-03-24) GUGULOTHU SURESH; Dr.N.SREENIVASAN; Dr.J.Srinivas; Dr.B.SAI KRISHNA NIKHIL
    The investigation entitled “Genetic Variability and Divergence studies in Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) genotypes” was carried to estimate the genetic divergence, genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and yield components of ridge gourd genotypes. Twenty four genotypes were sown in a Randomized Block Design with three replications to evaluate genetic divergence at College of Horticulture, Mojerla, Wanaparthy, during Rabi, 2021. The data on analysis of variance (ANOVA) for yield and yield contributing characters under study revealed that there was significant amount of variation among genotypes for all the sixteen characters studied. Wide range of variability was observed for number of leaves per vine (700.51) followed by average fruit weight (643.33) and days to first appearance of male flower (12.27) indicating the scope for selection of initial breeding material for further improvement. The results of mean performance of twenty four genotypes for sixteen characters revealed that the genotype IC - 279347 found to be the superior for yield and yield contributing characters i.e., fruit yield per vine (1956.48), number of fruits per vine (4.44 g) and average fruit weight (146.88). The genotype IC - 341099 found to be significantly superior for number of primary branches (15.778). The genotype IC - 262128 recorded more number of leaves per vine (120.55). The genotype IC - 279347 was found to be superior for leaf width. Highest internodal length was found in genotype IC - 264908 (21.23). Mahalanobis D2 statistical analysis classified twenty four genotypes into five clusters and revealed that fruit yield per vine (14.32%) contributed maximum towards divergence followed by number of fruits per vine (13.45%), fruit diameter (11.50%), node number for first female flower appearance (9.78%), fruit length (8.90%), sex ratio (8.21%), node number for first male flower appearance (7.00%), average fruit weight (6.50%), days to first female flower appearance (4.00%), internodal length (3.00%), number of leaves per vine (2.00%), days to first male flower appearance (2.00%), number of primary branches (1.09%), leaf width (1.00%), and leaf length (0.36%). The inter cluster D2 value revealed that the highest inter cluster generalized distance (522.87) was between cluster IV and V while the lowest (13.56) was between cluster II and IV. The genotypes of clusters showing high genetic divergence could be effectively utilized in heterosis breeding programme. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean indicates operation of additive gene action which was observed in characters viz., number of leaves per vine, average fruit weight. From correlation studies, fruit yield per vine exhibited high significant positive association with vine length, number of primary branches, internodal length, number of leaves per vine, leaf length, node number for first male flower appearance, node number for first female flower appearance, days to first male flower appearance, days to first female flower appearance, sex ratio, number of fruits per vine, average fruit weight, fruit length and diameter indicating the importance of these traits in selection for yield. These characters should form selection criterion in breeding programmes. Direct selection based on these traits could result in simultaneous improvement of traits and bulb yield in ridge gourd. The path coefficient analysis in the study revealed the improvement of yield by improving the characters i.e., vine length, number of primary branches, internodal length, leaf length, days to first male flower appearance, sex ratio, number of fruits per vine, average fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter, the genotypes exhibited the genotypes which exhibited better performance for these characters can be used in further improvement of ridge gourd. Considering the mean performance, five superior genotypes viz., IC 279347, IC- 262128, IC- 355974 and IC-355959 with high yield and quality components may be utilized as parents in further improvement studies through various breeding strategies and after multilocation, multiseasonal studies may be released.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STABILITY ANALYSIS OF YIELD, YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS AND MOLECULAR PROFILING OF PROMISING GENOTYPES OF CLUSTER BEAN (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.Taub.)
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2020-10-01) RACHAMALLA RAVI TEJA; Dr. P. SAIDAIAH
    A field investigation entitled “STABILITY ANALYSIS OF YIELD, YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS AND MOLECULAR PROFILING OF PROMISING GENOTYPES OF CLUSTER BEAN (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.)” was carried out in 25 genotypes for 17 yield and yield attributing traits in three environments for estimation of stability parameters using Eberhart and Russell model (1966) of phenotypic stability and genetic variability and molecular marker based genotyping was also studied. Twenty five genotypes of cluster bean including one check were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications during Kharif, 2019 at three locations representing three agroclimatic Zones of Telangana i.e., PG Research Block, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Southern Telangana Zone), JVR Horticultural Research Station, Malyal, Mahabubabad (Central Telangana Zone) and progressive farmers field at Vemulawada, Karimanagar (Northern Telangana Zone). The main objective of the experiment was to identify stable genotypes to release as a varieties for commercial cultivation. The Analysis of Variance revealed significant differences between genotypes indicating presence of sufficient amount of variability in all the 17 characters studied. Wide range of variability was observed for pod yield per plant (4292.5), plant height (1613.3) and number of pods per plant (1054.43) indicating the scope for selection of initial breeding material for further improvement based on these characters. On the basis of mean performance over three locations, genotype i.e., IC-103295 was found superior over the check variety Pusa Navabahar for pod yield per plant (187g), followed by IC-9052 (157.06 g) and IC-34344 (131.61 g). Same genotype also registered superior number of branches per plant (9.3), number of pods per plant (103.15), plant height (119.744 cm) and number of clusters per plant (18.47) over the check variety Pusa Navbahar. Based on the environmental index, Hyderabad location was found to be favourable for plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, days to maturity, pod length, pod girth, pod weight, number of seeds per pod, pod yield per plant, pod yield per hectare, protein content and gum content. Karimnagar location was found favorable for plant spread, number of branches per plant, days to first flowering, number of clusters per plant and pod length. Malyal location was found favourable for plant spread, days to first flowering, days to first flowering and fibre content. Three cluster bean genotypes viz., IC-103295 (33.02 %), IC-10323 (32.46%) and IC-9077P1 (32.07%) exhibited significantly highest gum content compared with check variety Pusa Navbahar (28.1%). The promising genotype IC-103295 had average stability for number of branches per plant, days to first flowering, pod yield per hectare, pod girth, pod length, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant, protein content and gum content but showed below average stability for plant spread and above average stability for pod weight and number of clusters per plant. Genotype IC-200680 showed average stability for number of seeds per pod, pod yield per plant, pod yield per hectare and number of clusters per plant. The genotype IC-9052 showed average stability for days to 50 % flowering, number of clusters per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod yield per plant, pod weight, number of pods per plant and pod yield per hectare but below average stability for fibre content and number of branches per plant and above average stability for number of pods per cluster. Genotype IC-10323 showed average stability for number of seeds per pod, pod yield per plant, pod yield per hectare, number of clusters per plant and days to maturity. Genotypes IC-9052, IC-10323, IC-10333, IC-103295 and IC-200680 were high yielding and stable under all environments were categorized under group-I. While genotypes IC-177844 and IC-140774 were high yielding and suitable to favourable environments were categorized under group-II. IC-140777 exhibited high yielding and suitable to unfavourable environments were categorized under group-III. Genotypes IC-34344 and IC-39989 high yielding and unstable were categorized under group-IV. GA as per cent of mean, GCV and PCV values were at par with each other for most of the characters which indicated that the influence of the environment on the trait (s) was very negligible. The recorded values were not influenced by the environment. It is a true reflection of the homeostasis effect or buffer reaction of the gene. Thus, the true reflection of the trait is exhibited. A true agreement with the GCV and PCV values in the present investigation for the 17 characters was noticed, indicating additive genetic variance governing the high heritability with high genetic advance as per cent of mean. Thus, a breeder can employ a simple selection process which will be a rewarding one to improve the characters viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod girth, pod weight, number of seeds per pod, pod yield per plant, pod yield per hectare, protein content, gum content and fibre content. High heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean observed for days to first flowering and days to 50 per cent flowering. Out of 30 markers, used in the investigation all the markers produced a clear and good amplification which can be score and used for analysis. 100% polymorphism was attained across the genotypes with total 1756 amplicons. Among these, OPL-5 was highest with outcome of 100 amplicons, OPA-9 and OPS-4 followed with 84 and 83 amplicons respectively. The highest number of 100 bands with 6 alleles was amplified with OPL-5, followed by OPA-9 and OPS- 4 with 5 alleles each and the least number of 28 bands with OPB-10 yielded 2 alleles. High PIC value was observed for markers i.e. OPH-2(0.728) followed by OPA-7 (0.718). Low PIC value was observed for OPC-8 (0.3228). On the basis of mean performance of the genotypes for all the traits studied, four genotypes viz., IC-103295 (187 g), IC-9052 (157.06 g), IC-200680 (146.6 g) and IC-10323 (137.15 g) were identified as promising for yield per plant and stable when compared to check variety Pusa Navbahar (106.8 g). The selected germplasm can be use as parental source for the development of superior cluster bean varieties for commercial cultivation. They are also recorded clear molecular divergence.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF ORGANIC, INORGANIC AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CAPSICUM UNDER PROTECTED CONDITIONS (Capsicum annum L.)
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2019-11-11) K. SRINIVAS; Dr. M. HANUMAN NAYAK
    he present investigation entitled “Effect of organic, inorganic and bio fertilizers on growth and yield of capsicum under protected conditions (Capsicum annum L.)” was conducted during rabi season of 2018 at the Research Farm, Vegetable research station, RJNR to find out the effect of combination of organic , inorganic nutrients to maximize the productivity and economics of capsicum cultivation under protected condition. The experiment was conducted in Research farm, Vegetable research station, Rajendra nagar with a view to ascertain the effect of organic, inorganic and bio fertilizers individually or in different combinations on the growth and yield characters of capsicum crop. The soil the field was red sandy soil. It was fairly rich in organic matter and had good water percolation capacity. The source of irrigation was drip irrigation system. Rajendra nagar is situated nearby Hyderabad where there is a drastic increase in diurnal temperatures in recent times, where as, the same situation is seen in almost all regions of the state. In this situation protected cultivation is mainly being opted by the farmers all over the state where capsicum proved to be a profitable vegetable crop under protected conditions. But the cost of cultivation of capsicum under protected condition increases as the timely application of fertilizers is mandatory for the crops being grown under protected conditions. So to overcome this situation an alternative solution to RDF application to be substituted with some of the available organic sources such as FYM, Vermicompost, and biofertilizer (Azotobacter) has been used in this experiment either in combinations among themselves or with recommended inorganic sources of fertilizers The twelve treatment combinations were replicated three times in a randomized block design. The NPK fertilizers were applied as urea, SSP and MOP/ha. The seedlings were transplanted on 15.11.2018 and the first picking was started from 05.01.2019. Under growth characters height of plant and number of branches were studied. Under reproductive characters, days taken to first flowering, 50%flowering and days to fruit-set were taken. In yield characters, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight and yield per plant, per square meter and per hectare were studied. Quality of capsicum fruit measured by its ascorbic acid content and chlorophyll content in fruit. Amongst the combined application of organic-cum-inorganic nutrients, T11 having four sources of nutrients was continued to be the best with respect to growth, flowering, fruiting characters, yield, quality and economics also. The second best fertility treatment was T10 having Vermicompost 5 t/ha +Biofertilizer (Azotobactor) + 50% NPK. This was followed by T1 treatment which proved to be the third best treatment. On the other hand, the significantly lowest values of all the rcharacters was obtained from T6 and T7 treatments having half dose of FYM or vermicompost with Azotobacter CONCLUSION In view of the findings and results presented above, it may be concluded that out of the twelve treatments comprising organic-cum-inorganic sources of nutrients, the treatment T11(FYM 10 t/ha + vermicompost 2.5 t/ha + Azotobacter + 50% NPK (N50P30K40) emerged as the best treatment with respect to growth, yield, quality and economic aspects of capsicum var. Indra. SUGGESTIONS Since these results are based on one-year experiment, further trials may be needed to substantiate the results.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) GENOTYPES
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2021-12-17) MAREDDY PRASHANTHI; Dr. D. LAKSHMINARAYANA
    The present investigation entitled “Genetic characterization of onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes” was carried out at College of Horticulture, SKLTSHU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, season of the year, during rabi, 2021.to estimate the genetic divergence, genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and yield components of onion genotypes. Forty onion genotypes were sown in a Randomized Block Design with three replications to estimate the genetic divergence, genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and yield components of onion genotypes. The data on analysis of variance (ANOVA) for yield and yield contributing characters observed revealed that there was significant difference among genotypes for all the ten characters studied. Among them, wide range of variability was observed for average bulb weight (769.40 g) followed by yield per hectare (164.45 t) and days taken to maturity (145.05 days) indicating the scope for selection of initial breeding material for further improvement. The results pertaining to mean performance of forty genotypes for ten characters indicated that the genotype 1770 was the superior for yield and yield contributing characters i.e., yield per hectare (57.59 t), average bulb weight (129.60 g), equatorial bulb diameter (7.20 cm) and polar bulb diameter (6.63 cm), the genotype Bhima Raj was significantly best for plant height (62.39 cm). While Bhima Shwetha recorded less number of days taken to maturity (95.33 days) and maximum for ascorbic acid content (12.52 mg 100-1 g) as compared to other genotypes. The genotype 1745 registered higher neck thickness (2.01 cm) and more number of leaves per plant (12.80). Highest total soluble solids (TSS) was found in W-246 cp (14.60 oBrix). Mahalanobis D2 statistical analysis classified forty genotypes into twelve clusters and showed that total soluble solids (28.33 %) contributed maximum towards divergence, followed by neck thickness (24.36 %), ascorbic acid (21.15 %), average bulb weight (14.10 %), yield per hectare (4.87 %), days taken to maturity (4.10 %), number of leaves per plant (1.92 %), plant height (0.64 %) and equatorial bulb diameter (0.51 %). The inter cluster D2 value revealed that the highest inter cluster generalized distance (150.67) was between cluster Ⅷ and Ⅶ, while the lowest (13.56) was between cluster Ⅲ and Ⅱ. The genotypes of clusters who were expressing high genetic divergence could be effectively utilized in heterosis breeding programme. High heritability coupled with maximum genetic advance as per cent of mean indicates operation of additive gene action which was observed in characters viz.,neck thickness, average bulb weight and yield per hectare. The data on correlation studies, indicating that bulb yield exhibited, significantly positive association with number of leaves per plant, neck thickness, equatorial bulb diameter, polar bulb diameter, ascorbic acid content and average bulb weight expressing the importance of these traits in selection for yield. The path coefficient analysis revealed that improvement of yield by improving the characters i.e., plant height, TSS, polar bulb diameter, and average bulb weight and the genotypes which exhibited better performance for these characters can be used in further improvement of onion. By considering the mean performance of the forty genotypes, five superior genotypes viz., 1770, 1774, Bhima Shwetha, W-125 and 1772 with high yield and quality components may be utilized as parents in further improvement studies through various breeding strategies and after multilocation, multiseasonal studies may be released.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF USE OF DIFFERENT ATTRACTANT TRAPS AGAINST CUCURBIT FRUIT FLY ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF RIDGE GOURD [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.] UNDER MULCHED CONDITIONS
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2021-10-30) CHERALA RAKESH; Dr. D. LAKSHMINARAYANA
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of use of different attractant traps against cucurbit fruit fly on yield and quality of ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.] under mulched conditions” was carried out during the rabi season of the year 2020-21 at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments and replicated thrice viz., T1 (Cue lure with destruction of damaged fruits) T2 (Cue lure + Fipronil -6:4:2) T3 (Cue lure + Thiamethoxam -6:4:2) T4 (Cuelure + Spinosad -6:4:2) T5 (Poison bait with destruction of damaged fruits) T6 Poison bait (Vinegar rotted ridge gourd –100 gm)+ Fipronil @ 50 ml; T7 Poison bait + Thiamethoxam @ 50 gm; T8 Poison bait + Spinosad @ 50 ml; T9 control (with mulching). The results revealed that among the different attractant traps T4 treatment (Cue lure + Spinosad) recorded significantly maximum fruit yield (22.45 MT/ha) with the lowest percentage of cucurbit fruit fly damage (15.93) and also same treatment registered more number of cucurbit of fruit flies catches per trap per week (17.78). The study pertaining to longevity of lure indicated that, certain abiotic factors viz minimum temperature, morning relative humidity and rainfall expressed the positive correlations, whereas maximum temperature evening relative humidity, number of rainy days, wind speed and wind direction exhibited the negative correlation with respect to number of cucurbit fruit flies catches in different traps. The study pertaining to longevity of lure indicated that among different abiotic factors, like minimum temperature, morning relative humidity and rainfall exhibited the positive correlation with number of cucurbit fruit flies catches in different attractant traps whereas other abiotic factors viz., maximum temperature, evening relative humidity, number of rainy days, wind speed and wind direction expressed the negative correlation. The data related to quality parameters like total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugars were showed non-significant difference with different attractant traps under mulched conditions. The results pertaining to economic analysis revealed that among the treatments T4 treatment (Cue lure + Spinosad) registered maximum benefit cost ratio (2.61) as compared to others.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF INORGANIC NUTRIENTS AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF TROPICAL RADISH (Raphanus sativus L.) Cv. PUSA CHETKI
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2021-11-10) GURRAM SHIVA TEJA; Dr. M. HANUMAN NAYAK
    The present investigation entitled “Influence of inorganic nutrients and biofertilzers on growth, yield and quality of tropical radish (Raphanus sativus L.)Cv. Pusa Chetki” was carried out during rabi season of the year 2020-21 at P.G research farm, College of horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. A total of seven treatments with three replications were carried out to know the effective combination of nutrient application on growth parameters like Plant height (cm), number of leaves per plant, leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm) and fresh weight of leaves (g). Yield parameters like length of root (cm), diameter of root (cm), fresh weight of root (g), root yield per plot (kg). Quality parameters like fiber content (mg 100 g-1), ascorbic acid (mg 100 g-1), total soluble solids (O brix) and economics were worked out. The seven treatments schedules were T1-100% RDF (90: 50: 90 kg ha-1), T2 -75 % RDF + Biofertilizers [Azotobacter + Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB)] (Each @1.25 kg ha-1 ),T3 - 50 % RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB (Each @ 2.5 kg ha-1 ), T4 - 25 % RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB (Each @ 3.75 kg ha-1 ), T5 - 75 % RDF + Arka Microbial Consortium (AMC) @ 2.5kg ha-1 + KSB@1.25kg ha-1, T6 -50 % RDF +Arka Microbial Consortium (AMC) @5 kg ha-1 + KSB @ 2.5kg ha-1, T7 - 25 % RDF + Arka Microbial Consortium (AMC) @ 7.5 kg ha-1 + KSB @3.75kg ha-1. The results pertaining to growth parameters reported that, Among the treatment combinations, T5 treatment (75 % RDF + Arka Microbial Consortium (AMC) @ 2.5kg ha-1 + KSB@1.25kg ha-1) recorded significantly maximum Plant height (22.75 cm and 33.76 cm), number of leaves (7.60 and 11.50), leaf length (21.16 cm and 28.80 cm), leaf width (7.03cm and 8.87 cm) at 30 and 45 DAS respectively and fresh weight of leaves (120.2 g) at 45 DAS. The data pertaining to yield parameters viz., root length (24.63 cm), root diameter (5.03 cm), fresh weight of root (250.83 g) and root yield (19.53 kg per plot) was reported maximum in T5 treatment (75 % RDF + Arka Microbial Consortium (AMC) @ 2.5kg ha-1 + KSB@1.25kg ha-1) when compared with other treatments. The results related to soil and plant nutrient status showed that among the treatments, T5- 75 % RDF + Arka Microbial Consortium (AMC) @ 2.5kg ha-1 + KSB@1.25kg ha-1 recorded significantly maximum available nitrogen (192.6 kg ha- 1), Phosphorous (114.6 kg ha-1) and Potassium content (316.6 kg ha-1) in soil and the same treatment registered significantly maximum Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium uptake in radish (84.3, 28.8 and 90.3kg ha-1 respectively) as compared to rest of the treatments. The results pertaining to quality parameters indicated that maximum fiber content (1.97 mg 100 g-1), Vitamin-C (16.34 mg 100 g-1), and total soluble solids (4.66 0Brix) were recorded in treatment T5 (75 % RDF + Arka Microbial Consortium (AMC) @ 2.5kg ha-1 + KSB@1.25kg ha-1). The data on economics of treatment combinations showed that, T5 treatment (75 % RDF + Arka Microbial Consortium (AMC) @ 2.5kg ha-1 + KSB@1.25kg ha-1) recorded higher gross income (₹ 3,90,600/-), net income (₹ 3,38,720/-) with maximum benefit cost ratio (6.20) whereas, the minimum benefit cost ratio (2.20) recorded in treatment T4 (25% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB (Each @ 3.75kg ha-1) From this study it is concluded that among all the treatments, the treatment T5 (75 % RDF + Arka Microbial Consortium (AMC) @ 2.5kg ha-1 + KSB@1.25kg ha-1) revealed as the effective combination of nutrient application on growth, yield and quality of radish.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF INORGANIC NUTRIENTS AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF SPINACH BEET (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis) Cv. PUSA BHARATI
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2021-11-10) S. HIMA BINDU; Dr. M. HANUMAN NAYAK
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of inorganic nutrients and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of spinach beet (Beta vulgaris var bengalensis) Cv. Pusa Bharati” was carried out during rabi season of the year 2020-21 at PG research farm, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. A total of ten treatments with three replications were carried out to know the effective combination of nutrient application on morphological parameters like plant height (cm), leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm) and length of leaf petiole (cm). Growth parameters like leaf area (cm2), leaf area index, specific leaf area (cm2 g-1), specific leaf weight (g cm-2) and leaf area duration (cm2 d-1). Yield parameters like number of leaves, leaf weight (g), leaf yield per plant (g) and leaf yield (q ha-1). Quality parameters like moisture content (%), shelf life (No. of days), vitamin-C (mg 100 g-1), carotene content (mg 100 g-1), physiological loss in weight (%) and economics were worked out. The results related to morphological parameters revealed that, among different treatment combinations, T9 (T6 + Arka vegetable special @ 5 g L-1) registered significantly higher plant height (14.94, 26.84 and 35.80 cm), maximum leaf length (10.94, 18.38 and 23.32 cm), maximum leaf width (4.16, 12.45 and 13.52 cm) and length of leaf petiole (7.79, 10.00 and 14.94 cm) at 15, 30 and 45 DAS respectively. The results pertaining to growth parameters reported that, among the treatment combinations, T9 treatment (T6 + Arka vegetable special @ 5 g L-1) recorded significantly maximum leaf area (120.83, 353.56 and 401.88 cm2), highest leaf area index (0.402, 1.178 and 1.339) at 15, 30 and 45 DAS. Specific leaf area was recorded minimum values (8.91, 12.57 and 6.96 cm2 g-1) in treatment T9 (T6 + Arka vegetable special @ 5 g L-1) whereas, maximum values (15.07, 25.57 and 14.64 cm2 g-1) was recorded in T4 (25 % RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB) (Each @ 3.75 kg ha-1) at 15, 30 and 45 DAS. Highest Specific leaf weight (0.112, 0.079 and 0.143 g cm-2) at 15, 30 and 45 DAS and highest leaf area duration between 15 to 30 DAS and 30 to 45 DAS (11.79 and 18.75 cm2 d-1) were recorded in treatment T9 (T6 + Arka vegetable special @ 5 g L-1). The data pertaining to yield parameters, highest number of leaves (13.16, 16.56 and 19.91), maximum leaf weight (19.38, 38.76 and 36.44 g) highest leaf yield per plant (41.53, 47.65 and 98.11 g) and highest leaf yield per hectare (412.75 q ha-1) were recorded in T9 treatment (T6 + Arka vegetable special @ 5 g L-1) at 30, 45 and 60 DAS respectively. The results pertaining to quality parameters indicated that maximum Vitamin-C (65.70 mg 100 g-1), Carotene content (10.59 mg 100 g-1) and Chlorophyll (41.63 SPAD units) were recorded in treatment T9 (T6 + Arka vegetable special @ 5 g L-1). Lowest moisture content (84.46 %) with minimum PLW (47.24 %) which ultimately increases the shelf life (2.99 days) was obtained in T9 treatment (T6 + Arka vegetable special @ 5 g L-1). The data on economics of treatment combinations showed that, T9 treatment (T6 + Arka vegetable special @ 5 g L-1) recorded higher gross returns (₹ 199375/- ), net returns (₹ 103214/-) and benefit cost ratio (6.00) Whereas, the minimum benefic cost ratio (3.50) recorded in treatment T4 (25 % RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB (Each @ 3.75kg ha-1) It can be concluded from present study that, T9 (T6+ Arka vegetable special @ 5 g L-1) treatment was the effective combination of nutrient application on growth, yield and quality of spinach beet.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY & SHELF LIFE BY USE OF DIFFERENT PACKING MATERIALS AND BIO-EFFICACY STUDIES ON SELECTED INSECTICIDES AGAINST LEPIDOPTEROUS PESTS IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2021-11-25) KATTA SWATHI; Dr. D. LAKSHMINARAYANA
    The present investigation entitled “Assessment of quality & shelf life by use of different packing materials and bio-efficacy studies on selected insecticides against lepidopterous pests in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)” was carried out during the kharif season of the year 2020-21. Among the packing material treatments, T1 treatment (Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) bag-1kg) recorded significantly minimum weight loss (3.5%), colour score (4.49), decay (3.81%), mould growth (2.86 %), total soluble solids (2.66 obrix) and maximum firmness (2.56 kg cm2-1) and ascorbic acid content (mg 100 g-1) (25.55) over others. The results related to number of larvae Tuta absoluta, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura and cut worms per plant after 3, 5,7,10 DAT pertaining to first and second sprayings revealed that T3 treatment (Chlorantrinilprole 18.5% W/W SC @ 0.4 ml lit-1) recorded the least incidence as compared to others. Among all the treatments, T3 treatment (Chlorantrinilprole 18.5% W/W SC @0.4 ml l-1) was most effective in reducing survival population of the number of natural enemies (Coccinellids & Spiders) per plant after 3, 5,7 and 10 DAS of 1st & 2nd sprayings, while T8 treatment (Neem oil @ 3000 ppm) was least effective except control. The highest total number of fruits per plant (51.55), number of healthy fruits per plant (50.89), yield per plant (1.54 kg), marketable yield per plant (1.52 kg), marketable yield per ha (56.48 ton) and best B:C Ratio (3.19) were significantly recorded in T3 treatment (Chlorantrinilprole 18.5% W/W SC @ 0.4 ml lit-1) as compared to rest of the treatments. Significantly higher incidence of larval population of Helicoverpa armigera, Tuta absoluta, population of natural enemies (Coccinellids & Spiders) coincided with 43rd Standard meteorological week, larval population of Spodoptera litura were coincided at 40th SMW, while cut worms population coincided at 41st Standard meteorological week of October during Kharif, 2020- 21. The data pertaining to multiple linear regression analysis showed that certain weather parameters like maximum & minimum temperature, BSS, morning & evening relative humidity and rainfall contributed Significantly fluctuation of Larval population of H. Armigera to an extent of 81 per cent. Similarly, these weather parameters accounted for 53 per cent variability in larval population of Spodoptera litura and Tuta absoluta, 89 per cent variability in cut worms population, 75 per cent variability in Coccinellids population and 84 per cent variability in spiders population.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETIES UNDER SOUTHERN TELANGANA AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2021-11-25) VADTHYA SRUTHI; Dr. V. SUCHITRA
    The present research entitled “Studies on the performance of potato (solanum tuberosum L.) varieties under southern telangana agroclimatic conditions” was carried out at Student Research Farm, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar during the rabi season of 2020-2021, to evaluate the performance of six promising potato varieties for growth, yield attributes, yield and quality under Southern Telangana Agroclimatic conditions. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with four replications and six treatments (varieties): Kufri Chipsona-1 (V1), Kufri Chipsona-3 (V2), Kufri Jyoti (V3), Kufri Chandramukhi (V4), Kufri Lauvkar (V5) and Kufri Pukhraj (V6). There was significant variation observed among the varieties with respect to growth, yield attributes, yield and quality of potato. Sprouting per cent was reported highest in Kufri Pukhraj-V6 (35.06% and 84.56%) at 10 and 15 DAP respectively. The plant height increased linearly upto 90 DAP and Kufri Chipsona-3 (V2) reported maximum plant height at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (47.18 cm, 58.68 cm and 59.68 cm repectively). More number of compound leaves reported in Kufri Chipsona-3-V2 (9.9, 16.05 and 17.4) at 30, 60 and 90 DAP respectively. Kufri Chipsona-1 (V1) was counted higher number of branches plant-1 at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (5.8, 7.35 and 8.8 respectively). Kufri Pukhraj (V6) revealed the lowest mortality rate (4.25%). The maximum berry set percentage (75.605%) was recorded in Kufri Chipsona-1 (V1). Kufri Chipsona-3 recorded the more number of tubers plant-1 (18.6). The maximum (0.809 kg) fresh weight of tuber plant-1 was reported in Kufri Pukhraj (V6) and Kufri Chandramukhi (V4) reported maximum tuber diameter (6.9 cm). Kufri Chipsona-3 (V2) reported significantly maximum tuber yield (26.646 kg plot-1 and 28.875t ha-1). The highest percentage of Grade-B tubers were produced by Kufri Pukhraj (V6)- 69.56% . Among varieties Kufri Chipsona-3 (V2) recorded highest starch content (27.36%) and Kufri Pukhraj recorded maximum storage life under ambient conditions (71.45 days). Kufri Chandramukhi (V4) was preferred for external appearance such as size, shape, skin, texture. As regards colour, crispiness, texture and taste of fried potato varieties Kufri Chipsona-3 (V2) was preferred. Kufri Pukhraj (V6) was good as regard to flavour and texture of boiled potatoes. The highest net returns and B:C ratio was observed in Kufri Chipsona-3 (V2) - (₹219113 and 2.76 respectively). The present study revealed the existence of significant variability among the different potato varieties in their growth, yield and quality attributes. Kufri Chipsona-3 (V2) recorded maximum profitability due to its higher farm gate price. The performance of all the varieties in terms of chipping quality attributes was in the order of Kufri Chipsona-3 > Kufri Chipsona-1 > Kufri Chandramukhi > Kufri Jyoti > Kufri Lauvkar > Kufri Pukhraj. Kufri Chipsona-3 and Kufri Chipsona-1 are identified for making chips and Kufri Pukhraj, Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Chandramukhi as table purpose varieties for cultivation. Among all the varieties Kufri Chipsona-3 and Kufri Pukhraj have potential to grow successfully and will sustain farmer’s income under Southern Telangana Zone.