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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON EFFECT OF PACKAGING MATERIALS ON SHELF LIFE OF INTACT AND ISOLATED BANANA (Musa paradisiaca L.)
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2019-06-20) NAZEER NAWABI; Dr. CH. Raja Goud
    The present investigation entitled “STUDY ON EFFECT OF PACKAGING MATERIALS ON SHELF LIFE OF INTACT AND ISOLATED BANANA (Musa Paradisiaca L.).” was conducted at Post Harvest Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University (S.K.L.T.S.H.U), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during the year 2018-2019. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of different packaging materials on shelf life of banana under different conditions. First and second experiment was carried out with 12 treatments in Completely Randomized Design with three replications to study effect of packaging materials on shelf life of intact and isolated banana, respectively and various physical parameters like PLW (%), fruit firmness (kg/cm2), pulp to peel ratio, color development, spoilage record during experiment, DA meter, shelf-life (16) were studied. The results revealed that, the lowest recorded PLW (%) was recorded in fruits kept in polythene covers of intact banana fruits in HDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (2.77) and isolated banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (2.02). This might be due to lower rate of transpiration, oxygen depletion, CO2 accumulation in the polythene bags reaching on equilibrium and as a result the respiratory process was slowed down at 16th days. The fruit firmness were highest firmness polyethylene bags covered recorded intact banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (4.80) and isolated banana fruits LDPE (40 microns) with1% Perforation (2.93). As a result of fruit related to the changes in the amount of pectin materials cementing the cell walls and the hydrolysis of starch, hemicellulose and cellulose in the fruit. Firmness of the fruit in terms of pressure was found to reduce with increase in storage period at 16th days. The pulp to peel ratio was recorded in polythene cover intact bananas fruits LDPE (40 microns) with non Perforation (3.50) and isolated banana fruits HDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (2.87) may be due to slow rate of ripening as well created by O2 depletion and CO2 accumulation. Reduces the transpiration loss and osmotic pressures to pulp and peel resulting in narrow ratio of pulp to peel in treated fruits Transpiration is relatively constant in mature green fruit in pulp to peel ratio as ripening advanced in the fruits at 16th days. The highest peel thickness was noticed polyethylene bags recorded intact banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with 1%Perforation (2.73) and isolated banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with Non Perforation (2.45). As a result of fruit related to humidity of peel that losing of humidity of peel during the repining of fruit at 16th days. DA Meter is a new technology the maximum fruit DA meter was recorded intact banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with Non Perforation (0.92) and isolated banana fruits HDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (0.39) at 16th days. This provides a rapid non-destructive method for assessing fruit maturity from orchard to market. Being non-destructive, the DA Meter can monitor fruit maturity as it develops in the orchard to predict the optimum harvest date. DA meter maturity classes can be identified to optimize harvest timing to supply local and export markets of choice at 16th days. Fruits packed in polythene cover with LDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (18.66) intact banana fruits and isolated banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with 1%Perforation (17.88) isolated banana were recorded spoilage percent during at 16days. It was recorded that, polythene bags cover the maximum shelf life of intact banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (15.33) and isolated banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (15.70. This might be due to accumulation or maintenance of high relative humidity in the polythene bags there by reduced rate of transpiration at 16th days.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF VARIETIES AND BIOFERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON GROWTH, YIELD, QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF STRAWBERRY (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) IN NATURALLY VENTILATED POLYHOUSE
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2021-12-08) APPANI LAXMAN KUMAR; Dr. K. VANAJALATHA
    The present investigation “Studies on the performance of varieties and biofertilizers application on growth, yield, quality and shelf life of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in naturally ventilated polyhouse” was conducted at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during the year 2018-19 and 2019-20. The study was carried out in a set of three experiments, first one on performance of Strawberry varieties in naturally ventilated polyhouse, second experiment on the effect of biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of Strawberry varieties and third experiment on effect of different packaging materials on shelf life of Strawberry varieties. In experiment one, varietal performance of Strawberry in naturally ventilated polyhouse was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments and four replications. The results revealed that, var. Winter Dawn has outperformed over all other varieties for vegetative, flowering, yield and quality parameters. The maximum plant height (25.55 cm), plant spread (35.43 cm east-west) and (38.35 cm north-south), number of runners (5.89) and minimum number of days to runner formation (140) was recorded in var. Winter Dawn. The pooled data also revealed minimum number of days to emergence of first flower (75.43), longest flowering duration (58.29 days), minimum number of days to fifty per cent flowering (103.99), minimum number of days flowering to fruit set(12.35 days), maximum fruit set (84.31%), minimum number of days to maturity (27.88 days) and total number of fruits per plant (13.03). Further, the improvement in physical parameters maximum fruit length (40.0 mm), fruit weight (15.93 g), yield per plant (207.65 g), fruit yield per plot (2.00kg) and yield per hectare (11.34 tha-1) were recorded in var. Winter Dawn. Among the evaluated varieties, var. Sweet Charlie had recorded maximum fruit diameter (3.67 cm), total soluble solids (7.30ºBrix), acidity (0.83%), reducing sugars (4.51%) and total sugars (6.17%) While, var. Winter Dawn had registered maximum ascorbic acid (47.74mg/100g), anthocyanin (63.45 mg/100), minimum albinism disorder (1.42%) and maximum benefit cost ratio (2.29) as per the pooled data. Considering the effect of biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of Strawberry varieties, the maximum plant height (25.10 cm), plant spread (36.26 cm East-west), (36.56 cm North-south), number of runners per plant (6.60) and minimum number of days to runner formation (135.33) was recorded in var. Winter Dawn. The minimum number of days to 50 per cent flowering (88.38), maximum flowering duration (54.44), minimum number of days from flowering to fruit set (10.39), highest fruit set percentage (74.90 %), maximum fruit length(36.7 mm), maximum fruit weight (16.58 g), fruit diameter (3.40 cm), maximum total number of fruits per plant (13.56) , minimum number of days to maturity (26.18), maximum fruit yield per plant (225.13 g), fruit yield per plot (2.20 kg) and yield per hectare (12.47 tha-1) was recorded in var. Winter Dawn. In case of quality parameters, var. Winter Dawn had recorded maximum total soluble solids (7.17 ºBrix), minimum acidity (0.71%), maximum reducing sugars (4.41 %), total sugars (6.08 %) and anthocyanin (64.40 mg/100g). Similarly, var. Sweet Charlie had maximum ascorbic acid (51.57 mg/100g), total sugars (6.08 %). In case of soil nutrient availability, maximum available nitrogen (310.50 kg/ha), phosphorous (16.79 kg/ha), potassium (171.59 kg/ha) and maximum leaf nitrogen (2.83 %), phosphorous (1.11 %) and potassium (2.82 %) content was observed in var. Winter Dawn. In comparison with different biofertilizers, the application of Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria gave the highest plant height (26.07 cm), maximum plant spread (36.05 cm east-west), (35.82 cm north-south direction), maximum number of runners per plant (5.79), minimum number of days to runner formation after planting (138.83). Similarly, the pooled data revealed that minimum number of days to emergence to first flower (56.11), number of days to 50 per cent flowering (83.29), longest flowering duration (54.09), minimum number of days from flowering to fruit set (9.95), maximum fruit set (73.34 %), fruit length (37.9 mm), fruit weight (16.84 g), fruit diameter (3.42 cm), minimum days to maturity (26.96), maximum total number of fruits per plant (13.31), yield per plant (224.25 g), yield per plot (2.19 kg), yield per hectare (12.42 tha-1) and minimum albinism (2.63%) were recorded with application of biofertilizers Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (each 6 kg/ha). Fruits with maximum total soluble solids (7.06 ºBrix), reducing sugars (4.37 %), total sugars (6.05 %), ascorbic acid (50.73 mg/100g), anthocyanin (62.24 mg/100g) and lower acidity (0.74%) was noticed with application of biofertilizers Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (each 6 kg/ha). The maximum available soil nitrogen (310.62 kg/ha), phosphorous (14.83 kg/ha) and potassium (169.55 kg/ha) was registered in plots applied with Arka Microbial Consortium whereas, maximum leaf nitrogen content (3.08%), phosphorous (1.16 %) and potassium (3.04 %) was also recorded in plots treated with biofertilizers Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (each 6 kg/ha). The combination of varieties and biofertilizers revealed that significantly maximum fruit weight (17.76 g),total number of fruits (14.62), fruit yield per plant (259.39g), fruit yield per plot (2.54 kg), fruit yield per hectare (14.42 t ha-1) and maximum benefit cost ratio (2.85) was observed with var. Winter Dawn and Azotobacter, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (each 6kg/ha), Whereas, minimum fruit weight (14.83 g), number of total fruits (11.03), fruit yield per plant (163.30 g), fruit yield per plot (1.58 kg) and fruit yield per hectare (8.97 tha-1) was noticed with combination of var. of Shani and No biofertilizer. The modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) was studied using different packaging materials for Strawberry varieties at ambient storage temperature (25ºC). Among packaging materials, low density polyethylene (50 microns) confirmed as most effective packaging material as compared to control. The minimum weight loss (5.47 and 5.80 %), spoilage per cent (13.31 and 13.36 %), maximum ascorbic acid (27.88 and 22.74 mg/100g) and shelf life (3.17 and 3.29 days) was recorded with low density polyethylene 50 microns compared with low density polyethylene 75 microns and control during 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. Considering different varieties, var. Winter Dawn was recorded with minimum physiological loss in weight (6.16 and 6.41%), spoilage per cent (23.37 and 22.12%), maximum total soluble solids(5.93 and 5.94 ºBrix), acidity (0.86 and 0.83 %), reducing sugars (4.67 and 4.73 %), total sugars (5.73 and 5.83 %), non-reducing sugars (1.06 and 1.09 %) and shelf life (2.62 and 2.76 days) at fourth day of storage during 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. As per the interactions between varieties and packaging materials, var. Winter Dawn fruits packed in punnets and covered with low density polyethylene 50 microns was recorded lowest physiological loss in weight (5.25 and 5.72 %), minimum spoilage percent (12.70 and 12.03 %), maximum ascorbic acid (33.84 and 27.45 mg/100g) at fourth day of storage during 2018-19 and 2019-20. Similarly, the treatment combination var. Winter Dawn and fruits packed in punnets and covered with low density polyethylene 50 microns recorded maximum benefit cost ratio (5.84). The var. Shani and fruits kept in punnets without any packaging material (control) combination was recorded with maximum physiological loss in weight (8.07 and 8.20 %), spoilage per cent (59.03 and 56.73 %) and minimum ascorbic acid content (14.59 and 16.76 mg/100g) at fourth day of storage during 2018-19 and 2019-20. In varietal evaluation, var. Winter Dawn (V1) has performed best among all other varieties for vegetative, flowering and yield parameters. The var. Winter Dawn biofertilizers Azotobacter, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (each 6 kg/ha) combination (V1B3) noticed as most excellent for growth, yield and quality. The var. Winter Dawn fruits packed in punnets and covered with low density polyethylene 50 microns (V1P2) showed lowest physiological loss in weight, spoilage per cent and proved as best packing material in increasing the shelf life of strawberry fruits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON EFFECT OF SEED COAT REMOVAL, SEED ORIENTATION, GRAFTING AND DIFFERENT POTTING MIXTURE, SEA WEED EXTRACT ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MANGO GRAFTS (Mangifera indica L.) cv. BANGANPALLI
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2020-10-09) MURUGESH D; Dr. A. BHAGWAN
    A set of two experiments on effect of seed coat removal (with seed coat and without seed coat), seed orientation (horizontal sowing and vertical sowing) , grafting methods ( veneer grafting and wedge grafting) and different potting mixtures (soil, vermicompost, FYM, cocopeat), sea weed extract (4 ml.plant-1 and 8 ml.plant-1 ) on growth and development of mango grafts (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Banganpalli under randomized block design with factorial concept was conducted at Fruit research station, Sangareddy, SKLTSHU, Telangana. Various physical parameters like days taken for initiation of germination, days taken for leaf emergence, germination percentage (%), number of leaves, plant height (cm), stem girth (mm), leaf area (cm2), root length of rootstock (cm), root: shoot ratio of rootstock, number of days taken for scion budbreak, percentage graft take (%), survival percentage (%), length of scion (cm), girth of scion (mm), scion leaf area (cm2), root length of graft (cm), root: shoot ratio of graft and leaf N, P, K were recorded. In the first experiment, among, the different type of seed coat removal and seed orientation studied, the maximum germination percentage, plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days, stem girth at 30, 60 and 90 days, leaf area, root length of rootstock, root: shoot ratio of rootstock, graft take percentage, graft survival percentage, scion length at 30, 60 and 90 days of graft, scion girth at 30 , 60 and 90 days, scion leaf area, graft root length and also the minimum days taken for initiation of germination, leaf emergence of rootstock and days taken for scion budbreak were recorded in treatment without seed coat + vertical sowing compared to other treatments. This might be due to the maximum root length of rootstock in without seed coat + vertical sowing when compared to other treatments. Among, the different grafting methods, the maximum graft take percentage, graft survival percentage, scion length at 30, 60 and 90 days of graft, scion girth at 60, 90 days, scion leaf area, graft root length were recorded in veneer grafting. In combination of seed coat removal + seed orientation and different grafting method, the maximum graft take percentage (80.28 %), graft survival percentage (78.10 %), scion length at 60 days (6.86 cm), at 90 days (10.21 cm) of mango graft and the maximum scion girth at 60 days (6.62 mm), at 90 days (7.88 mm), leaf area (62.39 cm2) , graft root length(36.66 cm) was recorded in without seed coat + vertical sowing in combination with veneer grafting. In second experiment, Among, the different potting mixture studied, the maximum germination percentage, plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days, stem girth at 30, 60 and 90 days, number of leaves at 30, 60 and 90 days, leaf area, root length, root: shoot ratio of rootstock ,graft take percentage, scion length at 30, 60 and 90 days and scion girth of scion at 30, 60 and 90 days, root length of graft, Leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorous, leaf potassium was recorded in soil + vermicompost + cocopeat (2: 1: ½) compared to control. However, the same treatment recorded minimum days taken for initiation of germination, leaf emergence of rootstock and days taken for scion budbreak of graft. Among the sea weed extract treatments, the maximum germination percentage, plant height 30, 60 and 90 days, stem girth at 30, 60 and 90 days, number of leaves 30, 60 and 90 days, leaf area, root length, root: shoot ratio of rootstock ,graft take percentage, scion length at 30, 60 and 90 days, scion girth of scion at 30, 60 and 90 days, root length of graft, Leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorous, leaf potassium was recorded in SWE at 8 ml.plant-1 compared to control. However, the same treatment recorded minimum days taken for initiation of germination, leaf emergence of rootstock and days taken for scion budbreak of graft. In combination of different potting mixture and sea weed extract studied, the maximum germination percentage (74.00 %), plant height at 60days (44.34 cm), at 90 days (51.85 cm), stem girth at 30 days (4.62 mm), at 60 days (6.86 mm), at 90 days (7.12 mm), number of leaves at 30 days (9.60), at 60 days (17.26), at 90 days (20.63), leaf area (93.24 cm2), root length (34.57 cm), root: shoot ratio (0.54) of rootstock and graft take percentage, scion length at 30 days (6.37 cm), at 60 days (8.32 cm), at 90 days (9.67 cm), scion girth of scion at 30 days (3.54 mm), at 90 days (5.67 mm), root length of graft (40.72 cm), Leaf nitrogen (4.86), leaf phosphorous (0.51), leaf potassium (5.37) was recorded in soil + vermicompost + cocopeat (2: 1: ½) in combination with sea weed extract at 8 ml. Plant-1. However, same treatment recorded the minimum days taken for leaf emergence of rootstock (14.00 days) and days taken for scion budbreak (8.33 days) of graft. The difference in growth parameters of mango rootstock and grafted seedling may be due to the high N, P, K content in seaweed extract, which increased the shoot and root growth of mango rootstock and graft cv. Banganpalli.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PREPARATION AND ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY AND STORABILITY OF BANANA BISCUITS SUPPLEMENTED WITH DIFFERENT FLOURS
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2021-12-02) BOODIDHA AKHILA; Dr. M. RAJASEKHAR
    The present investigation titled “Studies on preparation and assessment of quality and storability of banana biscuits supplemented with different flours”, was carried out at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during 2020-2021. The main objective of the investigation was to standardize the preparation, quality, sensory characteristics and storability of banana biscuits. The experiment was carried out in Completely Randomized Design with factorial concept with fifteen treatments, replicated thrice. The results of the experiment revealed that, among different flours, banana flour recorded highest total sugars (18.14%), reducing sugars (10.48%), non-reducing sugars (7.66%), ascorbic acid (13.04 mg), titratable acidity (0.25%), potassium (1.63%) and lowest crude fat content (0.94%), sorghum flour recorded maximum TSS (1.87oBrix), starch (78.03%) and sugar: acid ratio (36.16), wheat flour (18.43%) recorded maximum crude protein content and ragi flour recorded maximum crude fibre (2.50%) content. Biscuits prepared with banana flour by supplementing with wheat flour, ragi flour, sorghum flour and foxtail millet flour individually and in different combinations were evaluated at 30 days intervals up to 90th day of storage period. It was observed that the TSS, total sugars, reducing sugars of banana biscuits increased continuously until the 90th day, while ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, starch, crude protein, crude fat crude fibre, potassium and overall acceptability decreased gradually during the same period. Good quality highly acceptable biscuits could be made with Banana flour (20%) + Sorghum flour (80%) (T7) which recorded maximum TSS (6.07oBrix), starch (74.31%), colour (8.63), taste (8.90), flavour (8.58), texture (8.64) and overall acceptability (8.90) on 0 day of storage while sugar: acid ratio (149.25) on 90th day of storage was recorded in biscuits prepared with Banana flour (20%) + Ragi flour (80%) (T4). Biscuits made from Banana flour (60%) + Wheat flour (40%) (T3) recorded maximum total sugars (35.21%), reducing sugars (21.56%) on 90th day of storage, titratable acidity (0.28%) and non-reducing sugars (15.99%) on 0 day of storage while Biscuits made from Banana flour (60%) + Sorghum flour (40%) (T9) recorded maximum ascorbic acid (12.01mg) on 0 day of storage, Banana flour (20%) +Wheat flour (80%) (T1) recorded maximum crude protein (7.75), on 0 day of storage, Banana flour (60%) + Ragi flour (40%) (T6) recorded minimum crude fat (11.46%) on 90th day of storage, Banana flour (20%) + Ragi flour (80%) (T4) recorded maximum crude fibre (1.92%) on 0 day of storage and Banana flour (60%) + Foxtail millet flour (40%) (T12) recorded maximum potassium (1.22%) on 0 day of storage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT TABLE VARIETIES OF MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) FOR GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY UNDER ULTRA HIGH DENSITY PLANTING IN TELANGANA STATE
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2021-10-25) SNEHAPRIYA M S; Dr. M. Raj Kumar
    Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important fruit crop of India. I „N f f I ‟. h f h v h h v v h h y „ h k f f ‟. The study on “Performance of different table varieties of mango (Mangifera indica L.) for growth, yield and quality under ultra high density planting in Telangana state” was conducted at Centre of Excellence for Fruits, Mulugu, Siddipet district and Post-harvest laboratory, College of Horticulture, SKLTSHU, Rajendranagar during the year 2020. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design with six table varieties in which each variety was considered as a treatment. Each treatment had four replications. Various growth, flowering, yield and quality parameters were studied in this present investigation. The tree height (1.64 m), tree spread (2.04 m and 2.05 m) (N-S and E-W direction) and stem girth (17.15 cm) were minimum in Alphonso. Alphonso (27.40 cm) and Suvarnarekha (26.84 cm) had maximum leaf length whereas, Baneshan (5.18 cm) and Kesar (4.92 cm) recorded maximum leaf breadth. Panicle initiation (195.50 days) was early in Mahamooda Vikarabad, whereas Alphonso recorded lesser number of days for 50 % (13.54 days) and complete flowering (29.08 days). Early fruit maturity (83.62 days) was attained by Baneshan. Mahamooda Vikarabad 19 produced maximum number of fruits/tree (38.25) whereas, individual fruits of Himayat had highest fruit length (13.70 cm) and weight (408.87 g). Fruit diameter (9.25 cm) was maximum in Baneshan. Suvarnarekha recorded maximum yield/tree (8.11 kg/tree). Depending upon the harvesting stage and ripening process, physiological loss in weight was comparatively low in Alphonso (6.47 %), Baneshan (7.39 %) and Suvarnarekha (7.55 %) whereas shelf-life was recorded maximum in Himayat (9.20 days), Alphonso (8.82 days) and Baneshan (8.05 days). Alphonso (4.29 kg/cm2) recorded highest firmness whereas highest DA meter reading (1.14) was observed in Mahamooda V k . H y h h h 18.96 brix). Maximum reducing sugar (5.33 %), non- reducing sugar (8.43 %), total sugar content (13.77 %), ascorbic acid (17.10 mg/100g) and minimum titratable acidity (0.23 %) was found in Baneshan. Correlation studies among different horticultural traits indicated that the positive correlations were found between tree height and tree spread in N-S (0.937) and E-W direction (0.897), tree spread in N-S direction and tree spread in E-W direction (0.932), leaf length and leaf breadth (0.852), stem girth and days taken for 50 % flowering (0.843), days taken for panicle initiation and firmness (0.862), tree spread at E-W direction and days taken for complete flowering (0.881) number of fruits/tree and yield/tree (0.885), DA meter reading and number of fruits/tree (0.884) and total sugars with non-reducing sugars (0.929). Firmness had negative correlation with physiological loss in weight (-0.875) and period of fruit maturity (-0.823). Thus, the results of the study revealed that the investigation on performance of various table varieties of mango for growth, flowering, yield and quality characters under ultra high density planting system would help us to understand the potentiality of these varieties under Telangana state condition. The correlation studies revealed the association of traits having importance in mango improvement programmes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOSTIMULANT ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) Cv. ALLAHABAD SAFEDA UNDER MEADOW PLANTING SYSTEM
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2020-05-10) M. SANDHYARANI; Dr. A. BHAGWAN
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of biofertilizers and biostimulant on yield and quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) Cv. Allahabad Safeda under meadow planting system” was carried out during the period from June, 2019 to January, 2020 (Mrig bahar crop) at Fruit Research Station (FRS), Sangareddy, SKLTSHU, Telangana. The experiment was carried out with three levels of biofertilizers and four levels of biostimulant i.e. B1- Azotobacter @ 50 g tree-1, B2- Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 50 g tree-1, B3- Azotobacter @ 50 g tree-1 + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 50 g tree-1, S1- Seaweed extract @ 25 g tree-1, S2- Seaweed extract @ 50 g tree-1, S3- Seaweed extract @ 75 g tree-1 and S0- Control in a factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice. Among the three levels of biofertilizers B3- Azotobacter @ 50 g tree-1 + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 50 g tree-1 recorded significantly maximum per cent fruit set (49.55%), per cent fruit retention (48.40%), fruit length (6.56 cm), fruit diameter (6.57 cm), fruit weight (162.72 g), yield per tree (3.43 kg), yield per hectare (17.18 t ha-1), total soluble solids (11.38 oBrix), reducing sugars (4.30%), non-reducing sugars (3.35%), total sugars (7.65%), ascorbic acid (202.68 mg 100 g-1), shelf life (7.04 days) and minimum acidity (0.42%), followed by B2- Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 50 g tree-1. While minimum was recorded in B1- Azotobacter @ 50 g tree-1. Among the four levels of biostimulant S3- Seaweed extract @ 75 g tree-1 recorded maximum fruit set (50.01%), fruit retention (48.24%), fruit length (6.29 cm), fruit diameter (6.81 cm), fruit weight (173.40 g), yield per tree (3.48 kg), yield per hectare (17.44 t ha-1), total soluble solids (11.70 oBrix), reducing sugars (4.41%), non-reducing sugars (3.41%), total sugars (7.82%), ascorbic acid (201.95 mg 100g-1), shelf life (7.15 days) and minimum acidity (0.41%), followed by S2- Seaweed extract @ 50 g tree-1. Minimum was recorded in S0- Control. With respect to interaction effect of biofertilizers and biostimulant, soil application of Azotobacter @ 50 g tree-1 + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 50 g tree-1 + Sea weed extract @ 75 g tree-1 i.e. T11 (B3S3) recorded maximum fruit set (56.68%), fruit retention (54.95%), fruit length (7.12 cm), fruit diameter (7.14 cm), fruit weight (180.69 g), yield per tree (4.51 kg), yield per hectare (22.56 t ha-1), total soluble solids (12.26 oBrix), reducing sugars (4.58%), non-reducing sugars (3.54%), total sugars (8.12%), ascorbic acid (226.15 mg 100g-1), shelf life (7.64 days) and minimum acidity (0.36%), followed by T10 (B3S2)- Azotobacter @ 50 g tree-1 + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 50 g tree-1 + Sea weed extract @ 50 g tree-1. Minimum was recorded in T4 (B1S0)- Azotobacter @ 50 g tree-1 and without seaweed extract. Based on above results, it can be concluded that soil application of Azotobacter @ 50 g tree-1 + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 50 g tree-1 + Sea weed extract @ 75 g tree-1 i.e. (T11) recorded maximum yield and quality parameters, followed by T10 (B3S2)- Azotobacter @ 50 g tree-1 + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 50 g tree-1 + Sea weed extract @ 50 g tree-1. With respect to B:C ratio T11 (B3S3) i.e. Azotobacter @ 50 g tree-1 + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 50 g tree-1 + Sea weed extract @ 75 g tree-1 give maximum B:C ratio (2.70), followed by T10 (B3S2)- Azotobacter @ 50 g tree-1 + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 50 g tree-1 + Sea weed extract @ 50 g tree-1 (2.58).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BIO-EXTRACTS AND PACKAGING MATERIALS ON SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.) Cv. RED LADY
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2021-02-24) KANDAGATLA SHARVANI; Dr. K. VANAJALATHA
    The research entitled “Studies on the effect of different bio-extracts and packaging materials on shelf life and quality of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady” consisted a set of two experiments to study the performance of different bio-extracts and combination of first two best treatments of bio-extracts with different packaging materials on shelf life and quality of papaya cv. Red Lady, which were conducted at College of Horticulture, SKLTSHU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during the year 2019-2020. In both the experiments, the design followed was Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Various physical parameters like physiological loss in weight (PLW %), fruit firmness with peel (kg/cm2), fruit firmness without peel (kg/cm2), ripening (%), spoilage (%), shelf life (Days) and biochemical parameters like total soluble solids (° Brix), titratable acidity (%), brix: acid ratio, total sugars (%), reducing sugars (%), non- reducing sugars (%) and ascorbic acid (mg/l00 g of pulp) were estimated at an interval of 3 days during storage in both the experiments. Benefit cost ratio was evaluated at the end of shelf life. In the first experiment, the papaya fruits cv. Red Lady were coated with different bio-extracts (T1: Aloe vera gel extract- 20%, T2 : Neem leaf extract- 20%, T3: Garlic extract- 10%, T4 : Ginger extract- 20%, T5 : Guar gum -1.5%, T6 : Acacia gum- 10%) and T7 was taken as control, stored at ambient temperature. Fruits treated with Neem leaf extract (20%) recorded significantly lowest PLW(11.14%), ripening (93.33%), spoilage (42.22%) and significantly highest fruit firmness with peel (1.23 kg/ cm2), firmness without peel (0.93 kg/ cm2), TSS (11.730 brix), brix : acid ratio (97.78), reducing sugars (8.64%), total sugars (10.61%), non-reducing sugars (1.97%), ascorbic acid content (38.15 mg/100g) on 12th day, at the end of storage. The highest shelf life (14 days) was also seen in fruits treated with Neem leaf extract (20%) followed by Garlic extract 10% (12.67 days). Maximum benefit cost ratio (1.01) was also recorded in Neem leaf extract treated fruits in ambient temperature. In the second experiment, the papaya fruits cv. Red Lady were coated with bio-extracts (Neem 20% and garlic 10%), packed in LDPE packaging with 1% Ventilation, Cling film, Newspaper and stored at ambient temperature. Fruits treated with Neem leaf extract 20% + LDPE packaging (1% Ventilation) recorded significantly lowest PLW (10.13%), ripening (88.89%), spoilage (40%) and significantly highest fruit firmness with peel (1.33 kg/cm2), firmness without peel (0.87 kg/cm2), TSS (12.43o brix), brix : acid ratio(155.47), reducing sugar content (9.63%), total sugar content (11.86%), non-reducing sugar content (2.63%), ascorbic acid content (42.10 mg/100g) on 15th day, at the end of storage. The highest shelf life (17 days) was also seen in Neem leaf extract 20% + LDPE packaging (1% Ventilation) followed by Neem leaf extract 20% + Cling film wrapping (15.67 days). Maximum benefit cost ratio (1.02) is also recorded in Neem leaf extract 20% + LDPE packaging (1% Ventilation) treated fruits in ambient temperature. Hence, the research findings concluded that different bio-extract coatings and their combination with different packaging materials significantly affected the shelf life and quality of papaya cv. Red Lady. Among the different bioextract treatments, Neem leaf extract (20%) and from among different combinations of bio-extracts and packaging materials, Neem leaf extract (20%) with LDPE packaging (1% Ventilation) were found to be best in increasing the shelf life and improving the quality of papaya cv. Red Lady fruits at ambient temperature.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF CALCIUM, POTASSIUM AND SILICON ON YIELD, FRUIT QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis L.) Cv. SATHGUDI
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2021-01-30) MANGALI MOUNIKA; Dr. T. SURESH KUMAR
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on the effect of foliar application of Calcium, Potassium and Silicon on yield, fruit quality and shelf life of sweet orange cv. Sathgudi” was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Konda Mallepally, Nalgonda. The objective of this experiment was to study the Effect of Calcium, Potassium and Silicon on yield, fruit quality and shelf life of sweet orange. The experiment was laid down in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 13 treatments and three replications. Calcium, Potassium, and Silicon at various concentrations were sprayed at before bloom stage (one month before flowering), after fruit set, and after a month of second spray. The observations on fruit weight, fruit length, fruit volume, diameter of the fruit, peel thickness, fruit firmness, number of fruits/tree, yield per tree and quality parameters like juice content, total soluble solids, titrable acidity, total sugars, reducing sugars, non reducing sugars, ascorbic acid and shelf life parameters like physiological loss in weight, shelf life, spoilage were recorded. The maximum fruit weight (244.93g), fruit length (6.68cm), fruit volume (145.00ml) fruit diameter (6.95cm), yield per tree (60.17kg) juice content (46.37%), TSS (12.07B0), minimum acidity (0.53%) maximum total sugars (6.28%), reducing sugars (4.10%), non reducing sugars (2.18%) were recorded in the tree sprayed with T4 – (4ml/L) K2SiO3. Maximum number of fruits per tree (250.00) was recorded in T1 – 1 % KNO3. while minimum was recorded in T13 - control. Data on shelf life parameters of the fruits differed significantly among the treatments, Lowest physiological loss in weight, maximum shelf life (27.20days) and minimum spoilage % was recorded in treatment T7 – 1% Ca(NO3)2 while highest physiological loss in weight, spoilage% and lowest shelf life were recorded in T13 control In this study, the application of calcium, potassium and silicon nutrients T4 - (4ml/L) K2SiO3 was found to be superior as revealed by the results and thus can be recommended to increase the fruit quality and yield parameters of sweet orange, and T7 - 1% Ca(NO3)2 is recommended for extending shelf life.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PLANT NUTRIENTS ON YIELD, QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.) Cv. TAIWAN RED LADY
    (Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2021-02-06) DUBBAKA NAVEEN KUMAR; Dr. T. SURESH KUMAR
    The present research entitled “effect of plant nutrients on yield, quality and shelf life of papaya (Carica papaya L.) Cv. Taiwan Red Lady” was carried out during July, 2019 to March, 2020 at Pittalagudem village of Nalgonda District, Telangana. The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Design with three replications and nine treatments viz., T1: 19:19:19 (0.5%) + Borax (0.3%) + Ca (NO3)2 (0.25%) + ZnSO4 (0.25%), T2: 19:19:19 (1%) + Borax (0.5%) + Ca (NO3)2 (0.5%) +ZnSO4 (0.5%), T3: KNO3 (1%) + Borax (0.3%) + Ca (NO3)2 (0.25%) + ZnSO4 (0.25%), T4: KNO3 (1.5%) + Borax (0.5%) + Ca (NO3)2 (0.5%) + ZnSO4 (0.5%), T5: ZnSO4 (0.25%) + Borax (0.3%) + Ca (NO3)2 (0.25%), T6: ZnSO4 (0.5%) +Borax (0.5%) + Ca (NO3)2 (0.5%), T7: ZnSO4 (0.25%) + Borax (0.3%) + KNO3 (1%), T8: ZnSO4 (0.5%) + Borax (0.5%) + KNO3 (1.5%), T9: Control (water spray). From the study, results enunciated that, the yield and yield attributing characters were influenced significantly by foliar application of different combinations of plant nutrients, application of T4: KNO3 (1.5%) + Borax (0.5%) + Ca (NO3)2 (0.5%) + ZnSO4 (0.5%) per tree recorded the maximum fruit weight (1.47 kg), fruit length (21.36 cm), fruit diameter (14.73 cm), number of fruits per tree (25.36) and highest yield per tree (37.27 kg tree-1). With respect to quality parameters, plant nutrients had significantly affected the total soluble solids (12.26 0Brix), total sugars (7.91%), reducing sugars (6.07%), non-reducing sugars (1.84%) and ascorbic acid (23.56 mg 100g-1). Reduced physiological loss in weight (15.62%), titrable acidity (0.011%) and increased firmness (6.93 kg cm-2) and shelf life (6.83 days) was obtained with the same treatment. The treatment T4: KNO3 (1.5%) + Borax (0.5%) + Ca (NO3)2 (0.5%) + ZnSO4 (0.5%), recorded appreciable benefit: cost ratio (2.88) under the present study, which will be beneficial for papaya cultivation. All the weather parameters were shown negatively correlated (non-significant) with mealybug population and positively correlated (non-significant) with whitefly population. While All the weather parameters except (RH) relative humidity-II were shown positively correlated (non-significant) with fruit fly population whereas (RH) relative humidity-I shown negative correlation. Secondary major nutrients supplemented through foliar application helped in preventing the tissue degeneration or adverse physiological impact caused by PRSV disease and also low pest incidence in the field. Based on above results, it can be concluded that the application of foliar spray of plant nutrients showed better results in papaya and therefore foliar application of T4 - KNO3 (1.5%) + Borax (0.5%) + Ca (NO3)2 (0.5%) + ZnSO4 (0.5%) per tree, followed by T3 - KNO3 (1%) + Borax (0.3%) + Ca (NO3)2 (0.25%) + ZnSO4 (0.25%) per tree can be recommended for papaya in Telangana state.