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Open Access
SCREENING OF PARENTS AND SEGREGATING POPULATION OF SORGHUM FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE USING BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS
(MPKV,Rahuri, 2009) Jadhav Sharmila Narendrasingh; R.M.Naik
Laboratory and pot culture experiments were conducted in the Department of Biochemistry during 2007-2008 to evaluate the levels · of osmoprotectant such as proline ,glycine betaine,soluble proteins and the activity of PSCS in the leaves of five drought tolerant and five drought susceptible cultivars and segregating crosses of sorghum by the imposed stress created by withholding irrigation as well as by osmotic stress created PEG- 6000. Imposition of osmotic stress was found to increase the mean proline accumulation in leaves from 30.62 to 112.36 1-1moles g-1 fr. wt., approximately 3.67- folds in tolerant types. Under similar conditions, the mean proline accumulation was found to range from 43.01 to 91.10}..lmoles g-1 fr .wt. approximately 2.11- folds in susceptible types .The mean P5CS activity was found to increase from 1.55 to 4.01 }..lmoles of y-glutamyl hydroxamate formed g-1 tissue hr- 1, about 2.66 fold in tolerant type while it ·was found to increase from 1.67 to3.01 J..l moles of y- glutamyl hydroxamate formed g-1 tissue hr-1 ,about 1.80 -fold in susceptible cultivars .Similarly, the other osmolyte glycine betaine accumulation was found to be 3.50 -fold in tolerant cultivars and about 1.84-fold in susceptible cultivars. The application of osmotic stress created by withholding irrigation increased mean soluble protein content by 4.56- fold in tolerant types and 2.34- fold in susceptible types .These results thus indicated that an increase in proline and glycine beatine accumulation is a good indicator for . evaluating sorghum genotypes for drought .An increased P5CS activity during stress indicated the fresh biosynthesis of proline during stress. An increase in soluble proteins due to stress further supports the neVi' enzyme synthesis and least protein degradation during stress. RAPD analysis of genomic DNA of four cultivars viz. RSV-458, CSV-216, SPV-1546, RSV-658 showed polymorphism with seven different primers. When the parents and their respective segregating population was analyzed with specific primers showing parental polymorphism , the amplification profile of segregating population appeared to be similar to that of a male parent . Thus the use of a high proline and high glycine beatine accumulating
Open Access
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN SUMMER GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
(MPKV,Rahuri, 2009) Sonawane Hemantkumar Sampat; A.H.Sonone
The present investigation entitled "Genetic diversity in summer groundnut (A. hypogaea L.)" was undertaken to estimate the genetic variability and genetic divergence in sixty-six genotypes of summer groundnut. The sixty-six genotypes were evaluated during summer 2008 season in a randomized block design with two replications at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Groundnut, M.P.K.V., Rahuri, Dist. Ahmednagar (M.S.). Observations were recorded on the traits viz., days to flower initiation, days to maturity, plant height (em), number of branches/plant, number of filled pods/plant, number of unfilled pods/plant, fresh pod yield/plant (g), dry pod yield/plant (g), dry haulm yield/plant (g), test weight (g), shelling percentage (%), sound mature kernel (%), pod shell thickness (mm) and oil percentage(%). Appreciable amount of variability was observed for all the characters studied. The magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation indicated the presence of good amount of y variability for plant height, number of branches/plant, number of fllled pods/plant, number of unfilled pods/plant, fresh pod yield/
Open Access
"STABILITY ANALYSIS IN LUCERNE (Medicago sativa L.)"
(MPKV,Rahuri, 2009) CHAUDHARI GANESH JAGNNATH; R.S.Patil
Investigation was conducted for critical assessment of stability in Lucerne (Medicago sativa). Ten genotypes including one check variety (RL-88) were evaluated at AICRP . on forage crops, MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra in three seasons. Five cuts were taken in summer 2008 and six cuts were taken in Kharifand Rabi- 2008 season each.Data were recorded on the traits viz., plant height, internode length, number of tillers, leaf length, leaf breadth, green forage yield, dry forage yield, crude protein (%), crude fiber (%), crude protein yield, ADF (%) and NDF (%). Significant G x E interaction was observed for plant height, internode length, green forage yield, dry forage yield, crude protein(%) and ADF (%). The linear component of G x E interaction was highly significant for plant height (em), GFY and DFY when tested against pooled error, where as it was high significant for the traits crude protein (%) and ADF (%) when tested against pooled deviation. The non linear components of G x E interaction (pooled deviation) ·was found to be highly significant for plant height (em), green forage yield (qjha) and dry forage yield (q/ha). In present investigation the genotypes RLH-4 (plant height, and dry forage yield), RL-88 [plant height and crude protein (%)], RLP-06-03 (green forage yield and dry forage yield). The genotypes RLP-06-03, 01, 05, RL - 88 (internode length) and RLH-2 [dry forage yield and ADF (%)1 were found to be promising and had
Open Access
"PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERVENTION TO REGULATE THE PREHARVEST SPROUTING IN MUNGBEAN [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)"
(MPKV,Rahuri, 2009) Suryawanshi Sandip Jagannath; S.N.Mate
A field trial entitled "Physiological intervention to regulate the pre harvest sprouting in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) var. Vaibhav" was carried out at PG Farm, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Dist. Ahmednagar during kharif2007. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications involving ten treatment using Vaibhav variety of mungbean crop. The treatment consist of no spray (Absolute control), water spray (control), 4 foliar applications of CCC@ 500 ppm at 45, 50, 55 and 60 DAS and 4 foliar applications of MH@ 100 ppm at 45, 50, 55 and 60 DAS. Foliar sprays of CCC and MH were given when the crop was 45 days old. The observations on different plant characters such as plant height, number of branches, days for 50 per cent flowering, dry matter studies, 1000 grain weight, grain yield,number of pods per plant, pod weight, harvest index and seed quality parameters and chemical compositions viz., protein content (%), carbohydrate (%), total sugars (%), reducing sugars (%), moisture (%) and vitamin C (mgf 100 g) were recorded for both raw as well as sprouted condition. The treatments T2 (CCC @ 500 ppm at 45 DAS) and T6 (MH @ 100 ppm at 45 DAS) revealed high magnitude of per cent increase in yield which was 8-15 per cent over the absolute control. The treatment with CCC (500 ppm) and MH (100 ppm) exhibited favourable influence in all morpho-physiological characters such as reduced plant height and increased number of branches, dry matter production, yield contributing characters, harvest index. However, the chemical compositions in which plant growth regulators increased protein, carbohydrate, total sugars, reducing sugars per cent and Vit. C (mgf 100 g) but reduced the moisture per cent in seed over the absolute control. The both treatments CCC (500 ppm) and MH ( 100 ppm) shown the beneficial effect on seed quality parameters. In which it reduces the moisture (%) in seed than the absolute control and it increases the germination rate and vigour index than the absolute control and water spray. The treatment CCC (500 ppm) and MH (100 ppm) reduced the germination rate due to reduction of moisture percentage in seed over the control and absolute control in laboratory at the 48, 72, 96, 120 hrs.
Open Access
PHENOTYPIC STABILITY IN CHICKPEA ( Cicer arietinum L.)
(MPKV,Rahuri, 2009) Takmoge Dnyaneshwar Dattatraya; R.S.Patil
The present investigation on "Phenotypic stability in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)" was undertaken with the objectives, to study the predictability of grain yield and its components over array of environments to isolate stable and adaptable genotype over different sowing dates. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate 14 genotypes of chickpea including two checks (Vishal and Digvijay) duing Rabi 2006-07 under three sowing dates viz., Early E1 (5th October), optimum E2 (6th November) and late E3 (6th December) in Randomized Block Design with three replications · at Pulses Improvement Project, M.P.K.V., Rahuri. The recorded data was subjected to statistical and stability analysis by following the approach given by Eberhart and Russell (1966). G x E interactions were detected for all the ten characters studied. Linear component shared major portion of total G x E for all the characters except 100 grain weight and grain yield per plant. Non linear component was found to be significant for all the ten characters studied. However, considering the relative magnitude of linear component and non linear component both the components were important for expression of days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, primary branches per plant, pods per plant, grains per pod and grain yield per plant. Estimates of environmental indices (Ij) suggested that normal sowing (E2) environment was the favourable environment for yield and most of the other yield components followed by E1 and E3. Four genotypes viz., PG-97030-1, PG-9708-6, PG-00108 and Vishal were found to be high yielding and stable. Further, PG- 97030-1 was also stable for early flowering and grains per pod, PG- 00108 for early maturity, plant height and grains per pod were stable. The genotype PG-9801-12 also had below average stability for plant height only, whereas, PG-9708-6 had above average stability for primary branches per plant. The promising .genotypes can be made use for release of new varieties or as the parents for generating the breeding material suited for development of new chickpea varieties with wider adaptability over environments or with specific adaptability to a particular environment for desirable attributes.
Open Access
"MOLECULAR FIDELITY OF TISSUE CULTURED SUGARCANE FOR PURITY (VARIETY CoM-0265) "
(MPKV,Rahuri, 2008) TILEKAR VRUSHALI BAJIRAO; L. C. Mohatkar
This investigation, 'Molecular fidelity of tissue cultured sugarcane for purity (variety CoM-0265)' was undertaken to check the genetic fidelity of callus derived plantlets of sugarcane cultivar CoM-0265 and to explore the possibility of occmTence of genetic variation within regenerants derived from calli screened on various levels of NaCl and sucrose. Callus cultures were initiated from leaf segment and cell clumps were exposed to various concentrations of NaCl (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 %) and sucrose (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, l.OM). The callus subjected to 2.0% NaCl and 0.8 and l.OM sucrose concentration showed necrosis and died. The calli which tolerated the NaCl and sucrose concentration up to 1.5% and 0.6M respectively were proliferated and · their persisted effect on various growth stages was studied. Regenerants obtained were hardened in polyhouse. The genetic variability was assessed at molecular level through RAPD technique. DNA was isolated by CT AB method from leaves of these shootlets and set derived plant and subjected to PCR amplification using 20 decamer random primers. Amplified products were separated by gel electrophoresis. Data obtained from RAPD analysis was analyzed to 0btain similarity coefficient and dendrogram was constructed.Callus exposed to various NaCllevels showed decrease in callus growth with increase in selection pressure of NaCI. Control of NaCl showed the highest fresh weight while least was shown on 1.5 % NaCI. The calli on 1.5% NaCl regenerated successfully but took maximum days for regeneration and rooting. It produced least shoots per gram of callus and also the roots per shoot. In hardening it showed highest mortality. Among the calli subjected to various concentrations of sucrose, similar ~rend was observed as that of NaCI. Increase in selection pressure of sucrose resulted in decrease in growth of callus. Calli stressed on 0.6M sucrose failed to regenerate. Highest number of shoots per gram of callus and roots per shoot was observed in regenerants derived from control of sucrose and 0.2M sucrose respectively. Regeneran ts derived from calli adapted to 0.4M sucrose concentration requi red maximum days for rooting and showed maximum mortality in hardening. Molecular charac terization using RAPD analysis revealed genetic polymorphism between regenerants derived from various salt and sucrose treated calli from mother plant. RAPD of regenerants resolved total 136 markers from 20 pi·imers of OPB series. Out of which 60 were polymorphic with 44.11% polymorphism. Genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.697 to 0.837 between mother plant and regenerants derived from NaCl and sucrose treated calli. Among the different plantlets, regenerants derived from calli adapted to 0.5% NaCl which showed maximum genetic changes showed least similarity with mother plant (0.697) followed by 0.2M and 0.4M sucrose levels~ Dendrogram placed the regenerants into two major clusters and these were divided into various subclusters. The RAPD profile of some primers showed the non parental bands amplified in specific regenerants. Some unique bands were also observed which can be useful as genetic marker. In vitro selection system can be potentially employed to select the salt and drought tolerant lines by exposing tissue to higher concentrations of salt and sucrose respectivel y, \:vith several selection cycles. However, it needs further field evaluation under stress conditions to confirm the tolerance. The
Open Access
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES IN RELATION TO Fusarium wilt RESISTANCE
(MPKV,Rahuri, 2009) Nighute Tejashvita Babasaheb; J.V.Patil
The present investigation "Morphological and molecular characterization of chickpea RIL's in relation to Fusarium wilt" was carried out at Post Graduate Instructional Farm, Department of Botany, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Dist. Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) during Rabi 2008-09. The experimental material consisted of 427 RIL's of chickpea obtained from Principal Scientist (Pulses), M.P.K.V., Rahuri. The observations were recorded on seedling, plant and seed morphological characters and also molecular test. The morphological characteristics exhibited by different cultivars studies indicate that although some of the cultivars have common morphological features in respect of one or few characters, they can be differentiated from each other on the basis of other characters. The mean performance of parents showed existence of substantial variability in the material for different character under study. RIL's were studied for twenty plant morphological characters namely stem anthocyanin coloration, stem height at initiation of first flower time of flowering (extra early, early, medium), plant growth habit (errect, semi erect, spreading), plant colour of foliage (light green, medium green, dark green), leaf let size (small, medium large), leaf pattern (simple, compound), flower number per peduncle (single, twin), flower colour (white, pink, blue), flower strip on standard, peduncle length (short, medium, long), plant height (short, medium, tall), pod size (large, small, medium large), number of seeds/pod (One, more than one), seed colour (green yellow, dark brown, brown), seed size (very small, small, medium large, very large), seed shape (pea shaped, owl shape, angular), seed testa and texture (Rough, smooth, tabuerculated), seed ribbing (present, absent) and seed type (desi, kabuli). Out of 427, RIL's, 33 resistant RIL's and 15 susceptible RIL's were subjected for PCR amplification using 6 random decamer primers OPL-10, OPL-11, OPL-12, OPL-13, OPL-14 and OPL-18. It was observed that, all 6 primers are amplified in each cross. A total of 245 markers (bands) were generated by amlification with 6 primer. Out of which 183 are polymorphic with an average of 75.30 per cent polymorphism. Each primer thus produced on an average of 40.5 markers. The size of amplification
Open Access
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY FOR GROWTH AND YIELD IN COWPEA [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]
(MPKV,Rahuri, 2009) Chavan Shubhangi Dattatraya; S.N.Mate
A field experiment entitled, "Physiological efficiency for growth and yield in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)" under kharif season of 2008,was carried out at Pulse Improvement Project, M.P.K.V., Rahuri, Dist. Ahmednagar (MS). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The experiment consisted of twelve genotypes viz.,VCM-8, Phule Pandhari, GC-3, PCP~ 05010, RC-101, V-240, CoCp-702, C-152, Subhra, V-585, PCP-0207-24 and PCP-05030. The observations on different plant characters such as, plant height, leaf area, leaf number, dry matter content of leaves, stem, root, and pods, physiological parameters and post harvest observations were recorded. Partitioning of total dry matter between the vegetative and reproductive plant parts played an important role in yield determining processes. Studies on leaf area revealed that it is good for increasing photosynthetic efficiency of plant. The photosynthetic, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were highest at 50 % flowering and decreases after 15 days of 50 % flowering. Whereas water use efficiency increases from 50 % flowering to 15 days after 50 % flowering. The genotypes significantly differed in respect of yield per plant. The highest yield was recorded by the genotypes, PCP- 05010, GC-3, VCM-8, C-152, PCP-0207-24 and Phule Pandhari. The most important yield attributes namely pod number per plant, grain number per pod and 100 grain weight. These appeared to be the most important characters to determine sink capacity. The protein content was highest in genotype Phule Pandhari and vitamin 'C' content was highest in genotype PCP- 05010. Therefore, it can be concluded that, there is poor translocation of photosynthates from source to sink, but the high yielding genotypes had good translocation system than low yielding genotypes, hence low yielding genotypes can be utilized for fodder purpose. The yield contributing characters, the number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, primary and secondary branches per plant are most important yield contributing characters. However to arrive at a definite conclusion more detailed studies ' are needed.
Open Access
EVALUATION OF GREENGRAM GERMPLASM LINES FOR RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW AND GENETIC DIVERGENCE
(MPKV,Rahuri, 2009) Thakare Ravindra Chindhu; P.A. Navale
The present investigation entitled "Evaluation of green gram germplasm lines for resistance to powdery mildew and genetic divergence' was undertaken to study the extent of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance, genetic divergence and resistance against powdery mildew disease among 60 genotypes of green gram. The material was evaluated in randomized block design with three replications during kharif 2006 at Botany farm, PGI, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri. Observations were recorded for nine characters. Significant treatment sum of square for all characters studied revealed the presence of considerable amount of variability. The magnitude of GCV and PCV were high for protein presence of variability for these characters.The high magnitudinal difference between GCV and PCV were found for number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield and test weight indicating the role of environment in phenotypic expression of these traits. The lowest difference between GCV and PCV was recorded for days to maturity indicating the major role of genotype in the expression of this character. High magnitude of heritability (b.s.) was recorded for protein content, plant height, days to maturity, days to 50 per cent flowering. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height (em) and days to maturity. The D2 values ranged between 3.26 to 219.65 suggesting the presence of considerable amount of genetic diversity. All these 60 genotype were coupled in to 10 clusters, in which cluster II was the largest ( 1 7) among all, followed by cluster-III (12), cluster-! (9), cluster-VI (7), cluster-IV (6), clusterV (5) and cluster-VII, cluster-VIII, cluster-IX and cluster-X were monogenotypic. The maximum intra cluster distance was observed for cluster-VI followed by cluster-IV and cluster-V, suggesting that genotypes present in these clusters possessing varied genetic architecture and might have originated from different genetic pool. Whereas, maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster-VI and IX followed by cluster-VIII and cluster-IX and cluster-! and cluster-VI, indicating wide divergence among these clusters.

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